al-Bayhaqī: A Short Introduction
Chapter 5 of 40
Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Mūsā al-Khusrawjirdī al-Khurāsānī, famously known as al-Bayhaqī, was a towering figure in Islamic scholarship, recognized as a ḥāfiẓ (master of ḥadīth), ʿallāma (polymath), and shaykh al-Islām. Born in the month of Shaʿbān in the year 384 AH, he hailed from Bayhaq, a region comprising several villages near Nīshāpūr in Khurāsān. His scholarly journey began at the young age of fifteen, when he started hearing ḥadīth from prominent teachers like Abū al-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-ʿAlawī. He became the most distinguished student of the famous ḥadīth authority al-Ḥākim, under whom he studied extensively and graduated. His quest for knowledge led him to travel widely, visiting Iraq, the mountainous regions of al-Jibāl, and the Ḥijāz, while learning from a vast array of masters in cities like Baghdād, Makkah, and Kūfa.
Al-Bayhaqī was a master who seamlessly combined the sciences of ḥadīth and fiqh, possessing a profound understanding of ḥadīth defects (ʿilal) and the methods of reconciling seemingly contradictory reports. He studied classical theology and Ashʿarī creed directly under the legendary master Imam Abū Bakr ibn Fūrak (d. 406 AH). His literary output was staggering, with his writings totaling nearly one thousand parts, a feat unmatched by his contemporaries. Among his most significant works is al-Sunan al-Kubrā, a ten-volume masterpiece that stands unique in its field. His other notable contributions include al-Sunan wa-l-Āthār, al-Asmāʾ wa-l-Ṣifāt, Dalāʾil al-Nubuwwa, and Shuʿab al-Īmān. Such was the caliber of his work that the Imām al-Ḥaramayn al-Juwaynī remarked that while every Shāfiʿī jurist is indebted to Imam al-Shāfiʿī, Imam al-Shāfiʿī is indebted to al-Bayhaqī for his tireless efforts in supporting and documenting the Shāfiʿī school of thought. His dedication to the Shāfiʿī madhhab was so deep that contemporary scholars noted he was capable of establishing his own independent school (mujtahid) had he wished, and al-Subkī remarked that al-Bayhaqī’s writings effectively “closed the door on all who came after him” as no one could ever match his legal-hadith compilations.
Beyond his academic brilliance, al-Bayhaqī was celebrated for his piety, profound asceticism (zuhd), and contentment with very little. In an extraordinary display of lifelong devotion, he fasted continuously for the final thirty years of his life. He spent much of his life in seclusion in his home village, devoted entirely to compiling his books. However, his reputation was such that the leading scholars of his time urged him to move to Nīshāpūr to share his knowledge. He did so in 441 AH, where he held sessions to teach his book al-Maʿrifa, drawing large crowds of students and scholars. The spiritual status of his work was highlighted by several contemporary accounts of dreams; in one instance, a righteous companion dreamt of Imam al-Shāfiʿī himself reading al-Bayhaqī’s manuscripts and expressing his benefit from them. In another famous account, the ascetic master Abū Bakr al-Marwazī witnessed a dream depicting a luminous chest (tābūt) rising to the heavens, which was interpreted as a symbol of the divine acceptance and high standing of al-Bayhaqī’s compilations.
In his final years, al-Bayhaqī returned to Nīshāpūr one last time to teach, and it was there that he eventually fell ill. He passed away on the 10th of Jumādā al-Ūlā in 458 AH at the age of seventy-four. After his death, he was washed, shrouded, and transported in a coffin to be buried in his native Bayhaq, specifically in the district of Khusrawjird. He left behind a legacy carried on by his son Ismāʿīl, his grandson Abū ʾl-Ḥasan, and a long list of students who continued to transmit his vast body of work across the Islamic world.
Introduction to the Translation
Chapter 6 of 40
The monograph The Book of the Affirmation of the Punishment of the Grave and the Questioning of the Two Angels (Kitāb Ithbāt ʿAdhāb al-Qabr wa-Suʾāl al-Malakayn), commonly shortened to Ithbāt ʿAdhāb al-Qabr, represents Imām al-Bayhaqī’s focused thematic contribution to the eschatological literature surrounding the intermediate realm (al-Barzakh). In modern scholarship, the text has been preserved and established through key critical editions, most notably by Dr. Sharaf Maḥmūd al-Quḍāh of the Faculty of Sharia at the University of Jordan, published as a 136-page volume by Dār al-Furqān in Amman (first edition, 1403 AH / 1983 CE). The work has also been edited jointly by Muḥammad al-Saʿīd Zaghlūl and Abū al-Fidāʾ ʿAbd Allāh al-Qāḍī, published by Maktabat al-Turāth al-Islāmī in Cairo.
The attribution of Ithbāt ʿAdhāb al-Qabr to al-Bayhaqī is definitively proven through both internal self-citation and an extensive trail of external reception. Internally, al-Bayhaqī cross-references this treatise directly within his broader compilation Shuʿab al-Īmān (specifically under entries 15, 295, and 492). Externally, generations of classical biographers, exegetes, and Hadith authorities have cited and transmitted material directly from this volume. Ḥāfiẓ ibn Kathīr draws from it in his Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm (4:96), while Ḥāfiẓ Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī quotes it across several major works, including al-Durr al-Manthūr (3:35, 3:57, 3:319), his commentary on Sunan al-Nasāʾī (4), and al-Dībāj (5). Furthermore, the Ottoman bibliographer Ḥājjī Khalīfa formally catalogs the treatise under entry 19 of his Kashf al-Ẓunūn.
In organizing the monograph, al-Bayhaqī structures his material into discrete, thematic chapters, prefacing each with a concise heading that encapsulates the specific theological argument demonstrated by the subsequent textual evidence. Methodologically, he frequently initiates chapters by establishing the primary proof-texts from the Holy Qurʾān before introducing the corresponding Hadith traditions and non-prophetic reports (āthār), complete with their chains of transmission (asānīd). In total, the book contains 240 chain-supported texts (nuṣūṣ musnada), encompassing both prophetic traditions (marfūʿ) and non-prophetic statements traced to the Companions and Successors (mawqūf).
Al-Bayhaqī’s framework in this work is characterized by his deliberate compilation of supporting textual avenues (shawāhid) and parallel lines of transmission (mutābaʿāt), creating a dense, cumulative proof for the intermediate state after death. Rather than restricting his entries strictly to authentic (ṣaḥīḥ) reports, al-Bayhaqī operates according to the established traditionist principle: man asnada laka faqad aḥālaka (“whoever provides you with a full chain of transmission has delegated the critical evaluation to you”). By preserving the full chain for every report recorded, al-Bayhaqī provides the scholar with the raw evidentiary materials needed to perform independent chain analysis and verification.
Beyond its function as a passive repository of traditions, Ithbāt ʿAdhāb al-Qabr represents a sophisticated synthesis of Hadith methodology and dialectical theology (kalām). Reflecting his deep grounding in Ashʿarī dogmatics under Imām Abū Bakr ibn Fūrak, al-Bayhaqī opens the treatise by declaring that the affairs of the grave are validated not only through textual revelation – the Qurʾanic verses and transmitted āthār – but also through “the rational possibility of such things being within the power of Allah” (jawāz dhālika bi-l-ʿaql fī qudratillāh). This framework becomes particularly evident in Chapters 10 and 11, where al-Bayhaqī addresses metaphysical objections. He demonstrates rationally that a complete physical structure is not a prerequisite for perception or life, thereby establishing the feasibility of punishment even for scattered or decomposed remains, while clarifying that Allah creates states within al-Barzakh that lie entirely beyond the empirical perception of the living.
The thirty chapters (abwāb) of the monograph unfold in a deliberate fourfold thematic arc. Al-Bayhaqī begins by laying the dogmatic foundations through Qurʾanic exegesis – most notably around Sūrat Ibrāhīm – and reports describing the descent of angels and the return of the soul. From this theoretical bedrock, he transitions into specific moral warnings, pinpointing everyday ethical failings – such as talebearing (namīma), unliquidated debts, and carelessness in purification – that trigger the compression and trials of the grave. He balances these stern warnings with a comprehensive survey of divine mercies and protective measures, detailing how martyrdom, frontier defense (ribāṭ), dying on Friday, or the regular recitation of Sūrat al-Mulk secure safety from the trial.
Finally, the work culminates in practical pastoral guidance for the living. Al-Bayhaqī emphasizes that the treatise is designed to inform graveside praxis and personal readiness, providing prophetic supplications to be offered at the burial site for the deceased’s steadfastness and capturing the poignant, reverent reflections of the Salaf when facing the initial moment of exposure to the intermediate realm.
بَابُ مَا جَاءَ فِي كِتَابِ ٱللَّهِ ﷿ وَسُنَّةِ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ مِنْ بِشَارَةِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِٱلتَّثْبِيتِ عِنْدَ سُؤَالِ ٱلْمَلَكَيْنِ
1. On What Has Come in the Book of Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – and the Sunnah of His Messenger ﷺ Regarding the Glad Tidings to the Believers of Being Granted Steadfastness During the Questioning by the Two Angels
Chapter 9 of 40
١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ٱلْفَقِيهُ، ثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلْقَاضِي، ثَنَا ٱلْحَوْضِيُّ ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى ٱلْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو عُثْمَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ٱلْحَافِظُ، نَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، ثَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنِ ٱلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ إِذَا شَهِدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ وَعَرَفَ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ فِي قَبْرِهِ فَذَٰلِكَ قَوْلُ ٱللَّهِ ﷿ ﴿يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ فِي ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧]» رَوَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُمَرَ حَفْصِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ٱلْحَوْضِيِّ
1. Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Sulaymān al-Faqīh informed us: Ismāʿīl ibn Isḥāq al-Qāḍī narrated to us: al-Ḥawḍī narrated to us; [alternatively] Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā al-Muzakkī and Abū ʿUthmān Saʿīd ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Ḥāfiẓ narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā informed us: Abū ʿUmar narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of ʿAlqama ibn Marthad, on the authority of Saʿd ibn ʿUbayda, on the authority of al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – that he said: “
The believer, when he testifies that there is no deity but Allah and recognizes Muḥammad [as the Messenger of Allah] – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – in his grave, that is the [meaning of] the statement of Allah – Glorified and Exalted is He: ‘Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life.’” [Ibrāhīm: 27] Narrated by Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ismāʾīl al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ, on the authority of Abū ʿUmar Ḥafṣ ibn ʿUmar al-Ḥawḍī.
[1]
٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، نَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْمَلِكِ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ ٱلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ٱلرُّوذَبَارِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّزَّاقِ، ثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ ٱلْأَشْعَثَ ٱلسِّجِسْتَانِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْوَلِيدِ ٱلطَّيَالِسِيُّ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنِ ٱلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ ٱلْمُسْلِمَ إِذَا سُئِلَ فِي ٱلْقَبْرِ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَٰلِكَ قَوْلُ ٱللَّهِ ﷿ ﴿يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ فِي ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَفِي ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧]» لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ ٱلصَّغَانِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَهُ، رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي ٱلْوَلِيدِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱلْمَلِكِ، وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو ٱلْحُسَيْنِ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ ٱلْحَجَّاجِ ٱلنَّيْسَابُورِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ٱلْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ أَبِي ٱلْوَلِيدِ فِيمَا زَعَمَ شَيْخُنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، فَأَمَّا أَنَا فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَرَهُ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ إِلَّا مِنْ رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ غُنْدَرٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ
2. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb informed us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Malik informed us; [alternatively] Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Rūdhabārī informed us: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Bakr ibn ʿAbd al-Razzāq informed us: Abū Dāwūd Sulaymān ibn al-Ashʿath al-Sijistānī narrated to us: Abū ʾl-Walīd al-Ṭayālisī narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of ʿAlqama ibn Marthad, on the authority of Saʿd ibn ʿUbayda, on the authority of al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Indeed, when the Muslim is questioned in the grave, he bears witness that there is no deity except Allah and that Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace; and that is [meaning of] the statement of Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – ‘Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life and in the Hereafter.’” [Ibrāhīm: 27] This is the wording of the hadith of Abū Dāwūd,
[2] and in the hadith of al-Ṣaghānī he said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said, and he mentioned it. Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū ʾl-Walīd Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Malik, and narrated by Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj al-Naysābūrī on the authority of Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Walīd, according to what our shaykh Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ claimed; as for me, I have not seen it in the book of Muslim except from the narration of Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar Ghundar on the authority of Shuʿba.
[3]
٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْجَبَّارِ، ثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ ٱلْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنِ ٱلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ فِي ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧] «إِذَا جَاءَ ٱلْمَلَكُ ٱلرَّجُلَ فِي ٱلْقَبْرِ حِينَ يُدْفَنُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟ فَقَالَ: رَبِّيَ ٱللَّهُ، فَقَالَ: وَمَا دِينُكَ؟ قَالَ: دِينِيَ ٱلْإِسْلَامُ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: مَنْ نَبِيُّكَ؟ قَالَ نَبِيِّي مُحَمَّدٌ، فَذَٰلِكَ ٱلتَّثْبِيتُ فِي ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا»، وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَقَالَ: «إِذَا جَاءَ ٱلْمَلَكَانِ ٱلرَّجُلَ فِي ٱلْقَبْرِ»
3. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us, saying: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār narrated to us: Abū Muʿāwiya narrated to us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Saʿd ibn ʿUbayda, on the authority of al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib, who said regarding His statement: “Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life” [Ibrāhīm: 27]: “When the angel comes to the man in the grave at the time he is buried and says to him, ‘Who is your Lord?’ He says, ‘My Lord is Allah.’ He says, ‘And what is your religion?’ He says, ‘My religion is Islam.’ And he says to him, ‘Who is your prophet?’ He says, ‘My prophet is Muḥammad.’ That is [the meaning of] being kept firm in the life of this world.” And Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba narrated it on the authority of Abū Muʿāwiya, who said [in his wording]: “When the two angels come to the man in the grave...”
٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ ٱلسَّمَّاكِ ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو سَهْلٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، وَأَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالُوا: ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ ٱلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: ذَكَرَ ٱلنَّبِيُّ ﷺ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَ وَٱلْكَافِرَ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ أَشْيَاءَ لَمْ أَحْفَظْهَا، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا سُئِلَ فِي قَبْرِهِ قَالَ رَبِّيَ ٱللَّهُ فَذَٰلِكَ قَوْلُ ٱللَّهِ ﷿ ﴿يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ فِي ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَفِي ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧] ٱلْءَايَةَ»
4. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Hāshimī informed us in Baghdad: ʿUthmān ibn Aḥmad ibn al-Sammāk narrated to us; [alternatively] Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Sahl Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ziyād and Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn Abī Ṭālib narrated to us: Wahb ibn Jarīr narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib who said: The Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – mentioned the believer and the disbeliever, then mentioned things that I did not memorize, and said, “Indeed, when the believer is questioned in his grave, he says, ‘My Lord is Allah,’ and that is the [meaning of] the statement of Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – ‘Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life and in the Hereafter…’” [Ibrāhīm: 27]
٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ ٱلْقَاضِي، بِهَمَذَانَ ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ ٱلْحُسَيْنِ، ثَنَا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسَ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: تَلَا رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ ﴿يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ فِي ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَفِي ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ﴾ فَقَالَ: «ذَٰلِكَ إِذَا قِيلَ لَهُ فِي ٱلْقَبْرِ: مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟ وَمَا دِينُكَ؟ وَمَنْ نَبِيُّكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: ٱللَّهُ رَبِّي وَٱلْإِسْلَامُ دِينِي وَمُحَمَّدٌ نَبِيِّي، جَاءَنَا بِٱلْبَيِّنَاتِ مِنْ عِنْدِ ٱللَّهِ فَآمَنْتُ بِهِ وَصَدَّقْتُهُ فَيُقَالُ: صَدَقْتَ عَلَى هَٰذَا حَيِيتَ، وَعَلَيْهِ مِتَّ، وَعَلَيْهِ تُبْعَثُ إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَّهُ»
5. Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad informed us: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥasan al-Qāḍī informed us in Hamadhān: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ḥusayn narrated to us: Ādam ibn Abī Iyās narrated to us: Ḥammād ibn Salama narrated to us on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr, on the authority of Abū Salama, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – recited “Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life and in the Hereafter” [Ibrāhīm: 27] and then he said: “That is when it is said to him in the grave: ‘Who is your Lord? What is your religion? And who is your Prophet?’ He will say: ‘Allah is my Lord, Islam is my religion, and Muḥammad is my Prophet; he came to us with clear proofs from Allah, so I believed in him and testified to his truth.’ It will then be said: ‘You have spoken the truth; upon this you lived, upon this you died, and upon this you shall be resurrected, if Allah wills.’”
٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ٱلْمُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عِيسَى ﵀، قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَصْلِهِ، ثَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْبَصْرِيُّ، نَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْوَهَّابِ، أَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ ٱلْمُخَارِقِ، عَنِ ٱلْمُخَارِقِ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ يَعْنِي ٱبْنَ مَسْعُودٍ: «إِذَا حَدَّثْنَاكُمْ بِحَدِيثٍ آتَيْنَاكُمْ بِتَصْدِيقِ ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ كِتَابِ ٱللَّهِ ﷿، إِنَّ ٱلْمُسْلِمَ إِذَا دَخَلَ قَبْرَهُ أُجْلِسَ فِيهِ فَقِيلَ: مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟ وَمَا دِينُكَ؟ يَعْنِي وَمَنْ نَبِيُّكَ؟ قَالَ: فَيُثَبِّتُهُ ٱللَّهُ ﷿، فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّيَ ٱللَّهُ وَدِينِيَ ٱلْإِسْلَامُ وَنَبِيِّي مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ قَالَ: فَيُوسَعُ لَهُ قَبْرُهُ، وَيَرُوحُ لَهُ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ ﴿يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧] ٱلْآيَةُ، وَإِنَّ ٱلْكَافِرَ إِذَا دَخَلَ قَبْرَهُ أُجْلِسَ فِيهِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟ وَمَا دِينُكَ؟ وَمَنْ نَبِيُّكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي فَيَضِيقُ عَلَيْهِ قَبْرُهُ وَيُعَذَّبُ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ ﴿وَمَنْ أَعْرَضَ عَنْ ذِكْرِي فَإِنَّ لَهُ مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكًا وَنَحْشُرُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَعْمَى﴾ [طه: ١٢٤]»
6. Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Muʾammal ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿĪsā – may Allah have mercy on him – informed us – it being read to him from his original manuscript: Abū ʿUthmān ʿAmr ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Baṣrī narrated to us: Abū Aḥmad Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb informed us: Jaʿfar ibn ʿAwn informed us: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbd Allāh informed us on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mukhāriq, on the authority of al-Mukhāriq ibn Sulaym, who said: ʿAbd Allāh – meaning ibn Masʿūd – said: “When we narrate a hadith to you, we provide you with the confirmation of that from the Book of Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He. When the Muslim enters his grave, he is made to sit up in it, and it is said to him: ‘Who is your Lord? And what is your religion?’ – meaning: ‘And who is your Prophet?’ [He said:] Then Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – makes him firm, and he says: ‘My Lord is Allah, my religion is Islam, and my Prophet is Muḥammad – may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ He said: Then his grave is widened for him, and he is given comfort in it. Then he recited: ‘
Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life and in the Hereafter…’ [Ibrāhīm: 27] – to the end of the verse. And when the disbeliever enters his grave, he is made to sit up in it, and it is said to him: ‘Who is your Lord? And what is your religion? And who is your Prophet?’ He says: ‘I do not know.’ Then his grave is constricted upon him, and he is punished in it. Then ʿAbd Allāh recited: ‘
And whoever turns away from My remembrance, then for him is a straitened life, and We shall gather him on the Day of Resurrection blind.’” [Ṭāḥā: 124]
[4]
٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلْحَٰفِظُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلسُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَىٰ قَالُوا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَٰقَ، ثَنَا يَحْيَىٰ بْنُ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ، ثَنَا شَرِيكٌ عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: ﴿يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّٰبِتِ فِي ٱلْحَيَٰوةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧] قَالَ: «ٱلْمُخَٰطَبَةُ فِي ٱلْقَبْرِ يَقُولُ: مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟ وَمَا دِينُكَ؟ وَمَنْ نَبِيُّكَ؟ وَفِي ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ مِثْلُ ذَٰلِكَ»
7. Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḥāfiẓ, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī, and Abū Saʿīd Muḥammad ibn Mūsā informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq informed us: Yaḥyā ibn Abī Bukayr narrated to us: Sharīk narrated to us on the authority of Sālim, on the authority of Saʿīd, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās, who said [regarding the verse]: “
Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life” [Ibrāhīm: 27]: “[This refers to] the questioning in the grave, when it is said: ‘Who is your Lord? What is your religion? And who is your Prophet?’ And in the Hereafter, it is the same.”
[5]
Notes
[1] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 4699, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2871.
↩ [2] Recorded in
Sunan Abī Dāwūd, no. 4750. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Albānī.
↩ [3] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 4699, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2871.
↩ [4] Recorded by al-Ṭabarānī in
al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr, no. 9143 and no. 9145.
↩ [5] That is, just as Allah grants the believer steadfastness (
al-qawl al-thābit) to answer the angels during the questioning in the grave (
barzakh), He grants them the same firmness during the final reckoning (
ḥisāb) on the Day of Resurrection. Recorded in al-
Sunan al-Kubrā by al-Nasāʾī, no. 11201
↩ بَابُ مَا فِي هَٰذِهِ ٱلْآيَةِ مِنَ ٱلْوَعِيدِ لِلْكُفَّارِ بِعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ قَالَ ٱللَّهُ تَعَالَى ﴿وَيُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ وَيَفْعَلُ ٱللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧]
2. On the Warning Implied in this Verse for the Disbelievers Concerning the Punishment of the Grave: Allah Most High said: "And Allah leaves the wrongdoers to stray, and Allah does whatever He wills." [Ibrāhīm: 27]
Chapter 10 of 40
٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنِ ٱلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «﴿يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ فِي ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَفِي ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧] » قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ فِي عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّيَ ٱللَّهُ وَنَبِيِّي مُحَمَّدٌ، فَذَٰلِكَ قَوْلُهُ ﴿يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧]» رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ أَيْضًا عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ
8. Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-Faḍl ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Aḥmad ibn Salama narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Bashshār narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of ʿAlqama ibn Marthad, on the authority of Saʿd ibn ʿUbayda, on the authority of al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said [regarding the verse]: “
Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life and in the Hereafter” [Ibrāhīm: 27]: “It was revealed regarding the punishment of the grave. It is said to him: ‘Who is your Lord?’ He says: ‘My Lord is Allah and my Prophet is Muḥammad.’ That is the meaning of His saying: ‘
Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word.’” [Ibrāhīm: 27] Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Bashshār, and it was also narrated by Muslim on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Bashshār.
[6]
٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّاغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، ثَنَا ٱلثَّوْرِيُّ ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ يَعْنِي ٱلشَّيْبَانِيَّ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ يَعْنِي ٱبْنَ مَهْدِيٍّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَيْثَمَةَ، عَنِ ٱلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، ﴿يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ فِي ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَفِي ٱلْءَاخِرَةِ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧] قَالَ: «نَزَلَتْ فِي عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ وَغَيْرِهِ
9. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣāghānī narrated to us: Rawḥ ibn ʿUbāda narrated to us: al-Thawrī narrated to us; [alternatively] Abū ʿAbd Allāh informed us, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb – meaning al-Shaybānī – informed us: Aḥmad ibn Sahl narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Bashshār narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān – meaning ibn Mahdī – narrated to us on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Khaythama, on the authority of al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib, who said, regarding the verse, “
Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life and in the Hereafter” [Ibrāhīm: 27]: “It was revealed concerning the punishment of the grave.” Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Bashshār and others.
[7]
١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، ثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلرَّازِيُّ، ثَنَا ٱلْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ ٱلْيَمَانِ، ثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدٌ، يَعْنِي: ٱبْنَ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِ ٱللَّهِ ﷿ ﴿يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ فِي ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَفِي ٱلْآخِرَةِ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧] ٱلشَّهَادَةُ، يُسْأَلُونَ عَنْهَا فِي قُبُورِهِمْ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِمْ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِعِكْرِمَةَ: مَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: «يُسْأَلُونَ عَنْ إِيمَانِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وَأَمْرِ ٱلتَّوْحِيدِ قَالَ: ﴿وَيُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ ٱلظَّالِمِينَ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧] قَالَ: تِلْكَ ٱلشَّهَادَةُ فَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ أَبَدًا»، وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ
10. Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Bishrān al-ʿAdl informed us in Baghdad: Abū ʿAmr ʿUthmān ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh informed us: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Rāzī narrated to us: al-Haytham ibn al-Yamān narrated to us: Ismāʿīl ibn Zakariyyāʾ narrated to us: Muḥammad – meaning ibn ʿAwn – narrated to me on the authority of ʿIkrima, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās – may Allah be pleased with them both – regarding the saying of Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – “Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life and in the Hereafter” [Ibrāhīm: 27]: “It is the testimony; they are asked about it in their graves after their death.” He [Muḥammad] said: I said to ʿIkrima, “What is it?” He [ʿIkrima] said, “They are asked about their faith in Muḥammad – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and the matter of monotheism.” He [Ibn ʿAbbās] said, “And Allah leads the wrongdoers astray” [Ibrāhīm: 27]. He [Ibn ʿAbbās] said, “[Regarding] that testimony, they [the wrongdoers] are never guided [to it].” And thus it was narrated by others on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās.
١١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّاغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ ٱلْأَسْلَمِيُّ قَالَ عَبْدُ ٱلسَّلَامِ بْنُ حَفْصٍ: ثَنَا عَنُ شَرِيكِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «بِي يُفْتَتَنُ أَهْلُ ٱلْقُبُورِ، وَفِيَّ نَزَلَتْ هَٰذِهِ ٱلْآيَةُ ﴿يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ﴾» قَالَ أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ: أَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: وَفِيهِ نَزَلَتْ
11. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣāghānī narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Aslamī narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Salām ibn Ḥafṣ said: Sharīk ibn Abī Namir narrated to us on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ ibn Yasār, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Regarding me shall the people of the graves be tested, and concerning me was this verse revealed: ‘Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word.’” [Ibrāhīm: 27] Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās said: I believe he [my teacher] said: And concerning him [the Prophet] was it revealed.
١٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ٱلْفَزَارِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: ﴿يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ فِي ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧] «فِي عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ.»
12. Abū ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Saʿīd informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: Muʿāwiya ibn ʿAmr narrated to us on the authority of Abū Isḥāq al-Fazārī, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, who said: [The verse] “Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life” [Ibrāhīm: 27] is regarding the punishment of the grave.
Notes
[6] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 4699, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2871.
↩ [7] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2871.
↩ بَابُ إِخْبَارِ ٱلْمُصْطَفَى ﷺ بِأَنَّ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَ وَٱلْكَافِرَ جَمِيعًا يُسْأَلَانِ، ثُمَّ يُثَبَّتُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ وَيُعَذَّبُ ٱلْكَافِرُ
3. On the Report of the Chosen One ﷺ That Both the Believer and the Disbeliever Are Questioned, Whereupon the Believer Is Granted Steadfastness and the Disbeliever Is Punished
Chapter 11 of 40
١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، نَا أَبُو ٱلْفَضْلِ ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ٱلْعَدْلُ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلْوَهَّٰبِ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ يَعْنِي ٱبْنَ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ نَبِيَّ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ ٱلْعَبْدَ إِذَا وُضِعَ فِي قَبْرِهِ وَتَوَلَّى عَنْهُ أَصْحَابُهُ، إِنَّهُ لَيَسْمَعُ قَرْعَ نِعَالِهِمْ، فَيَأْتِيهِ مَلَكَانِ، فَيَقُولَانِ: مَا كُنْتَ تَقُولُ فِي هَٰذَا ٱلرَّجُلِ؟» يَعْنِي مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ قَالَ: «فَأَمَّا ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ فَيَقُولُ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّهُ عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: ٱنْظُرْ إِلَى مَقْعَدِكَ فِي ٱلنَّارِ، قَدْ أَبْدَلَكَ ٱللَّهُ مَقْعَدًا فِي ٱلْجَنَّةِ، فَيَرَٰىهُمَا جَمِيعًا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ زُرَارَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱلْوَهَّٰبِ، وَرُوِيَ ذَٰلِكَ عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱلْوَهَّٰبِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ أَبْسَطَ مِنْ ذَٰلِكَ
13. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-Faḍl al-Ḥasan ibn Yaʿqūb al-ʿAdl informed us: Yaḥyā ibn Abī Ṭālib narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb narrated to us on the authority of Saʿīd, meaning ibn Abī ʿArūba, on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik, that the Prophet of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
When the servant is placed in his grave and his companions depart from him, he certainly hears the tread of their sandals. Then two angels come to him and say: ‘What did you used to say about this man?'" –
meaning Muḥammad – may Allah bless him and grant him peace –
"
As for the believer, he says: ‘I bear witness that he is the servant of Allah and His Messenger.’ It is then said to him: ‘Look at your seat in the Fire; Allah has replaced it for you with a seat in Paradise,’ and he sees them both.” Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Zurāra, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Wahhāb; and this [hadith] was narrated on the authority of ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAṭāʾ in a more detailed manner than this.
[8]
١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ⸁أَنَا أَبُو سَهْلٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، ⸁أَنَا سَعِيدٌ ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ الْفَضْلِ قَالَا، ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الرُّزِّيُّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ نَخْلًا لِبَنِي النَّجَّارِ فَسَمِعَ صَوْتًا فَفَزِعَ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ أَصْحَابُ هَذِهِ الْقُبُورِ؟» قَالُوا: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، نَاسٌ مَاتُوا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَقَالَ: «نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَعَذَابِ النَّارِ، وَفِتْنَةِ الدَّجَّالِ» قَالُوا: وَمَا ذَاكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةَ تُبْتَلَى فِي قُبُورِهَا، وَإِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا وُضِعَ فِي قَبْرِهِ أَتَاهُ مَلَكٌ، فَيَقُولُ لَهُ مَا كُنْتَ تَعْبُدُ؟ فَإِنِ اللَّهُ هَدَاهُ،» وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْقَطَّانِ، «فَإِنْ هَدَاهُ اللَّهُ ﷿، فَيَقُولُ: كُنْتُ أَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: مَا كُنْتَ تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا الرَّجُلِ؟ فَيَقُولُ: هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ قَالَ: فَمَا سُئِلَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ غَيْرَهَا، فَيُنْطَلَقُ بِهِ إِلَى بَيْتٍ كَانَ لَهُ فِي النَّارِ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: هَذَا بَيْتِكَ كَانَ فِي النَّارِ، وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷿ عَصَمَكَ وَرَحِمَكَ فَأَبْدَلَكَ بِهِ بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ، فَيَقُولُ: دَعُونِي حَتَّى أَذْهَبَ فَأُبَشِّرَ أَهْلِي، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: اسْكُنْ، وَإِنَّ الْكَافِرَ إِذَا وُضِعَ فِي قَبْرِهِ أَتَاهُ مَلَكٌ، فَيَنْهَرُهُ فَيَقُولُ: مَا كُنْتَ تَعْبُدُ؟ فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي، فَيَقُولُ: لَا دَرَيْتَ وَلَا تَلَيْتَ، فَيَقُولُ مَا كُنْتَ تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا الرَّجُلِ؟ فَيَقُولُ: كُنْتُ أَقُولُ مَا يَقُولُ النَّاسُ قَالَ: فَيَضْرِبُهُ بِمِطْرَاقٍ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ بَيْنَ أُذُنَيْهِ فَيَصِيحُ صَيْحَةً يَسْمَعُهَا الْخَلْقُ غَيْرَ الثَّقَلَيْنِ» لَفْظُهُمَا سَوَاءٌ وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ
14. Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Faḍl al-Qaṭṭān informed us in Baghdad: Abū Sahl Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ziyād al-Qaṭṭān informed us: Abū Bakr Yaḥyā ibn Abī Ṭālib narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAṭāʾ narrated to us: Saʿīd informed us; [alternatively] Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Muḥammad ibn Mūsā ibn al-Faḍl informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ruzzī informed us: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAṭāʾ narrated to us on the authority of Saʿīd, on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik, that the Prophet of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – entered a palm grove belonging to the Banū ʾl-Najjār and heard a sound that startled him, and said: “
Who are the inhabitants of these graves?” They said: “O Prophet of Allah, they are people who died during the Age of Ignorance.” He said: “
We seek refuge with Allah from the punishment of the grave, the punishment of the Fire, and the tribulation of the False Messiah.” They said: “And what is that, O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “
Indeed, this community will be tested in its graves. When the believer is placed in his grave, an angel comes to him and asks him: ‘What did you used to worship?’ If Allah guided him” – and in the narration of al-Qaṭṭān, “
if Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – guided him” – “
he says: ‘I used to worship Allah.’ It is then said to him: ‘What did you used to say about this man?’ He says: ‘He is the servant of Allah and His Messenger.’ He is not asked about anything other than that. He is then taken to a house he [would have] had in the Fire, and it is said to him: ‘This was your house in the Fire, but Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – protected you and had mercy on you, and replaced it for you with a house in Paradise.’ He says: ‘Leave me so that I may go and give glad tidings to my family.’ It is said to him: ‘Dwell [here].’ As for the disbeliever, when he is placed in his grave, an angel comes to him and rebukes him, saying: ‘What did you used to worship?’ He says: ‘I do not know.’ The angel says: ‘Neither did you know, nor did you recite!’
[9]
He then asks: ‘What did you used to say about this man?’ He says: ‘I used to say what the people said.’ He then strikes him between his ears with an iron hammer, and he lets out a scream that is heard by all creation except for the two weighty beings.” The wording of both narrations is identical, and thus it was narrated by Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAṭāʾ.
[10]
١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْأَدِيبُ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ٱلْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى، وَٱلْحَسَنُ قَالَا: ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ٱلْمِنْهَالِ، ثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي ٱلْفِرْيَابِيُّ، وَٱلْحَسَنُ قَالَا: ثَنَا ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ ٱلْوَلِيدِ، ثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، ثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ ٱلْعَبْدَ إِذَا وُضِعَ فِي قَبْرِهِ وَتَوَلَّى عَنْهُ أَصْحَابُهُ حَتَّى إِنَّهُ يَسْمَعُ قَرْعَ نِعَالِهِمْ، أَتَاهُ مَلَكَانِ، فَيُقْعِدَانِهِ، فَيَقُولَانِ: مَا كُنْتَ تَقُولُ فِي هَٰذَا ٱلرَّجُلِ مُحَمَّدٍ؟ فَأَمَّا ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ، فَيَقُولُ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّهُ عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: ٱنْظُرْ إِلَى مَقْعَدِكَ مِنَ ٱلنَّارِ، أَبْدَلَكَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِ مَقْعَدًا فِي ٱلْجَنَّةِ» قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَرَاهُمَا كِلَاهُمَا، أَوْ قَالَ جَمِيعًا»، قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: فَذُكِرَ لَنَا: «يُفْسَحُ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ سَبْعُونَ ذِرَاعًا وَيُمْلَأُ عَلَيْهِ خَضِرًا إِلَى يَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ» ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: «وَأَمَّا ٱلْكَافِرُ أَوِ ٱلْمُنَافِقُ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: مَا كُنْتَ تَقُولُ فِي هَٰذَا ٱلرَّجُلِ؟ فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي كُنْتُ أَقُولُ مَا يَقُولُ ٱلنَّاسُ، فَيُقَالُ: لَا دَرَيْتَ وَلَا تَلَيْتَ، ثُمَّ يُضْرَبُ بِمِطْرَاقٍ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ ضَرْبَةً بَيْنَ أُذُنَيْهِ فَيَصِيحُ صَيْحَةً يَسْمَعُهَا مَنْ يَلِيهِ غَيْرَ ٱلثَّقَلَيْنِ» هَٰذَا حَدِيثُ ٱلْفِرْيَابِيِّ، رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ، فَقَالَ: وَقَالَ لِي خَلِيفَةُ، ثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَنْهَالٍ مُخْتَصَرًا، وَرَوَاهُ شَيْبَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ.
15. Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Adīb informed us: Abū Bakr al-Ismāʿīlī informed us: Abū Yaʿlā and al-Ḥasan informed us: Muḥammad ibn al-Minhāl narrated to us: Yazīd ibn Zurayʿ narrated to us; [alternatively] al-Firyābī and al-Ḥasan informed us: al-ʿAbbās ibn al-Walīd narrated to us: Yazīd ibn Zurayʿ narrated to us: Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿArūba narrated to us on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik, that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
When the servant is placed in his grave and his companions depart from him, such that he hears the tread of their sandals, two angels come to him and seat him up, and they say: ‘What did you used to say regarding this man, Muḥammad?’ As for the believer, he says: ‘I bear witness that he is the servant of Allah and His Messenger.’ It is then said to him: ‘Look at your seat from the Fire; Allah has replaced it for you with a seat in Paradise.’” The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
He sees them both” or he said,
“all of them.” Qatāda said: It was mentioned to us: “
His grave is widened for him by seventy cubits and it is filled with greenery until the Day of Resurrection.” Then he returned to the hadith of Anas, who said: “
As for the disbeliever or the hypocrite, it is said to him: ‘What did you used to say regarding this man?’ He says: ‘I do not know; I used to say what the people said.’ It is then said: ‘Neither did you know nor did you recite!’
Then he is struck with an iron hammer with a blow between his ears, and he lets out a scream that is heard by those near him, other than the two weighty beings.” This is the hadith of al-Firyābī; narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ, who said: Khalīfa said to me: Yazīd ibn Zurayʿ narrated to us, and he mentioned it; and narrated by Muslim on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Minhāl in an abbreviated form, and narrated by Shaybān ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān on the authority of Qatāda.
[11]
١٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثَنَا شَيْبَانُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: قَالَ نَبِيُّ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ ٱلْعَبْدَ إِذَا وُضِعَ فِي قَبْرِهِ وَتَوَلَّى عَنْهُ أَصْحَابُهُ إِنَّهُ لَيَسْمَعُ قَرْعَ نِعَالِهِمْ» قَالَ: «يَأْتِيهِ مَلَكَانِ فَيُقْعِدَانِهِ، فَيَقُولَانِ: مَا كُنْتَ تَقُولُ فِي هَٰذَا ٱلرَّجُلِ؟ فَأَمَّا ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ فَيَقُولُ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّهُ عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ فَيُقَالُ: ٱنْظُرْ إِلَى مَقْعَدِكَ مِنَ ٱلنَّارِ قَدْ أَبْدَلَكَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِ مَقْعَدًا مِنَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ» قَالَ نَبِيُّ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «فَيُرَاهُمَا جَمِيعًا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ.
16. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad narrated to us: Shaybān narrated to us on the authority of Qatāda: Anas ibn Mālik – may Allah be pleased with him – narrated to us: The Prophet of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Indeed, when the servant is placed in his grave and his companions depart from him, he certainly hears the tread of their sandals. Two angels come to him and seat him up, and they say: ‘What did you used to say about this man?’ As for the believer, he says: ‘I bear witness that he is the servant of Allah and His Messenger.’ It is then said: ‘Look at your seat from the Fire; Allah has replaced it for you with a seat from Paradise.’” The Prophet of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
So he is shown both.” Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ.
[12]
١٧ - كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، ثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، وَأَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عِيسَى، نَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ، ثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ ٱلْحَجَّاجِ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، ثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، نَا شَيْبَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ وَزَادَ فِيٓ ءَاخِرِهِ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: وَذَكَرَ لَنَا أَنَّهُ: «يُفْسَحُ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ سَبْعُونَ ذِرَٰعًا وَيُمْلَأُ عَلَيْهِ خُضْرًا إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ» وَعَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ
17. Likewise ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yazīd and Abū Aḥmad ibn ʿĪsā narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Sufyān narrated to us: Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj narrated to us: ʿAbd ibn Ḥumayd narrated to us: Yūnus ibn Muḥammad narrated to us: Shaybān ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān narrated to us, transmitting the same [hadith] and adding at its end: Qatāda said: “And it was mentioned to us that: ‘His grave is widened for him seventy cubits, and it is filled with greenery for him until the Day they are resurrected.’” And [a similar narration is reported] on the authority of Asmāʾ bint Abī Bakr, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
[13]
١٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلْفَقِيهُ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ٱلْحُسَيْنِ ٱلْعَدْلُ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ٱلْمُزَكِّي، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ٱلْعَبْدِيُّ، ثَنَا ٱبْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ ٱلْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: أَتَيْتُ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ خَسَفَتِ ٱلشَّمْسُ، فَإِذَا ٱلنَّاسُ قِيَامٌ يُصَلُّونَ، وَإِذَا هِيَ قَائِمَةٌ قَالَتْ: فَقُلْتُ مَا لِلنَّاسِ؟ فَأَشَارَتْ بِيَدِهَا إِلَى ٱلسَّمَاءِ، وَقَالَتْ: سُبْحَانَ ٱللَّهِ، فَقُلْتُ: آيَةٌ؟ فَأَشَارَتْ أَنْ نَعَمْ، فَقُمْتُ حَتَّى تَجَلَّانِيَ ٱلْغَشْيُ، فَجَعَلْتُ أَصُبُّ فَوْقَ رَأْسِيَ ٱلْمَاءَ، فَلَمَّا ٱنْصَرَفَ حَمِدَ ٱللَّهَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «مَا مِنْ شَيْءٍ كُنْتُ لَمْ أَرَهْ إِلَّا وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ فِي مَقَامِي هَذَا حَتَّى ٱلْجَنَّةَ وَٱلنَّارَ، وَلَقَدْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ أَنَّكُمْ تُفْتَنُونَ فِي ٱلْقُبُورِ مِثْلَ أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ، فَأَمَّا ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ أَوِ ٱلْمُوقِنُ، لَا أَدْرِي أَيَّ ذَٰلِكَ قَالَتْ أَسْمَاءُ، فَيَقُولُ: هُوَ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ جَاءَنَا بِٱلْبَيِّنَاتِ وَٱلْهُدَى فَأَجَبْنَا وَآمَنَّا وَٱتَّبَعْنَا، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: نَمْ صَالِحًا قَدْ عَلِمْنَا إِنْ كُنْتَ لَمُؤْمِنًا، وَأَمَّا ٱلْمُنَافِقُ أَوِ ٱلْمُرْتَابُ، لَا أَدْرِي أَيَّ ذَٰلِكَ قَالَتْ أَسْمَاءُ، فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي سَمِعْتُ ٱلنَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ شَيْئًا فَقُلْتُ» رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ ٱلْقَعْنَبِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ.
18. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Isḥāq al-Faqīh informed us: Muḥammad ibn Ghālib informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Maslama narrated to us on the authority of Mālik; [alternatively] Abū Aḥmad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-ʿAdl informed us: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Muzakkī informed us: Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-ʿAbdī narrated to us: Ibn Bukayr narrated to us: Mālik narrated to us on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa, on the authority of Fāṭima bint al-Mundhir, on the authority of Asmāʾ bint Abī Bakr – may Allah be pleased with her – who said: I came to ʿĀʾisha, the wife of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – during a solar eclipse, and the people were standing in prayer, and she was also standing. I asked, “What is the matter with the people?” She signaled with her hand toward the sky and said, “Glory be to Allah!” I asked, “A sign?” She signaled in the affirmative. So I stood until I was overcome by faintness, and I began to pour water over my head. When the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – finished, he praised Allah and extolled Him, then he said: “
There is nothing I had not previously seen except that I have seen it in this place of mine, even Paradise and the Fire. It has been revealed to me that you will be tested in your graves like, or close to, the trial of the False Messiah. As for the believer or the one with firm conviction” – I do not know which of these [words] Asmāʾ said – “
he will say: ‘He is Muḥammad, the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who came to us with clear proofs and guidance, so we responded, believed, and followed.’ It will be said to him: ‘Sleep righteously, for we knew that you were indeed a believer.’ But as for the hypocrite or the doubter” – I do not know which of these [words] Asmāʾ said – “
he will say: ‘I do not know; I heard the people saying something, so I said it.’” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Maslama al-Qaʿnabī, and narrated by Muslim from another path on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa.
[14]
١٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ٱلْخَلِيلِ ٱلْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلْخَطْمِيُّ ٱلْقَاضِي، ثَنَا مِنْجَابُ بْنُ ٱلْحَارِثِ، أَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ وَفِي آخِرِهِ: «وَإِنَّهُ قَدْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ أَنَّكُمْ تُفْتَنُونَ فِي ٱلْقَبْرِ مِثْلَ أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْمَسِيحِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ يُؤْتَى أَحَدُكُمْ فَيَقُولُ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي هَٰذَا ٱلرَّجُلِ؟ فَأَمَّا ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ فَيَقُولُ: هُوَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ مُحَمَّدٌ جَاءَنَا بِٱلْبَيِّنَاتِ وَٱلْهُدَى فَأَجَبْنَا وَٱتَّبَعْنَا، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: نَمْ صَالِحًا إِنْ كُنَّا لَنَعْلَمُ إِنْ كُنْتَ لَتُؤْمِنُ بِهِ، وَأَمَّا ٱلْمُنَافِقُ أَوِ ٱلْمُرْتَابُ فَيَقُولُ: مَا أَدْرِي سَمِعْتُ ٱلنَّاسَ قَالُوا شَيْئًا، فَقُلْتُ كَمَا قَالُوا فَيُعَذَّبُ فِي قَبْرِهِ» وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَٰلِكَ عَنِ ٱلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُفَسَّرًا وَمَشْرُوحًا
19. And Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn al-Khalīl al-Aṣbahānī informed us: Mūsā ibn Isḥāq al-Khaṭmī al-Qāḍī narrated to us: Minjāb ibn al-Ḥārith narrated to us: ʿAlī ibn Mushir informed us on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa, and he mentioned it with his chain of transmission and its meaning, and at the end of it [is the addition]: “
And indeed, it has been revealed to me that you will be tested in the grave like, or close to, the trial of the False Messiah. One of you will be approached, and it will be said: ‘What do you say about this man?’ As for the believer, he will say: ‘He is the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and he is Muḥammad; he came to us with clear proofs and guidance, so we responded and followed.’ It will be said to him: ‘Sleep righteously, for we indeed knew that you truly believed in him.’ But as for the hypocrite or the doubter, he will say: ‘I do not know; I heard the people say something, so I said as they said.’ Then he will be punished in his grave.” And it has also been narrated from al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – in a detailed and explanatory form.
[15]
٢٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنِ الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ زَاذَانَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ حَدَّثَنَاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، سَمِعَهُ مِنَ الْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ زَاذَانَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ أَتَمُّهُمَا، قَالَ الْبَرَاءُ خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي جِنَازَةِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَانْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى الْقَبْرِ وَلَمَّا يُلْحَدْ، فَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَجَلَسْنَا حَوْلَهُ كَأَنَّمَا عَلَى رُءُوسِنَا الطَّيْرُ، فَجَعَلَ يَرْفَعُ بَصَرَهُ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَيَخْفِضُ بَصَرَهُ وَيَنْظُرُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ» قَالَهَا مِرَارًا ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ الْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي قِبَلٍ مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ وَانْقِطَاعٍ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا جَاءَهُ مَلَكٌ، فَجَلَسَ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ، فَيَقُولُ: اخْرُجِي أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانٍ، فَتَخْرُجُ نَفْسُهُ فَتَسِيلُ كَمَا يَسِيلُ قَطْرُ السَّمَاءِ، قَالَ عَمْرٌو فِي حَدِيثِهِ: لَمْ يَقُلْهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَرَوْنَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ، وَتَنْزِلُ مَلَائِكَةٌ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ بِيضُ الْوُجُوهِ كَأَنَّ وُجُوهَهُمُ الشَّمْسُ، مَعَهُمْ أَكْفَانٌ مِنْ أَكْفَانِ الْجَنَّةِ وَحَنُوطٌ مِنْ حَنُوطِهَا فَيَجْلِسُونَ مِنْهُ مَدَّ الْبَصَرِ، فَإِذَا قَبَضَهَا لَمْ يَدَعُوهَا فِي يَدِهِ طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ ﴿تَوَفَّتْهُ رُسُلُنَا وَهُمْ لَا يُفَرِّطُونَ﴾ [الْأَنْعَامِ: ٦١] قَالَ: فَتَخْرُجُ نَفْسُهُ كَأَطْيَبِ رِيحٍ وُجِدَتْ، فَتَعْرُجُ بِهِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ فَلَا يَأْتُونَ عَلَى جُنْدٍ فِيمَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ إِلَّا قَالُوا: مَا هَذِهِ الرُّوحُ؟ فَيُقَالُ: فُلَانٌ بِأَحْسَنِ أَسْمَائِهِ حَتَّى يَنْتَهُوا إِلَى أَبْوَابِ سَمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا فَيُفْتَحَ لَهُ وَتُشَيِّعَهُ مِنْ كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ مُقَرَّبُوهَا حَتَّى يُنْتَهَى بِهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ السَّابِعَةِ، فَيُقَالُ: اكْتُبُوا كِتَابَهُ فِي عِلِّيِّينَ، ثُمَّ يُقَالُ: رُدُّوهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَإِنِّي وَعَدْتُهُمْ أَنِّي مِنْهَا خَلَقْتُهُمْ ﴿وَفِيهَا نُعِيدُكُمْ وَمِنْهَا نُخْرِجُكُمْ تَارَةً أُخْرَى﴾ [طَهَ: ٥٥] قَالَ: فَيُرَدُّ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَتُعَادُ رُوحُهُ فِي جَسَدِهِ وَيَأْتِيهِ مَلَكَانِ شَدِيدَا الِانْتِهَارِ فَيَنْتَهِرَانِهِ وَيُجْلِسَانِهِ، فَيَقُولَانِ: مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟ وَمَا دِينُكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّيَ اللَّهُ وَدِينِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ، فَيَقُولَانِ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي بُعِثَ فِيكُمْ؟ فَيَقُولُ: هُوَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، فَيَقُولَانِ وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: جَاءَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ مِنْ رَبِّنَا فَآمَنْتُ بِهِ وَصَدَّقْتُهُ قَالَ: وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ ﴿يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ﴾ [إِبْرَاهِيمَ: ٢٧] ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَيُنَادِي مُنَادٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ أَنْ قَدْ صَدَقَ عَبْدِي فَأَلْبِسُوهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَافْرُشُوهُ مِنْهَا، وَأَرُوهُ مَنْزِلَهُ فِيهَا، فَيَلْبِسُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَيُفْرَشُ مِنْهَا، وَيَرَى مَنْزِلَهُ فِيهَا، وَيُفْسَحُ لَهُ مَدَّ بَصَرِهِ وَيَمْثُلُ لَهُ عَمَلُهُ فِي صُورَةِ رَجُلٍ حَسَنِ الْوَجْهِ طَيِّبِ الرِّيحِ حَسَنِ الثِّيَابِ، فَيَقُولُ: أَبْشِرْ بِمَا أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ، أَبْشِرْ بِرِضْوَانٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَجَنَّاتٍ فِيهَا نُعَيْمٌ مُقِيمٌ، فَيَقُولُ: بَشَّرَكَ اللَّهُ بِخَيْرٍ، مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ فَوَجْهُكَ الْوَجْهُ الَّذِي جَاءَنَا بِالْخَيْرِ، فَيَقُولُ: هَذَا يَوْمُكَ الَّذِي كُنْتَ تُوعَدُ، أَنَا عَمَلُكَ الصَّالِحُ، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا عَلِمْتُكَ إِلَّا كُنْتَ سَرِيعًا فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ بَطِيئًا فِي مَعْصِيَتِهِ، فَيَجْزَاكَ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا، فَيَقُولُ: يَا رَبِّ أَقِمِ السَّاعَةَ كَيْ أَرْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِي وَمَالِي قَالَ: وَإِنْ كَانَ كَافِرًا فَاجِرًا وَكَانَ فِي قِبَلٍ مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ وَانْقِطَاعٍ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا جَاءَهُ مَلَكٌ فَجَلَسَ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ، فَقَالَ: اخْرُجِي أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْخَبِيثَةُ، أَبْشِرِي بِسَخَطِ اللَّهِ وَغَضَبِهِ، فَتَنْزِلُ مَلَائِكَةٌ سُودُ الْوُجُوهِ مَعَهُمْ مُسُوحٌ، فَإِذَا قَبَضَهَا الْمَلَكُ قَامُوا فَلَمْ يَدَعُوهَا فِي يَدِهِ طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ قَالَ: فَتَفَرَّقُ فِي جَسَدِهِ فَيَسْتَخْرِجُهَا تُقْطَعُ مَعَهَا الْعُرُوقُ وَالْعَصْبُ كَالسَّفُّودِ الْكَثِيرِ الشُّعَبِ فِي الصُّوفِ الْمَبْلُولِ، فَتُؤْخَذُ مِنَ الْمَلَكِ فَتَخْرُجُ كَأَنْتَنِ رِيحٍ وُجِدَتْ، فَلَا تَمُرُّ عَلَى جُنْدٍ فِيمَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، إِلَّا قَالُوا: مَا هَذِهِ الرُّوحُ الْخَبِيثَةُ، فَيَقُولُونَ: هَذَا فُلَانٌ بِأَسْوَإِ أَسْمَائِهِ حَتَّى يَنْتَهُوا بِهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا فَلَا يُفْتَحُ لَهُ، فَيَقُولُ: رُدُّوهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ إِنِّي وَعَدْتُهُمْ أَنِّي مِنْهَا خَلَقْتُهُمْ وَفِيهَا نُعِيدُهُمْ وَمِنْهَا نُخْرِجُهُمْ تَارَةً أُخْرَى قَالَ: فَيُرْمَى مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، فَتَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ ﴿وَمَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَكَأَنَّمَا خَرَّ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتَخْطَفُهُ الطَّيْرُ أَوْ تَهْوِي بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِي مَكَانٍ سَحِيقٍ﴾ [الْحَجِّ: ٣١] قَالَ: فَيُعَادُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ وَتُعَادُ فِيهِ رُوحُهُ وَيَأْتِيهِ مَلَكَانِ شَدِيدَا الِانْتِهَارِ فَيَنْتَهِرَانِهِ وَيُجْلِسَانِهِ، فَيَقُولَانِ: فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي بُعِثَ فِيكُمْ؟ فَلَا يَهْتَدِي لِاسْمِهِ، وَيُقَالُ: مُحَمَّدٌ؟ فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي، سَمِعْتُ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ ذَلِكَ، فَيُقَالُ: لَا دَرَيْتَ فَيَضِيقُ عَلَيْهِ قَبْرُهُ حَتَّى تَخْتَلِفَ أَضْلَاعُهُ، وَيَتَمَثَّلُ لَهُ عَمَلُهُ فِي صُورَةِ رَجُلٍ قَبِيحِ الْوَجْهِ مُنْتِنِ الرِّيحِ قَبِيحِ الثِّيَابِ، فَيَقُولُ: أَبْشِرْ بِعَذَابِ اللَّهِ وَسَخَطِهِ، فَيَقُولُ: مَنْ أَنْتَ فَوَجْهُكَ الْوَجْهُ الَّذِي جَاءَنَا بِالشَّرِّ فَيَقُولُ: أَنَا عَمَلُكَ الْخَبِيثُ، وَاللَّهِ مَا عَلِمْتُكَ إِلَّا كُنْتَ بَطِيئًا فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ، سَرِيعًا فِي مَعْصِيَتِهِ» قَالَ عَمْرٌو فِي حَدِيثِهِ: عَنْ مِنْهَالٍ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فَيُقَيَّضُ لَهُ أَصَمُّ أَبْكَمُ مَعَهُ مِرْزَبَّةٌ لَوْ ضُرِبَ بِهَا فِيلٌ صَارَ تُرَابًا، أَوْ قَالَ رَمِيمًا، فَيَضْرِبُهُ ضَرْبَةً تَسْمَعُهَا الْخَلَائِقُ إِلَّا الثَّقَلَيْنِ، ثُمَّ تُعَادُ فِيهِ الرُّوحُ فَيَضْرِبُهُ ضَرْبَةً أُخْرَى» هَذَا حَدِيثٌ كَبِيرٌ صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ، رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ الثِّقَاتِ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْأَشْعَثَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ.
20. Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Fūrak narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar al-Aṣbahānī informed us: Yūnus ibn Ḥabīb narrated to us: Abū Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī narrated to us: Abū ʿAwāna narrated to us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of al-Minhāl ibn ʿAmr, on the authority of Zādhān, on the authority of al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib – Abū Dāwūd said: ʿUmar ibn Thābit narrated it to us, having heard it from al-Minhāl ibn ʿAmr, on the authority of Zādhān, on the authority of al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib (and the hadith of Abū ʿAwāna is the more complete of the two) who said: We went out with the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – for the funeral of a man from the Anṣār. We reached the grave before the burial niche had been prepared. The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – sat down, and we sat around him as still as if there were birds on our heads. He kept raising his gaze to look toward the sky, then lowering it to look toward the ground. Then he said:
“I seek refuge in Allah from the punishment of the grave.” He said it several times, then he said:
“Verily, when the believing servant is departing from this world and advancing toward the Hereafter, an angel comes to him, sits at his head, and says: ‘Come out, O tranquil soul, to forgiveness from Allah and His pleasure.’ His soul then comes out, flowing like a drop of rain from the sky” – ʿAmr included in his narration, though Abū ʿAwāna did not say it: ‘even if you perceive otherwise’ –
“and angels descend from heaven with white faces, as if their faces were the sun. With them are shrouds from the shrouds of Paradise and embalming fragrance from the fragrance of Paradise. They sit at a distance from him as far as the eye can see. When the angel takes the soul, they do not leave it in his hand for even the blink of an eye.[16]
That is [the meaning of] His saying: Our messengers take him, and they do not fail [al-Anʿām: 61].” He continued:
“His soul then comes out like the sweetest fragrance ever found. The angels ascend with him, and they do not pass by any host of angels between heaven and earth without them asking: ‘What is this soul?’ It is said: ‘So-and-so,’ using the best of his names, until they reach the lowest heaven. It is opened for him, and those brought near [to Allah] of every heaven escort him to the next, until he is brought to the seventh heaven. It is said: ‘Write his record in ʿIlliyyīn.’[17]
Then it is said: ‘Return him to the earth, for I promised them that from it I created them, "and into it We shall return you, and from it We shall extract you another time."'"[18]
[Ṭāhā: 55] He continued:
“So he is returned to the earth, and his soul is returned to his body. Two angels, severe and stern in rebuke, come to him, rouse him sternly, sit him up, and ask him: ‘Who is your Lord? And what is your religion?’ He says: ‘My Lord is Allah, and my religion is Islam.’ They ask: ‘What do you say about this man who was sent among you?’ He says: ‘He is the Messenger of Allah.’ They ask: ‘And how did you know?’ He says: ‘He came to us with clear proofs from our Lord, so I believed in him and affirmed his truthfulness.’” He said:
“And that is [the meaning of] His saying: Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life and in the Hereafter [Ibrāhīm: 27].” Then he said:
“A caller will call out from heaven: ‘My servant has spoken the truth, so clothe him from Paradise, furnish his grave from it, and show him his place in it.’ He is then clothed from Paradise, his grave is furnished from it, he sees his place in it, and it is expanded for him as far as his eye can see. His deeds will appear to him in the form of a man with a handsome face, a pleasant scent, and beautiful garments, who will say: ‘Rejoice in what Allah has prepared for you; rejoice in the pleasure of Allah and gardens containing everlasting delight.’ He will say: ‘May Allah give you glad tidings; who are you? For your face is the face that brings good.’ He will say: ‘This is your day which you were promised. I am your righteous deeds. By Allah, I only knew you to be quick in obeying Allah and slow in disobeying Him, so may Allah reward you with good.’ Then he will say: ‘O Lord, establish the Hour so that I may return to my family and my wealth.’” He said:
“But if he was a disbelieving, wicked person, and is departing from this world and advancing toward the Hereafter, an angel comes to him, sits at his head, and says: ‘Come out, O wicked soul; receive the tidings of Allah’s displeasure and wrath.’ Angels with black faces descend, bringing with them sackcloth. When the angel takes the soul, they stand up and do not leave it in his hand for even the blink of an eye.” He said:
“The wicked soul disperses throughout his body,[19]
so the angel rips it out, tearing away the veins and nerves with it, like a multi-pronged skewer being pulled through wet wool. It is taken from the angel and comes out smelling like the most putrid stench ever found. They do not pass by any host of angels between heaven and earth without them asking: ‘What is this wicked soul?’ They say: ‘This is so-and-so,’ using the worst of his names, until they bring him to the lowest heaven. It is not opened for him, and it is said: ‘Return him to the earth, for I promised them that from it I created them, and into it I shall return them, and from it I shall extract them another time.’” He said:
“So he is thrown down from heaven,” then he recited this verse:
“And whoever associates with Allah – it is as though he had fallen from the sky and was snatched by the birds or the wind carried him down into a remote place.” [al-Ḥajj: 31] He said:
“He is returned to the earth, and his soul is returned into him. Two angels, severe and stern in their rebuke, come to him, rebuke him harshly, sit him up, and ask him: ‘What do you say about this man who was sent among you?’ But he is not guided to his name, until it is said: ‘Muḥammad?’ He says: ‘I do not know; I heard the people saying that.’ It is said: ‘May you never know!’ Then his grave is compressed upon him until his ribs interlace. His deeds will appear to him in the form of an ugly man with a putrid scent and hideous garments, who will say: ‘Receive the tidings of Allah’s punishment and His wrath.’ He will say: ‘Who are you? For your face is the face that brings evil.’ He will say: ‘I am your wicked deeds. By Allah, I only knew you to be slow in obeying Allah and quick in disobeying Him.’” ʿAmr said in his narration, on the authority of Minhāl, on the authority of Zādhān, on the authority of al-Barāʾ, from the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace:
“Then a deaf and mute angel is appointed over him, carrying an iron hammer which, if struck upon an elephant, would turn it to dust” – or he said:
“to crushed bones” –
“He strikes him with a blow that is heard by all creation except for the two races [mankind and jinn]. Then his soul is returned into him, and he strikes him with another blow.” This is a major hadith with an authentic chain of transmission; it was narrated by a group of reliable imams on the authority of al-Aʿmash, and Abū Dāwūd Sulaymān ibn al-Ashʿath al-Sijistānī recorded it in his book of Sunan.
[20]
٢١ - كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ ٱلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ٱلرُّوذَبَارِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّزَّاقِ ٱلْمَعْرُوفُ بِٱبْنِ دَاسَةَ، نَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ٱلسِّجِسْتَانِيُّ، نَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثَنَا جَرِيرٌ ح قَالَ: وَثَنَا هَنَّادُ بْنُ ٱلسَّرِيِّ، ثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ ٱلْأَعْمَشِ، عَنِ ٱلْمِنْهَالِ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ، عَنِ ٱلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ فِي جِنَازَةِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ ٱلْأَنْصَارِ، فَٱنْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى ٱلْقَبْرِ وَلَمَّا يُلْحَدُ، فَذَكَرَ ٱلْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوٍ مِنْهُ، وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ أَتَمُّ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي ذِكْرِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِ: زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةِ جَرِيرٍ، فَذَٰلِكَ قَوْلُ ٱللَّهِ ﷿ ﴿يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧] ٱلْآيَةُ، وَقَالَ فِي ذِكْرِ ٱلْكَافِرِ: زَادَ فِي حَدِيثِ جَرِيرٍ قَالَ: «ثُمَّ يُقَيَّضُ لَهُ أَعْمَىٰ أَبْكَمُ مَعَهُ مِرْزَبَّةٌ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ لَوْ ضُرِبَ بِهَا جَبَلٌ لَصَارَ تُرَابًا قَالَ: فَيَضْرِبُهُ بِهَا بِضَرْبَةٍ يَسْمَعُهَا مَا بَيْنَ ٱلْمَشْرِقِ وَٱلْمَغْرِبِ إِلَّا ٱلثَّقَلَيْنِ فَيَصِيرُ تُرَابًا» قَالَ: «ثُمَّ تُعَادُ فِيهِ ٱلرُّوحُ»
21. As Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Rūdhabārī informed us: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Bakr ibn ʿAbd al-Razzāq, known as ibn Dāsa, informed us: Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī narrated to us: ʿUthmān ibn Abī Shayba narrated to us: Jarīr narrated to us; [alternatively] he said: and Hannād ibn al-Sarī narrated to us: Abū Muʿāwiya narrated to us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of al-Minhāl, on the authority of Zādhān, on the authority of al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib, who said: We went out with the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – to attend the funeral of a man among the Anṣār, and we reached the grave when it had not yet been dug. He then mentioned the hadith similar to it, though the hadith of Abū ʿAwāna is more complete. Abū Dāwūd said concerning the mention of the believer: In the transmission of Jarīr he added: “That is the [meaning of] the statement of Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – '
Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life and in the Hereafter...'" [Ibrāhīm: 27] And concerning the mention of the disbeliever he said: In the hadith of Jarīr he added: He said: “
Then there is appointed for him a blind and dumb [angel] who carries an iron hammer, which, if a mountain were struck with it, would turn to dust.” He said: “
So he strikes him with it a blow that is heard by everything between the East and the West except jinn and men, and he turns to dust.” He said: “
Then his spirit is restored to him.”
[21]
٢٢ - وَرَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ ٱلْمِنْهَالِ مِثْلَ رِوَايَةِ ٱلْأَعْمَشِ، أَبُو خَالِدٍ ٱلدَّالَانِيُّ وَعَمْرُو بْنُ قَيْسٍ ٱلْمُلَائِيُّ وَٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلنَّخَعِيُّ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ خَبَّابٍ، عَنِ ٱلْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ زَاذَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي ٱلْبَخْتَرِيِّ ٱلطَّائِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ٱلْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ
22. A group [of scholars] narrated it from al-Minhāl, similar to the narration of al-Aʿmash: Abū Khālid al-Dālāni, ʿAmr ibn Qays al-Mulāʾī, and al-Ḥasan ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Nakhaʿī, all on the authority of Yūnus ibn Khabbāb, on the authority of al-Minhāl ibn ʿAmr, on the authority of Zādhān, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Bakhtarī al-Ṭāʾī, who said: I heard al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib [narrate it], and he mentioned it.
٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحُسَيْنِ عَبْدُ ٱلصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُكْرَمٍ ٱلْبَزَّازُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، ثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ، ثَنَا أَبُو إِبْرَاهِيمَ ٱلتَّرْجُمَانِيُّ، ثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ صَفْوَانَ، ثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ خَبَّابٍ فَذَكَرَهُ، قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ: ذِكْرُ أَبِي ٱلْبَخْتَرِيِّ فِي هَٰذَا ٱلْحَدِيثِ وَهْمٌ لِإِجْمَاعِ ٱلثِّقَاتِ عَلَىٰ رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ خَبَّابٍ عَنِ ٱلْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ زَاذَانَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ٱلْبَرَاءَ،
23. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Ṣamad ibn ʿAlī ibn Mukram al-Bazzāz narrated to us in Baghdad: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Bishrān narrated to us: Abū Ibrāhīm al-Tarjumānī narrated to us: Shuʿayb ibn Ṣafwān narrated to us: Yūnus ibn Khabbāb narrated to us, and he mentioned it. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ said: The mention of Abū ʾl-Bakhtarī in this hadith is an error due to the consensus of the trustworthy transmitters on its narration on the authority of Yūnus ibn Khabbāb, on the authority of al-Minhāl ibn ʿAmr, on the authority of Zādhān, that he heard al-Barāʾ [narrating it].
٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَٰهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَٰفِظُ، ثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نُصَيْرٍ ٱلْخَلَدِيُّ، إِمْلَاءً، ثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ، ثَنَا إِبْرَٰهِيمُ بْنُ زِيَٰادٍ سَبَلَٰانُ، ثَنَا عَبَّٰادُ بْنُ عَبَّٰادٍ قَالَ أَتَيْتُ يُونُسَ بْنَ خَبَّٰابٍ بِمِنًى عِنْدَ ٱلْمَنَٰارَةِ وَهُوَ يَقُصُّ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ حَدِيثِ عَذَٰبِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، فَحَدَّثَنِي بِهِ عَنِ ٱلْمِنْهَٰالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ زَاذَٰانَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ٱلْبَرَآءَ بْنَ عَٰزِبٍ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ فِي جِنَٰزَةٍ، فَذَكَرَ ٱلْحَدِيثَ، وَرَوَٰاهُ مَعْمَرٌ، وَمَهْدِيُّ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ خَبَّٰابٍ عَنِ ٱلْمِنْهَٰالِ عَنْ زَاذَٰانَ عَنِ ٱلْبَرَآءِ نَحْوَ رِوَٰايَةِ ٱلْجَمَٰاعَةِ، وَرَوَٰاهُ عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ٱلْأَعْمَشِ، فَبَيَّنَ فِي ٱلْحَدِيثِ سَمَٰاعَ زَاذَٰانَ عَنِ ٱلْبَرَآءِ كَمَا بَيَّنَهُ عَبَّٰادُ بْنُ عَبَّٰادٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ.
24. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Nuṣayr al-Khaladī narrated to us, by dictation: ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn Ziyād Sabalān narrated to us: ʿAbbād ibn ʿAbbād narrated to us, saying: I came to Yūnus ibn Khabbāb at Minā by the signpost while he was preaching, and I asked him about the hadith regarding the punishment of the grave, so he narrated it to me on the authority of al-Minhāl ibn ʿAmr, on the authority of Zādhān, that he heard al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib say: “We went out with the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – for a funeral,” and he mentioned the hadith. Maʿmar and Mahdī ibn Maymūn also narrated it on the authority of Yūnus ibn Khabbāb, on the authority of al-Minhāl, on the authority of Zādhān, on the authority of al-Barāʾ, similar to the narration of the group. ʿAbd Allāh ibn Numayr also narrated it on the authority of al-Aʿmash, and he clarified in the hadith that Zādhān heard it from al-Barāʾ, just as ʿAbbād ibn ʿAbbād clarified on the authority of Yūnus.
٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ، ثَنَا أَبِي، ثَنَا ٱلْأَعْمَشُ، عَنِ ٱلْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ زَاذَانَ أَبِي عُمَرَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ٱلْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ ٱلْحَدِيثَ.
25. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Numayr narrated to us: my father narrated to us: al-Aʿmash narrated to us on the authority of al-Minhāl ibn ʿAmr, on the authority of Zādhān Abū ʿUmar who said: I heard al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib say: “We went out with the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace” and he mentioned the [rest of the] hadith.
٢٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذَبَارِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثَنَا هَنَّادُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، ثَنَا ٱلْأَعْمَشُ، نَا ٱلْمِنْهَالُ، عَنْ أَبِي عُمَرَ زَاذَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ٱلْبَرَاءَ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: فَذَكَرَ بِنَحْوِهِ، وَرَوَاهُ زَائِدَةُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ عَنِ ٱلْأَعْمَشِ، فَبَيَّنَ سَمَاعَ ٱلْمِنْهَالِ مِنْ زَاذَانَ وَسَمَاعَ زَاذَانَ عَنِ ٱلْبَرَاءِ.
26. Abū ʿAlī al-Rūdhabārī informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Dāsa narrated to us: Abū Dāwūd narrated to us: Hannād ibn al-Sarī narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Numayr narrated to us: al-Aʿmash narrated to us: al-Minhāl narrated to us on the authority of Abū ʿUmar Zādhān who said: I heard al-Barāʾ [narrate] from the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and he mentioned something similar to it. It was also narrated by Zāʾida ibn Qudāma, on the authority of al-Aʿmash, in which he explicitly established al-Minhāl’s direct hearing from Zādhān and Zādhān’s direct hearing from al-Barāʾ.
٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ ٱلضَّبِّيُّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ يَعْلَى بْنِ رَجَاءٍ، ثَنَا زَائِدَةُ، عَنِ ٱلْأَعْمَشِ، عَنِ ٱلْمِنْهَالِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، نَا زَاذَانُ، نَا ٱلْبَرَاءُ قَالَ: «خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ فِي جِنَازَةِ رَجُلٍ مِّنَ ٱلْأَنْصَارِ، فَٱنْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى ٱلْقَبْرِ، وَلَمَّا يُلْحَدُ»، وَذَكَرَ ٱلْحَدِيثَ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ عَنِ ٱلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ فِي هَٰذِهِ ٱلْقِصَّةِ نَحْوًا مِّنْ رِوَايَةِ زَاذَانَ عَنِ ٱلْبَرَاءِ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ،
27. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd informed us: ʿUthmān ibn ʿUmar al-Ḍabbī narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yaʿlā ibn Rajāʾ narrated to us: Zāʾida narrated to us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of al-Minhāl ibn ʿAmr: Zādhān informed us: al-Barāʾ informed us, saying: “We went out with the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – for the funeral of a man from the Anṣār, and we reached the grave before the niche had been dug,” and he mentioned the hadith. And it was narrated on the authority of ʿAdī ibn Thābit, on the authority of al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib regarding this story, similarly to the narration of Zādhān on the authority of al-Barāʾ; and it was narrated on the authority of Abū Ḥāzim, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْعُمَرِيُّ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ ٱلْمُنْذِرِ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، نَحْوًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ ٱلْبَرَاءِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «ٱرْقُدْ رَقْدَةَ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ» وَيُقَالُ لِلْفَاجِرِ: «ٱرْقُدْ مَنْهُوشًا» قَالَ: فَمَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ إِلَّا وَلَهَا فِي جَسَدِهِ نَصِيبٌ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ﵄ مِنْ وَجْهٍ ءَاخَرَ
28. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿUmarī narrated to me: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: ʿAlī ibn al-Mundhir narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Fuḍayl narrated to us: my father narrated to me on the authority of Abū Ḥāzim, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – similar to the hadith of al-Barāʾ, except that he said: “Sleep the sleep of the God-fearing believers,” and it is said to the wicked: “Sleep bitten [by creatures].” He said: “There is no creature but that it has a share of his body.” And it was narrated on the authority of ʿĀʾisha and Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with them both – from another route.
٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، ثَنَا سَعْدَانُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثَنَا شَبَابَةُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ، ثَنَا ٱبْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ ذَكْوَانَ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: دَخَلَتْ عَلَيَّ يَهُودِيَّةٌ، فَقَالَتْ: أَطْعِمِينِي، أَعَاذَكِ ٱللَّهُ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ وَفِتْنَةِ ٱلْقَبْرِ قَالَتْ: فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أَحْبِسُهَا حَتَّى جَاءَ ٱلنَّبِيُّ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ، مَا تَقُولُ هَذِهِ ٱلْيَهُودِيَّةُ؟ قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا تَقُولُ» قُلْتُ: «تَقُولُ: أَعَاذَكِ ٱللَّهُ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ وَفِتْنَةِ ٱلْقَبْرِ» فَقَامَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ، فَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ مَدًّا يَسْتَعِيذُ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ وَفِتْنَةِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «فَأَمَّا ٱلدَّجَّالُ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ نَبِيٌّ إِلَّا قَدْ حَذَّرَ أُمَّتَهُ وَسَأُحَذِّرُكُمُوهُ تَحْذِيرًا لَمْ يُحَذِّرْهُ نَبِيٌّ أُمَّتَهُ، إِنَّهُ أَعْوَرُ، وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِأَعْوَرَ، مَكْتُوبٌ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ كَافِرٌ، يَقْرَأُهُ كُلُّ مُؤْمِنٍ وَأَمَّا فِتْنَةُ ٱلْقَبْرِ فَبِي تُفْتَنُونَ وَعَنِّي تُسْأَلُونَ، فَإِذَا كَانَ ٱلرَّجُلُ ٱلصَّالِحُ أُجْلِسَ فِي قَبْرِهِ غَيْرَ فَزِعٍ وَلَا مَشْعُوفٍ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: فِيمَ كُنْتَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: فِي ٱلْإِسْلَامِ فَيُقَالُ: مَا هَذَا ٱلرَّجُلُ؟ فَيَقُولُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ جَاءَنَا بِٱلْبَيِّنَاتِ مِنْ عِنْدِ ٱللَّهِ، فَآمَنَّا وَصَدَّقْنَا، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: هَلْ رَأَيْتَ ٱللَّهَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: مَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَرَى ٱللَّهَ ﷿، فَيُفْرَجُ لَهُ فُرْجَةٌ قِبَلَ ٱلنَّارِ فَيَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهَا يَحْطِمُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: ٱنْظُرْ إِلَى مَا وَقَاكَ ٱللَّهُ ﷿، ثُمَّ يُفْرَجُ لَهُ فُرْجَةٌ قِبَلَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ فَيَنْظُرُ إِلَى مَا فِيهَا مِنْ زَهْرَتِهَا، وَمَا فِيهَا فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: هَا هُنَا مَقْعَدُكَ، وَيُقَالُ: عَلَى ٱلْيَقِينِ كُنْتَ وَعَلَيْهِ مِتَّ، وَعَلَيْهِ تُبْعَثُ إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَّهُ، وَإِذَا كَانَ ٱلرَّجُلُ ٱلسُّوءُ أُجْلِسَ فِي قَبْرِهِ فَزِعًا مَشْعُوفًا، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: فِيمَ كُنْتَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي، فَيُقَالُ: مَا هَذَا ٱلرَّجُلُ؟ فَيَقُولُ: سَمِعْنَا ٱلنَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ، فَيُفْرَجُ فُرْجَةٌ قِبَلَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ فَيَنْظُرُ إِلَى زَهْرَتِهَا وَمَا فِيهَا، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: ٱنْظُرْ مَا صَرَفَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْكَ وَيُفَرَّجُ لَهُ فُرْجَةٌ قِبَلَ ٱلنَّارِ، فَيَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهَا يَحْطِمُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا، فَيُقَالُ: هَذَا مَقْعَدُكَ، ثُمَّ يُقَالُ: عَلَى ٱلشَّكِّ كُنْتَ وَعَلَيْهِ مِتَّ وَعَلَيْهِ تُبْعَثُ إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَّهُ» هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَحَدِيثِ شَبَابَةَ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَزَادَ فِي آخِرِ خَبَرَهُ: «قَالَ: وَعَلَيْهِ تُبْعَثُ إِنْ شَاءَ ٱللَّهُ» قَالَ: «ثُمَّ يُعَذَّبُ»،
29. Abū Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf informed us: Abū Saʿīd ibn al-Aʿrābī informed us: Saʿdān ibn Naṣr narrated to us: Shabāba ibn Sawwār narrated to us: Ibn Abī Dhiʾb narrated to us; [alternatively] Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr both informed us, saying: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn Abī Bukayr informed us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Dhiʾb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr ibn ʿAṭāʾ informed us on the authority of Dhakwān, that ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – said: A Jewish woman came to me and said: “
Give me something to eat, may Allah protect you from the trial of the False Messiah and the trial of the grave.” She said: So I kept her waiting until the Prophet arrived, and I said: “O Messenger of Allah, what is this Jewish woman saying?” The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – asked, “
What is she saying?” I replied, “She says, ‘May Allah protect you from the trial of the False Messiah and the trial of the grave.’” Then the Messenger of Allah stood up and raised his hands, outstretching them as he sought refuge from the trial of the False Messiah and the trial of the grave, then he said: “
As for the False Messiah, there has never been a prophet who did not warn his people about him, and I will warn you about him with a warning no prophet has ever given his people: Indeed, he is one-eyed, whereas Allah is not one-eyed. Written between his eyes is ‘disbeliever’ [kāfir], which every believer will be able to read. As for the trial of the grave, regarding me you are tested, and about me you shall be questioned. When a righteous person is seated in his grave, neither frightened nor panicked, he will be asked: ‘What faith were you upon?’ He will answer: ‘I was upon Islam.’ He will be asked: ‘Who is this man?’ He will reply: ‘Muḥammad, the Messenger of Allah. He came to us with clear proofs from Allah, so we believed and accepted the truth.’ He will be asked: ‘Did you see Allah?’ He will answer: ‘It is not possible for anyone to see Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He.’ Then an opening will be made for him toward the Fire, and he will look at it as its parts clash against one another, and it will be said to him: ‘Look at what Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – has saved you from.’ Then an opening will be made for him toward Paradise, and he will look at its splendor and all that it contains, and it will be said to him: ‘This is your abode,’ and it will be said: ‘You lived in certainty, died upon it, and upon it you shall be resurrected, if Allah wills.’ But when a wicked person is seated in his grave, frightened and panicked, he will be asked: ‘What faith were you upon?’ He will answer: ‘I do not know.’ He will be asked: ‘Who is this man?’ He will reply: ‘I heard people saying things [about him].’ Then an opening will be made toward Paradise, and he will look at its splendor and all that it contains, and it will be said to him: ‘Look at what Allah has deprived you of.’ Then an opening will be made for him toward the Fire, and he will look at it as its parts clash against one another, and it will be said: ‘This is your abode.’ Then it will be said: ‘You lived in doubt, died upon it, and upon it you shall be resurrected, if Allah wills.’” This is the wording of the hadith of Yaḥyā ibn Abī Bukayr, while the hadith of Shabāba has the same meaning, and he added at the end of his narration: “He said:
‘And upon it you shall be resurrected, if Allah wills.’” He said: “
Then he will be punished.”
[22]
٣٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ يَعْنِي ٱبْنَ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ، فَذَكَرَ مَا فِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ
30. Abū ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Saʿīd informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn Abī Bukayr narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, meaning ibn Abī Dhiʾb, informed us on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Yasār, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: and he mentioned that which is in the hadith of ʿĀʾisha.
٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي خَلَفُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلْكَرَابِيسِيُّ، ثَنَا صَالِحُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ يَحْيَى، وَحَدَّثَ بِحَدِيثِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، وَفِيهِ ٱللَّفْظَةُ: «فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: هَلْ رَأَيْتَ ٱللَّهَ، فَيَقُولُ: مَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَرَى ٱللَّهَ» قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى: هَذِهِ فِي ٱلدُّنْيَا، فَإِنَّ أَهْلَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ بِأَبْصَارِهِمْ، وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَٰلِكَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ٱلْخُدْرِيِّ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ
31. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Khalaf ibn Muḥammad al-Karābīsī informed me: Ṣāliḥ ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb narrated to us: I heard Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā, and he narrated the hadith of the grave, in which is the phrase: “It will be said to him: ‘Did you see Allah?’ He will say: ‘It is not befitting for anyone to see Allah.’” Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā said: “This is in this world, for the people of Paradise will look upon Allah with their eyes,” and it has been narrated to that effect on the authority of Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَحْمَشٍ ٱلْفَقِيهُ، أَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلصَّفَّارُ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، ثَنَا أَبِي، نَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ، ثَنَا عَبَّادٌ يَعْنِي ٱبْنَ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَصْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ٱلْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: شَهِدْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ جِنَازَةً، فَقَالَ: «يَا أَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ، إِنَّ هَذِهِ ٱلْأُمَّةَ تُبْتَلَى فِي قُبُورِهَا، فَإِذَا ٱلْإِنْسَانُ دُفِنَ فَتَفَرَّقَ عَنْهُ أَصْحَابُهُ جَاءَهُ مَلَكٌ فِي يَدِهِ مِطْرَاقٌ، فَأَقْعَدَهُ فَقَالَ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا ٱلرَّجُلِ؟ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُؤْمِنًا قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ: صَدَقْتَ، ثُمَّ يُفْرَجُ لَهُ بَابٌ إِلَى ٱلنَّارِ، فَيَقُولُ: هَذَا كَانَ مَنْزِلُكَ لَوْ كَفَرْتَ بِرَبِّكَ، فَأَمَّا إِذْ آمَنْتَ بِهِ فَهَذَا مَنْزِلُكَ، فَيُفْتَحُ لَهُ بَابٌ إِلَى ٱلْجَنَّةِ، فَيُرِيدُ أَنْ يَنْهَضَ إِلَيْهِ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ: ٱسْكُنْ وَيُفْسَحُ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ كَافِرًا أَوْ مُنَافِقًا يَقُولُ لَهُ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا ٱلرَّجُلِ؟ فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي، سَمِعْتُ ٱلنَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ شَيْئًا فَقُلْتُ، فَيَقُولُ: لَا دَرَيْتَ وَلَا تَلَيْتَ وَلَا هُدِيتَ، ثُمَّ يُفْتَحُ لَهُ بَابٌ إِلَى ٱلْجَنَّةِ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: هَذَا لَكَ لَوْ آمَنْتَ بِرَبِّكَ، فَأَمَّا إِذْ كَفَرْتَ بِهِ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ ﷿ أَبْدَلَكَ بِهِ هَذَا، وَيُفْتَحُ لَهُ بَابٌ إِلَى ٱلنَّارِ، ثُمَّ يَقْمَعُهُ بِٱلْمِطْرَاقِ يَسْمَعُهَا خَلْقُ ٱللَّهِ كُلُّهُنَّ غَيْرَ ٱلثَّقَلَيْنِ» فَقَالَ بَعْضُ ٱلْقَوْمِ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ، مَا أَحَدٌ يَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ فِي يَدِهِ مِطْرَقَةٌ إِلَّا هِيلَ عِنْدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: ﴿يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧]
32. Abū Ṭāhir Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Maḥmash al-Faqīh informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ṣaffār informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal narrated to us: my father narrated to us: Abū ʿĀmir narrated to us: ʿAbbād – meaning ibn Rāshid – narrated to us on the authority of Dāwūd ibn Abī Hind, on the authority of Abū Baṣra, on the authority of Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, who said: We attended a funeral with the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and he said: “
O people, indeed this community will be tested in its graves. When a person is buried and his companions depart from him, an angel holding a hammer comes to him, seats him up, and says: ‘What do you say about this man?’ If he was a believer, he says: ‘I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah and that Muḥammad is His servant and His Messenger.’ So he says to him: ‘You have spoken the truth.’ Then a door to the Fire is opened for him, and he says: ‘This would have been your abode had you disbelieved in your Lord; but as you believed in Him, this is your abode.’ Then a door to Paradise is opened for him, and he wants to rise toward it, but he says to him: ‘Dwell [here],’ and his grave is widened for him. But if he was a disbeliever or a hypocrite, he says to him: ‘What do you say about this man?’ So he says: ‘I do not know; I heard the people saying something, so I said it.’ He says: ‘Neither did you know, nor did you recite, nor were you guided!’ Then a door to Paradise is opened for him, and it is said to him: ‘This would have been yours had you believed in your Lord; but as you disbelieved in Him, Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – has substituted this for you.’ And a door to the Fire is opened for him, then he strikes him with the hammer, which is heard by all of Allah’s creation except the two heavy species [jinn and mankind].” Some of the people said: “O Messenger of Allah, no one has an angel stand over him holding a hammer without being terrified at that moment!” So the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word.”
[Ibrāhīm: 27]
[23]
Notes
[8] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2870.
↩ [10] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 13447. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ; also recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2867.
↩ [9] While rendered here as an indicative statement of past failure, the past-tense verb construction following the negative particle (
lā darayta wa-lā talayta) carries an imprecatory force (
duʿāʾ ʿalayhi) functioning as a sharp angelic rebuke: “May you never know, nor recite!” Classical commentators explain that
talayta is a morphological adaptation (
mushākala) of
talawta – altered to rhyme with
darayta – and signifies either “reciting scripture” or “following those who possess knowledge” (
ittibāʿ). Alternatively, early lexicologists like al-Khaṭṭābī note it may derive from Form VIII (
lā iʾtalayta, from the root
ʾ–l–w), meaning “nor did you spare any effort [or strive] to learn.” See Ibn Ḥajar,
Fatḥ al-Bārī (under
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1374); al-Nawawī,
Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim (no. 2870); al-ʿAynī,
ʿUmdat al-Qārī (no. 1374); and al-Khaṭṭābī,
Maʿālim al-Sunan, 2/115.
↩ [11] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1338, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2870.
↩ [12] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2870.
↩ [13] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2870.
↩ [14] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 86, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 905.
↩ [15] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 86, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 905.
↩ [16] i.e., When the Angel of Death takes the soul of the believer, the angels of mercy immediately take the soul from the angel’s hand without delay.
↩ [20] Recorded in
Musnad Abī Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī, no. 789;
Sunan Abī Dāwūd, no. 4753; and
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 18534. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ.
↩ [17] ʿIlliyyīn refers to the highest realm of Paradise where the registers of the righteous are kept (cf. Sūrat al-Muṭaffifīn, 83:18–20). Conversely,
Sijjīn (cited in parallel narrations) refers to the lowest register and subterranean prison of the wicked (cf. 83:7–9).
↩ [18] Here the translation follows al-Quḍāh's print edition (
minhā khalaqtuhum). The digital base text instead reads
minhā khalaqnākum, bringing the phrase into direct alignment with Sūrah Ṭāhā (20:55).
↩ [19] i.e., The wicked soul flees and spreads throughout the body's limbs out of terror of exiting to face divine wrath.
↩ [21] Recorded in
Sunan Abī Dāwūd, no. 4753
↩ [22] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 25089. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ.
↩ [23] Recorded in
al-Musnad Aḥmad , no. 11000. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnāʾūṭ.
↩ بَابُ نُزُولِ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ عِنْدَ ٱلْمَوْتِ بِبُشْرَى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِ وَوَعِيدِ ٱلْكَافِرِ
4. On the Descent of the Angels at the Time of Death with Glad Tidings for the Believer and Warning for the Disbeliever
Chapter 12 of 40
قَالَ ٱللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ ﴿إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوا رَبُّنَا ٱللَّهُ ثُمَّ ٱسْتَقَامُوا تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ أَلَّا تَخَافُوا وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا وَأَبْشِرُوا بِٱلْجَنَّةِ ٱلَّتِي كُنتُمْ تُوعَدُونَ﴾ [فصلت: ٣٠] وَقَالَ: ﴿يَا أَيَّتُهَا ٱلنَّفْسُ ٱلْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ ٱرْجِعِي إِلَىٰ رَبِّكِ رَاضِيَةً مَّرْضِيَّةً فَٱدْخُلِي فِي عِبَادِي وَٱدْخُلِي جَنَّتِي﴾ [الفجر: ٢٨] وَقَالَ ﴿وَلَوْ تَرَىٰ إِذِ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ فِي غَمَرَٰتِ ٱلْمَوْتِ وَٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ بَٰسِطُو أَيْدِيهِمْ أَخْرِجُوا أَنفُسَكُمُ ٱلْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ ٱلْهُونِ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ غَيْرَ ٱلْحَقِّ وَكُنتُمْ عَنْ ءَايَٰتِهِ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ﴾ [الأنعام: ٩٣]
Allah – Sublime is His Praise – said: “Indeed, those who have said, ‘Our Lord is Allah’ and then remained steadfast, the angels shall descend upon them, [saying], ‘Do not fear and do not grieve, but receive glad tidings of Paradise, which you were promised’” [Fuṣṣilat: 30]. And He said: “O reassured soul, return to your Lord, well-pleased and pleasing [to Him], and enter among My [righteous] servants, and enter My Paradise” [al-Fajr: 27-30]. And He said: “And if you could see when the wrongdoers are in the throes of death, while the angels stretch out their hands, [saying], ‘Deliver out your souls; today you shall be recompensed with the punishment of humiliation for what you used to say about Allah untruthfully and for your arrogance toward His signs’” [al-Anʿām: 93].
٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلْفَقِيهُ إِمْلَاءً، أَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ ٱلصَّقْرِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ، ثَنَا عُبَيْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ ٱلْقَوَارِيرِيُّ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، ثَنَا بُدَيْلٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: «إِذَا خَرَجَتْ رُوحُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِ تَلَقَّاهَا مَلَكَانِ يُصْعِدَانِهَا قَالَ حَمَّادٌ: فَذَكَرَ مِنْ طِيبِ رِيحِهَا، وَذَكَرَ ٱلْمِسْكَ قَالَ: وَيَقُولُ أَهْلُ ٱلسَّمَاءِ: رُوحٌ طَيِّبَةٌ جَاءَتْ مِنْ قِبَلِ ٱلْأَرْضِ، صَلَّى ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْكِ وَعَلَى جَسَدِ مَنْ تَعْمُرِينَهُ، فَيَنْطَلِقُ بِهِ إِلَى رَبِّهِ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: ٱنْطَلِقُوا بِهِ إِلَىٰٓ ءَاخِرِ ٱلْأَجَلِ قَالَ: وَإِنَّ ٱلْكَافِرَ إِذَا خَرَجَتْ رُوحُهُ قَالَ حَمَّادٌ: ذَكَرَ مِنْ نَتْنِهَا، وَذَكَرَ لَعْنًا، وَيَقُولُ أَهْلُ ٱلسَّمَاءِ: رُوحٌ خَبِيثَةٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ ٱلْأَرْضِ قَالَ: وَيُقَالُ: ٱنْطَلِقُوا بِهِ إِلَىٰٓ ءَاخِرِ ٱلْأَجَلِ قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: فَرَدَّ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ رَيْطَةً كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ عَلَىٰٓ أَنْفِهِ هَكَذَا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ٱلْقَوَارِيرِيِّ
33. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Isḥāq al-Faqīh informed us by dictation: ʿAlī ibn al-Ṣaqr ibn Naṣr informed us: ʿUbayd Allāh ibn ʿUmar al-Qawārīrī narrated to us: Ḥammād ibn Zayd narrated to us: Budayl narrated to us on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shaqīq, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, who said: “When the soul of the believer departs, two angels meet it and take it up” – Ḥammād said: “And he mentioned the sweetness of its fragrance, and he mentioned musk” – “and the inhabitants of heaven say: ‘A sweet soul has come from the direction of the earth. May Allah bless you and the body you used to inhabit.’ Then he is taken to his Lord, and then He says: ‘Take him to the end of the term.’” He said: “And when the soul of the disbeliever departs” – Ḥammād said: “And he mentioned its stench, and he mentioned a curse” – “and the inhabitants of heaven say: ‘An evil soul from the direction of the earth.’” He said: “And it is said: ‘Take him to the end of the term.’” Abū Hurayra said: “Then the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – pulled a sheet that he was wearing over his nose like this.” Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar al-Qawārīrī.
[24]
٣٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، نَا خَالِدٌ ٱلْحَذَّاءُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: «إِنَّ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا ٱحْتُضِرَ حَضَرَهُ مَلَكَانِ يَقْبِضَانِ رُوحَهُ فِي حَرِيرَةٍ، فَيَصْعَدَانِ بِهِ إِلَى ٱلسَّمَاءِ، فَتَقُولُ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ رُوحٌ طَيِّبَةٌ جَاءَتْ مِنَ ٱلْأَرْضِ، فَيَصْعَدَانِ بِهِ، فَيُقَالُ: أَبْشِرْ بِرَوْحٍ وَرَيْحَانٍ وَرَبٍّ غَيْرِ غَضْبَانَ، ثُمَّ يُقَالُ: رُدُّوهُ إِلَىٰ آخِرِ ٱلْأَجَلَيْنِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ كَافِرًا يَقْبِضَانِ رُوحَهُ فِي مِسَحٍّ، ثُمَّ يَصْعَدَانِ بِهِ إِلَى ٱلسَّمَاءِ، فَتَأْخُذُ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ عَلَىٰ أَنْفِهَا وَيَقُولُونَ: رِيحٌ خَبِيثَةٌ جَاءَتْ مِنَ ٱلْأَرْضِ فَيَصْعَدَانِ بِهِ فَيُقَالُ: أَبْشِرْ بِعَذَابِ ٱللَّهِ وَهَوَانِهِ، ثُمَّ يُقَالُ: رُدُّوهُ إِلَىٰ آخِرِ ٱلْأَجَلِ أَوِ ٱلْأَجَلَيْنِ»
34. And Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAṭāʾ informed us: Khālid al-Ḥadhdhāʾ narrated to us on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shaqīq, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: “Indeed, when the believer is at the point of death, two angels come to him and take his soul in a silken cloth, and they ascend with it to heaven. The angels say: ‘A good soul has come from the earth.’ They ascend with it, and it is said: ‘Receive glad tidings of comfort, sweet fragrance (
rayḥān),
[25] and a Lord Who is not angry.’ Then it is said: ‘Return him to the latter of the two terms.’
[26] And if he is a disbeliever, they take his soul in a coarse sackcloth, then they ascend with it to heaven. The angels hold their noses and say: ‘A foul odor has come from the earth.’ They ascend with it, and it is said: ‘Receive tidings of the punishment of Allah and His humiliation.’ Then it is said: ‘Return him to the end of the term, or the latter of the two terms.’”
[27]٣٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ يَعْنِي ٱبْنَ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ ٱلْمَيِّتَ تَحْضُرُهُ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ فَإِذَا كَانَ ٱلرَّجُلُ ٱلصَّالِحُ قَالُوا: ٱخْرُجِي أَيَّتُهَا ٱلنَّفْسُ ٱلْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ كَانَتْ فِي ٱلْجَسَدِ، ٱخْرُجِي حَمِيدَةً وَأَبْشِرِي بِرَوْحٍ وَرَيْحَانٍ وَرَبٍّ غَيْرِ غَضْبَانَ، فَمَا يَزَالُ يُقَالُ لَهُ ذَٰلِكَ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ فَيَعْرُجَ بِهَا حَتَّى يَنْتَهِيَ بِهَا إِلَى ٱلسَّمَاءِ فَيُسْتَفْتَحَ لَهَا فَيُقَالُ: مَنْ هَٰذَا؟ فَيُقَالُ: فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ، فَيُقَالُ: مَرْحَبًا بِٱلنَّفْسِ ٱلطَّيِّبَةِ كَانَتْ فِي ٱلْجَسَدِ ٱلطَّيِّبِ، ٱدْخُلِي حَمِيدَةً وَأَبْشِرِي بِرَوْحٍ وَرَيْحَانٍ وَرَبٍّ غَيْرِ غَضْبَانَ، فَلَا يَزَالُ يُقَالُ لَهَا ذَٰلِكَ حَتَّى يَنْتَهِيَ بِهَا إِلَى ٱلسَّمَاءِ» أَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ ٱلسَّمَاءَ ٱلسَّابِعَةَ قَالَ: «وَإِذَا كَانَ ٱلرَّجُلُ ٱلسُّوءُ قَالُوا: ٱخْرُجِي أَيَّتُهَا ٱلنَّفْسُ ٱلْخَبِيثَةُ كَانَتْ فِي ٱلْجَسَدِ ٱلْخَبِيثِ ذَمِيمَةً وَأَبْشِرِي بِحَمِيمٍ وَغَسَّاقٍ وَآخَرَ مِنْ شَكْلِهِ أَزْوَاجٌ، فَلَا يَزَالُ يُقَالُ لَهُ ذَٰلِكَ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ فَيَنْتَهِيَ بِهَا إِلَى ٱلسَّمَاءِ، فَيُقَالُ: مَنْ هَٰذَا؟ فَيُقَالُ: فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ، فَيُقَالُ: لَا مَرْحَبًا بِٱلنَّفْسِ ٱلْخَبِيثَةِ كَانَتْ فِي ٱلْجَسَدِ ٱلْخَبِيثِ، ٱرْجِعِي ذَمِيمَةً فَإِنَّهُ لَا تُفْتَحُ لَكِ أَبْوَابُ ٱلسَّمَاءِ، فَتُرْسَلُ إِلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ تَصِيرُ إِلَى ٱلْقَبْرِ»
35. Abū ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Saʿīd informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn Abī Bukayr narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān – meaning ibn Abī Dhiʾb – narrated to us on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr ibn ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Yasār, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: “
Indeed, the deceased is attended by the angels. If the person was righteous, they say: ‘Come out, O tranquil soul that was in the body; come out praised, and rejoice in rest, sweet fragrance, and a Lord who is not angry.’ This continues to be said to it until it comes out. Then it is taken up to the heaven, and permission is requested for it to enter. It is said: ‘Who is this?’ and it is said: ‘So-and-so, the son of so-and-so.’ Then it is said: ‘Welcome to the good soul that was in the good body; enter praised, and rejoice in rest, sweet fragrance, and a Lord who is not angry.’ This continues to be said to it until it is brought to the heaven” – I think he meant the seventh heaven. He continued:
“And if the person was evil, they say: ‘Come out, O wicked soul that was in the wicked body, despised; and receive the tidings of boiling water, purulence, and other torments of its kind coupled together.’ This continues to be said to it until it comes out. Then it is brought to the heaven, and it is said: ‘Who is this?’ and it is said: ‘So-and-so, the son of so-and-so.’ Then it is said: ‘No welcome to the wicked soul that was in the wicked body; return despised, for the gates of heaven shall not be opened for you.’ Thus, it is sent back to the earth, and then it goes to the grave.”
[28]
٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقْرِئُ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ بِهَا، ثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، أَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، ثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، ثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ قَسَامَةَ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا حُضِرَ أَتَتْهُ مَلَائِكَةُ الرَّحْمَةِ بِحَرِيرَةٍ بَيْضَاءَ، فَيَقُولُونَ: ٱخْرُجِي رَاضِيَةً مَرْضِيَّةً عَنْكِ إِلَى رَوْحِ ٱللَّهِ وَرَيْحَانٍ وَرَبٍّ غَيْرِ غَضْبَانَ، فَتَخْرُجُ كَأَطْيَبِ رِيحِ مِسْكٍ، حَتَّى إِنَّهُ لَيُنَاوِلُهُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا يَشُمُّونَهُ حَتَّى يَأْتُوا بِهِ بَابَ ٱلسَّمَاءِ، فَيَقُولُونَ: مَا أَطْيَبَ هَٰذِهِ ٱلرِّيحَ، جَاءَتْكُمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ ٱلْأَرْضِ، فَكُلَّمَا أَتَوْا سَمَاءً قَالُوا ذَٰلِكَ حَتَّى يَأْتُوا بِهِ أَرْوَاحَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَلَهُمْ أَفْرَحُ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدِكُمْ بِغَائِبِهِ إِذَا قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ، وَيَسْأَلُونَهُ: مَا فَعَلَ فُلَانٌ فَيَقُولُونَ: دَعْهُ حَتَّى يَسْتَرِيحَ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ فِي غَمِّ ٱلدُّنْيَا، فَإِذَا قَالَ لَهُمْ: أَمَا أَتَاكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ يَقُولُونَ: ذَهَبَ إِلَى أُمِّهِ ٱلْهَاوِيَةِ، وَأَمَّا ٱلْكَافِرُ فَإِنَّ مَلَائِكَةَ ٱلْعَذَابِ تَأْتِيهِ بِمِسْحٍ فَيَقُولُونَ: ٱخْرُجِي سَاخِطَةً مَسْخُوطَةً عَلَيْكِ إِلَى عَذَابِ ٱللَّهِ وَسَخَطِهِ، فَتَخْرُجُ كَأَنْتَنِ رِيحِ جِيفَةٍ، فَيَنْطَلِقُونَ بِهِ إِلَى بَابِ ٱلْأَرْضِ، فَيَقُولُونَ: مَا أَنْتَنُ هَٰذِهِ ٱلرِّيحَ، كُلَّمَا أَتَوْا عَلَى أَرْضٍ قَالُوا ذَٰلِكَ حَتَّى يَنْتَهُوا بِهِ إِلَى أَرْوَاحِ ٱلْكُفَّارِ»
36. Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Muqriʾ al-Mihrajānī informed us: al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us; Yūsuf ibn Yaʿqūb al-Qāḍī informed us; Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr narrated to us; Muʿādh ibn Hishām narrated to us; my father narrated to us on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Qasāma ibn Zuhayr, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: “
Indeed, when the believer is at the point of death, the angels of mercy come to him with a white silk cloth, and they say: ‘Come out, pleased and well-pleasing, to the repose of Allah, sweet fragrance, and a Lord who is not angry.’ So, he comes out with the most fragrant scent of musk, to the point that some of them hand him over to others, smelling him, until they bring him to the gate of heaven. They say: ‘How good is this fragrance that has come to you from the earth?’ Every time they bring him to a heaven, they say the same, until they bring him to the souls of the believers. They are more delighted with him than any of you is with his absent loved one when he returns to him. They ask him, ‘What happened to so-and-so?’ and they say, ‘Leave him so he can rest, for he was in the distress of the world.’ When he says to them, ‘Has he not come to you? For he has died!’ they say, ‘He was taken to his mother, the Abyss.’
[29]
As for the disbeliever, the angels of punishment come to him with a coarse sackcloth, and they say: ‘Come out, displeased and incurring displeasure, to the punishment of Allah and His anger.’ So, he comes out with the worst stench of a corpse, and they take him to the gate of the earth. They say: ‘How foul is this stench?’ Every time they pass through a land, they say the same, until they bring him to the souls of the disbelievers.” Narrated by Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr, transmitted by Muʿādh ibn Hishām, in his
Ṣaḥīḥ.
[30]
٣٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ ﵀، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو ٱلنَّضْرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ ٱلْفَقِيهُ، ثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ٱلدَّارِمِيُّ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، ثَنَا هَمَّامٌ ح، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، نَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ ٱلصَّفَّارُ، ثَنَا تَمْتَامٌ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، نَا هُدْبَةُ، ثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، ثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ ٱلصَّامِتِ أَنَّ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَحَبَّ لِقَاءَ ٱللَّهِ أَحَبَّ ٱللَّهُ لِقَاءَهُ، وَمَنْ كَرِهَ لِقَاءَ ٱللَّهِ كَرِهَ ٱللَّهُ لِقَاءَهُ» قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂ أَوْ بَعْضُ أَزْوَاجِهِ: إِنَّا لَنَكْرَهُ ٱلْمَوْتَ قَالَ: «لَيْسَ ذَٰلِكَ وَلَٰكِنَّ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا حَضَرَهُ ٱلْمَوْتُ بُشِّرَ بِرِضْوَانِ ٱللَّهِ وَكَرَامَتِهِ، فَلَيْسَ شَيْءٌ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْهِ مِمَّا أَمَامَهُ، فَأَحَبَّ لِقَاءَ ٱللَّهِ وَٱللَّهُ أَحَبَّ لِقَاءَهُ، وَإِنَّ ٱلْكَافِرَ إِذَا حَضَرَهُ ٱلْمَوْتُ بُشِّرَ بِعَذَابِ ٱللَّهِ وَعُقُوبَتِهِ، فَلَيْسَ شَيْءٌ أَكْرَهَ لَهُ مِمَّا أَمَامَهُ، فَكَرِهَ لِقَاءَ ٱللَّهِ فَكَرِهَ ٱللَّهُ لِقَاءَهُ» لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ هُدْبَةَ ٣٨ - رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مِنْهَالٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ هُدْبَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ يَحْيَىٰ
37. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ – may Allah have mercy on him – informed us: Abū al-Naḍr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf al-Faqīh informed me: ʿUthmān ibn Saʿīd al-Dārimī narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Kathīr narrated to us: Hammām narrated to us; [alternatively] Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār narrated to us: Tamtām Muḥammad ibn Ghālib narrated to us: Hudba narrated to us: Hammām narrated to us: Qatāda narrated to us on the authority of Anas, on the authority of ʿUbāda ibn al-Ṣāmit that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Whoever loves to meet Allah, Allah loves to meet him, and whoever dislikes to meet Allah, Allah dislikes to meet him.” ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – or some of his wives said: “
We indeed dislike death.” He said: “
It is not that. Rather, when death approaches the believer, he is given glad tidings of the pleasure of Allah and His generosity, so nothing is more beloved to him than what lies before him, and thus he loves to meet Allah and Allah loves to meet him. And when death approaches the disbeliever, he is given tidings of the punishment of Allah and His retribution, so nothing is more hateful to him than what lies before him, and thus he dislikes to meet Allah and Allah dislikes to meet him.” This is the wording of the
ḥadīth of Hudba. Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Ḥajjāj ibn Minhal, and narrated by Muslim on the authority of Hudba ibn Khālid, both on the authority of Hammām ibn Yaḥyā.
[31]
٣٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذَبَارِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ حَمُّويَهَ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ، ثَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَلَانِسِيُّ، ثَنَا آدَمُ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، ثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَسُبُّوا الْأَمْوَاتَ فَإِنَّهُمْ قَدْ أَفْضَوْا إِلَىٰ مَا قَدَّمُوا» رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ آدَمَ بْنِ أَبِي إِيَاسَ
38. Abū ʿAlī al-Rūdhabārī informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Ḥammūyah al-ʿAskarī informed us: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Qalānisī narrated to us: Ādam narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us: al-Aʿmash narrated to us on the authority of Mujāhid, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Do not revile the dead, for they have passed on to what they sent forth.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Ādam ibn Abī Iyās.
[32]
٣٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، ثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، نَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ بَحِيرٍ ٱلْقَاصُّ، عَنْ هَانِئٍ مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ﵁ قَالَ: كَانَ عُثْمَانُ ﵁ إِذَا وَقَفَ عَلَى قَبْرٍ بَكَى حَتَّى يَبُلَّ لِحْيَتَهُ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: تُذْكَرُ ٱلْجَنَّةُ وَٱلنَّارُ فَلَا تَبْكِي وَتَبْكِي مِنْ هَٰذَا؟ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ قَالَ: «إِنَّ ٱلْقَبْرَ أَوَّلُ مَنَازِلِ ٱلْآخِرَةِ، فَإِنْ نَجَا مِنْهُ فَمَا بَعْدَهُ أَيْسَرُ مِنْهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَنْجُ مِنْهُ فَمَا بَعْدَهُ شَرٌّ مِنْهُ» قَالَ: وَقَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا رَأَيْتُ مَنْظَرًا قَطُّ إِلَّا وَمَنْظَرُ ٱلْقَبْرِ أَفْظَعُ مِنْهُ»
39. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās, Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb informed us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn narrated to us: Hishām ibn Yūsuf narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Baḥīr al-Qāṣṣ informed us on the authority of Hāniʾ, the freed slave of ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān – may Allah be pleased with him – he said: Whenever ʿUthmān – may Allah be pleased with him – stood by a grave, he would weep until his beard became wet. It was said to him, “Paradise and Hellfire are mentioned and you do not weep, yet you weep because of this?” He said: The Messenger of Allah said: “
The grave is the first of the stages of the Hereafter; if one is saved from it, what follows it is easier, and if one is not saved from it, what follows it is worse.” He said: And the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
I have never seen a sight except that the sight of the grave is more terrible than it.”
[33]
٤٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، ثَنَا ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلدُّورِيُّ، نَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، ثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ٱلصَّنْعَانِيُّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ بَحِيرٍ، عَنْ هَانِئٍ مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ ﵁ يَقُولُ: مَرَّ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ بِجِنَازَةٍ عِنْدَ قَبْرٍ وَصَاحِبُهُ يُدْفَنُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «ٱسْتَغْفِرُوا لِصَاحِبِكُمْ وَسَلُوا ٱللَّهَ لَهُ ٱلتَّثْبِيتَ فَإِنَّهُ ٱلْآنَ يُسْأَلُ»
40. Abū ʿAbd Allāh informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: al-ʿAbbās ibn Muḥammad al-Dūrī narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn informed us: Hishām ibn Yūsuf al-Ṣanʿānī narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Baḥīr narrated to us on the authority of Hāniʾ, the freed slave of ʿUthmān, who said: I heard ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān – may Allah be pleased with him – say: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – passed by a funeral procession at a grave while the deceased was being buried, and the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Seek forgiveness for your companion and ask Allah that he be granted steadfastness, as he is now being questioned.”
[34]
Notes
[24] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2872.
↩ [27] Recorded in a longer form in
al-Mustadrak ʿalā al-Ṣaḥīḥayn by al-Ḥākim al-Naysābūrī, no. 107.
↩ [25] Though rayḥān usually refers to a sweet fragrance – which directly contrasts with the disbeliever’s “foul odor” later in the hadith – early commentators like Mujāhid and Saʿīd ibn Jubayr noted that it can also mean “provision” or “sustenance” (rizq), following an old South Arabian usage. See al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-Bayān, commentary on Qurʾān 56:89 and ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-ʿArab, entry r-w-ḥ.
↩ [26] The “two terms” (
al-ajalayn) refer to the two designated periods of human existence: the period of earthly life (
dunyā) and the intermediate period of the grave (
barzakh). “The latter of the two terms” refers to returning the soul to the body in the grave to remain throughout the duration of the
barzakh until the Day of Resurrection.
↩ [28] Recorded in
Sunan ibn Mājah, no. 4262.
↩ [30] Recorded in
Sunan al-Nasāʾī, no. 1833.
↩ [29] The newly arrived soul informs the resident souls that the person died; since he was not brought to Heaven, they realize he was sent to Hell. “His mother, the Abyss” is an allusion to Qurʾān 101:8–11, an idiom meaning Hellfire becomes his sole refuge and destination.
↩ [31] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6507 and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2684.
↩ [32] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1393.
↩ [33] Recorded in
Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 2308;
Sunan ibn Mājah, no. 4267. Graded
ḥasan gharīb by al-Tirmidhī.
↩ [34] Recorded in
Sunan Abī Dāwūd, no. 3221. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Albānī.
↩ بَابُ ٱلدَّلِيلِ عَلَىٰ أَنَّهُ بَعْدَ ٱلسُّؤَالِ يُعْرَضُ عَلَىٰ مَقْعَدِهِ بِٱلْغَدَاةِ وَٱلْعَشِيِّ
8. On the Proof That After Questioning He Is Shown His Abode Morning and Evening
Chapter 16 of 40
قَالَ ٱللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ ﴿وَحَاقَ بِـَٔالِ فِرْعَوْنَ سُوءُ ٱلْعَذَابِ ٤٥ ٱلنَّارُ يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَيْهَا غُدُوًّا وَعَشِيًّا وَيَوْمَ تَقُومُ ٱلسَّاعَةُ أَدْخِلُوا ءَالَ فِرْعَوْنَ أَشَدَّ ٱلْعَذَابِ﴾ [غافر: ٤٥-٤٦] قَالَ مُجَٰهِدٌ: «يَعْنِي بِقَوْلِهِ ﴿يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَيْهَا غُدُوًّا وَعَشِيًّا﴾ [غافر: ٤٦] مَا كَانَتِ ٱلدُّنْيَا»
Allah – Sublime is His Praise – said: “And the evil torment encompassed the people of Pharaoh: the Fire, to which they are exposed morning and evening; and on the Day the Hour is established [it will be said]: ‘Admit the people of Pharaoh into the severest punishment.’” [Ghāfir: 45–46] Mujāhid said: “He means by His statement, ‘They are exposed to it morning and evening’ [Ghāfir: 46]: for as long as this world endures.”
٤٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ ٱلْحُسَيْنِ، ثَنَا آدَمُ، ثَنَا وَرْقَاءُ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، فَذَكَرَهُۥ وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: يَرِدُ عَلَيْهِ، «يُقَالُ لَهُمْ: يَا آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ هَٰذِهِ مَنَازِلُكُمْ تَوْبِيخًا وَصَغَارًا وَنِقْمَةً»
46. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥasan narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ḥusayn narrated to us: Ādam narrated to us: Warqāʾ narrated to us on the authority of ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid who mentioned it. And Qatāda said, “They are brought before it and it is said to them: ‘O people of Pharaoh, these are your dwellings,’ as a rebuke, humiliation, and vengeance.”
٤٧ - وَذَٰلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، نَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ، أَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُ
47. And that is among what Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās ibn Yaʿqūb informed us: Yaḥyā ibn Abī Ṭālib narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb narrated to us: Saʿīd informed us on the authority of Qatāda who mentioned it.
٤٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ٱلْقَاضِي، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلسَّلَامِ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ إِذَا مَاتَ عُرِضَ عَلَى مَقْعَدِهِ بِٱلْغَدَاةِ وَٱلْعَشِيِّ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْجَنَّةِ فَمِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلنَّارِ فَمِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلنَّارِ، يُقَالُ: هَٰذَا مَقْعَدُكَ حَتَّىٰ يَبْعَثَكَ ٱللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ» رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَكَذَٰلِكَ رَوَاهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ نَافِعٍ عَنْ نَافِعٍ
48. Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad informed us: Yaḥyā ibn Manṣūr al-Qāḍī informed me: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Salām narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn Yaḥyā narrated to us: I read to Mālik on the authority of Nāfiʿ, on the authority of ibn ʿUmar that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Indeed, when one of you dies, his seat is presented to him morning and evening. If he is among the people of Paradise, then from the people of Paradise; and if he is among the people of the Fire, then from the people of the Fire. It is said: ‘This is your seat until Allah resurrects you to Him.’” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Ismāʿīl, and narrated by Muslim on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Yaḥyā, both of them on the authority of Mālik, and likewise narrated by a group of the companions of Nāfiʿ on the authority of Nāfiʿ.
[40]
٤٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَا: ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلرَّزَّاقِ، أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ ٱلزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا مَاتَ ٱلرَّجُلُ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ مَقْعَدُهُ بِٱلْغَدَاةِ وَٱلْعَشِيِّ، إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْجَنَّةِ فَٱلْجَنَّةُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلنَّارِ فَٱلنَّارُ» فَقِيلَ لِعَبْدِ ٱلرَّزَّاقِ فِي ٱلْحَدِيثِ يُقَالُ: هَذَا مَقْعَدُكَ ٱلَّذِي تُبْعَثُ إِلَيْهِ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّزَّاقِ.
49. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-Faḍl ibn Ibrāhīm narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn Salama narrated to us: Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm and Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated to us: Maʿmar informed us on the authority of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of Sālim, on the authority of ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
When a man dies, his seat is presented to him morning and evening; if he is among the people of Paradise, then Paradise, and if he is among the people of the Fire, then the Fire.” It was said to ʿAbd al-Razzāq concerning the hadith: “Is it said [to him]: ‘This is your seat until you are resurrected to it on the Day of Resurrection?’” He replied: “Yes.” Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of ʿAbd ibn Ḥumayd, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Razzāq.
[41]
٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّاغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ ٱلْوَاقِدِيُّ، أَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ أَخِي عُمَرَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ شَيْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ٱلْأَشْجَعِيِّ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «ٱلْقَبْرُ حُفْرَةٌ مِنْ حُفَرِ جَهَنَّمَ أَوْ رَوْضَةٌ مِنْ رِيَاضِ ٱلْجَنَّةِ»
50. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣāghānī narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Wāqidī narrated to us: Salama, the nephew of ʿUmar, informed us on the authority of ʿUmar ibn Shayba ibn Abī Kathīr al-Ashjaʿī, on the authority of Nāfiʿ, on the authority of ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
The grave is either a pit among the pits of Hell or a garden among the gardens of Paradise.”
[42]
٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ ٱلْفَضْلِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا ٱلنَّضْرَوِيُّ، نَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ قَالَ: كَانَتْ لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ صَرْخَتَانِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ غُدْوَةً وَعَشِيَّةً، كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي أَوَّلِ ٱلنَّهَارِ: «ذَهَبَ ٱلَّيْلُ وَعُرِضَ آلُ فِرْعَوْنَ عَلَى ٱلنَّارِ»، فَلَا يَسْمَعُ صَوْتَهُ أَحَدٌ؛ إِلَّا ٱسْتَعَاذَ بِٱللَّهِ مِنَ ٱلنَّارِ، وَإِذَا كَانَ ٱلْعَشِيُّ قَالَ: «ذَهَبَ ٱلنَّهَارُ وَجَاءَ ٱلَّيْلُ وَعُرِضَ آلُ فِرْعَوْنَ عَلَى ٱلنَّارِ»، فَلَا يَسْمَعُ صَوْتَهُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا ٱسْتَعَاذَ بِٱللَّهِ مِنَ ٱلنَّارِ.
51. Abū Naṣr ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz informed us: Abū Manṣūr al-ʿAbbās ibn al-Faḍl ibn Zakariyyā al-Naḍrawī informed us: Aḥmad ibn Najda informed us: Saʿīd ibn Manṣūr narrated to us: Hushaym narrated to us on the authority of Yaʿlā ibn ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of Maymūn ibn Maysara, who said: Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – had two cries every day, in the morning and the evening. At the beginning of the day he would say: “The night has departed and the people of Pharaoh have been exposed to the Fire,” and no one would hear his voice without seeking refuge in Allah from the Fire. And when evening came, he would say: “The day has departed and the night has come, and the people of Pharaoh have been exposed to the Fire,” and no one would hear his voice without seeking refuge in Allah from the Fire.
Notes
[40] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1379, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2866.
↩ [41] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2866.
↩ [42] Recorded in
al-Muʿjam al-Awsaṭ, no. 8613. Graded
ḍaʿīf due to the presence of Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Wāqidī in the chain.
↩ بَابُ مَا يَكُونُ عَلَى ٱلْمُنَافِقِينَ مِنَ ٱلْعَذَابِ فِي ٱلْقَبْرِ قَبْلَ ٱلْعَذَابِ فِي ٱلنَّارِ
9. On the Punishment of the Hypocrites in the Grave Prior to the Punishment in the Fire
Chapter 17 of 40
قَالَ ٱللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ ﴿وَمِمَّنْ حَوْلَكُمْ مِنَ ٱلْأَعْرَابِ مُنَافِقُونَ وَمِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ مَرَدُوا عَلَى ٱلنِّفَاقِ لَا تَعْلَمُهُمْ نَحْنُ نَعْلَمُهُمْ سَنُعَذِّبُهُمْ مَرَّتَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَىٰ عَذَابٍ عَظِيمٍ﴾ [التوبة: ١٠١] قَالَ قَتَادَةُ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿سَنُعَذِّبُهُمْ مَرَّتَيْنِ﴾ [التوبة: ١٠١] قَالَ: «عَذَابٌ فِي ٱلْقَبْرِ وَعَذَابٌ فِي ٱلنَّارِ»
Allah – Sublime is His Praise – said: “And among those around you of the Bedouins are hypocrites, and among the people of the city are those steeped in hypocrisy. You do not know them; We know them. We will punish them twice, then they will be returned to a great punishment” [al-Tawba: 101]. Qatāda said regarding His statement, “We will punish them twice” [al-Tawba: 101]: “[It means] punishment in the grave and punishment in the Fire.”
٥٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: نَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ أَبُو نُوحٍ قُرَادٌ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، فَذَكَرَهُۥ
52. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ghazwān Abū Nūḥ Qurād narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of Qatāda who he mentioned it.
٥٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلنَّضْرِ، ثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ ٱلْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: «كَانَ مِنَّا رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي ٱلنَّجَّارِ قَدْ قَرَأَ سُورَةَ ٱلْبَقَرَةِ وَآلِ عِمْرَانَ وَكَانَ يَكْتُبُ لِرَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ، فَٱنْطَلَقَ هَارِبًا حَتَّى لَحِقَ بِأَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَابِ قَالَ: فَرَفَعُوهُ قَالُوا: هَذَا كَانَ يَكْتُبُ لِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ فَأُعْجِبُوا بِهِ، فَمَا لَبِثَ أَنْ قَصَمَ ٱللَّهُ عُنُقَهُ فِيهِمْ فَحَفَرُوا لَهُ فَوَارَوْهُ فَأَصْبَحَتِ ٱلْأَرْضُ قَدْ نَبَذَتْهُ عَلَىٰ وَجْهِهِ، فَتَرَكُوهُ مَنْبُوذًا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ عَنْ أَبِي ٱلنَّضْرِ
53. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Abū ʾl-Naḍr narrated to us: Sulaymān ibn al-Mughīra narrated to us on the authority of Thābit, on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik, who said: “There was a man among us from Banū ʾl-Najjār who had recited
Sūrat al-Baqara and
Āl ʿImrān, and he used to write for the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He then fled, joining the People of the Book. They extolled him, saying: ‘This man used to write for Muḥammad – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – ‘and they were impressed by him. It was not long before Allah broke his neck while he was among them. They dug a grave for him and buried him, but by morning the earth had cast him out onto its surface. So they left him cast out.” Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Rāfiʿ, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Naḍr.
[43]
٥٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلْفَقِيهُ، أَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ ٱلْمُحَمَّدُ أَبَاذِيُّ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلسَّعْدِيُّ، أَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَنَا حُمَيْدٌ ٱلطَّوِيلُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا كَانَ يَكْتُبُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَكَانَ قَدْ قَرَأَ ٱلْبَقَرَةَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ، وَكَانَ ٱلرَّجُلُ إِذَا قَرَأَ ٱلْبَقَرَةَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ جَلَّ فِينَا، وَكَانَ ٱلنَّبِيُّ يُمْلِي عَلَيْهِ ﴿غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا﴾ فَيَقُولُ: أَكْتُبُ: ﴿عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا﴾، فَيَقُولُ لَهُ ٱلنَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «ٱكْتُبْ كَيْفَ شِئْتَ»، وَيُمْلِي عَلَيْهِ ﴿عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا﴾ فَيَقُولُ: أَكْتُبُ ﴿سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا﴾، فَيَقُولُ لَهُ ٱلنَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «ٱكْتُبْ كَيْفَ شِئْتَ» قَالَ: فَٱرْتَدَّ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلرَّجُلُ عَنِ ٱلْإِسْلَامِ وَلَحِقَ بِٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ وَقَالَ: أَنَا أَعْلَمُكُمْ بِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ إِنِّي كُنْتُ لَأَكْتُبُ كَيْفَ شِئْتُ، فَمَاتَ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلرَّجُلُ، فَقَالَ ٱلنَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «إِنَّ ٱلْأَرْضَ لَا تَقْبَلُهُ» قَالَ أَنَسٌ: فَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أَنَّهُ أَتَى ٱلْأَرْضَ ٱلَّتِي مَاتَ فِيهَا فَوَجَدَهُ مَنْبُوذًا، فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ: مَا شَأْنُ هَٰذَا ٱلرَّجُلِ؟ قَالُوا: قَدْ دَفَنَّاهُ مِرَارًا فَلَمْ تَقْبَلْهُ ٱلْأَرْضُ، وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عَبْدُ ٱلْعَزِيزِ بْنُ صُهَيْبٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ بِمَعْنَاهُ، وَمِنْ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ
54. Abū Ṭāhir Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Faqīh informed us: Abū Ṭāhir Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Muḥammadābādhī informed us: Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Saʿdī narrated to us: Yazīd ibn Hārūn informed us: Ḥumayd al-Ṭawīl informed us on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik – may Allah be pleased with him – that a man used to write for the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and he had read [and mastered]
al-Baqara and
Āl ʿImrān; whenever a man had read
al-Baqara and
Āl ʿImrān, he was held in high esteem among us. The Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – would dictate to him “
Forgiving, Merciful,” and he would say, “Shall I write ‘Knowing, Wise?’” The Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – would say to him: “
Write as you wish.” He would dictate to him “
Knowing, Wise,” and he would say, “Shall I write ‘Hearing, Seeing?’” The Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – would say to him: “
Write as you wish.” Anas said: That man then apostatized from Islam and joined the polytheists, saying, “I am the most knowledgeable of you regarding Muḥammad – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – for I used to write as I wished.” That man died, and the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Indeed, the earth will not accept him.” Anas said: Abū Ṭalḥa narrated to me that he came to the land in which he had died and found him cast aside. Abū Ṭalḥa asked, “
What is the matter with this man?” They replied, “We have buried him repeatedly, but the earth would not accept him.” ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Ṣuḥayb also narrated it on the authority of Anas with the same meaning and from the same route. Transmitted by al-Bukhārī.
[44]
٥٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ٱلْفَضْلِ ٱلْقَطَّانُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ٱللَّيْثُ، حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي ٱلْمُطَّلِبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ يَعْنِي ٱبْنَ حَنْطَبٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ مَرَّ يَسِيرُ عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ لَهُ بَيْضَاءَ فِي ٱلْمَقَابِرِ بِبَقِيعِ ٱلْغَرْقَدِ، فَحَادَتْ بِهِ بَغْلَتُهُ حَيْدَةً فَوَثَبَ إِلَيْهَا رِجَالٌ مِنَ ٱلْمُسْلِمِينَ لِيَأْخُذُوا بِلِجَامِهَا، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «دَعُوهَا فَإِنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ عَذَابَ سَعْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ يُعَذَّبُ فِي قَبْرِهِ» وَكَانَ رَجُلًا مُنَافِقًا
55. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn al-Faḍl al-Qaṭṭān informed us in Baghdād: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar ibn Darastawayh informed us: Yaʿqūb ibn Sufyān narrated to us: Abū Ṣāliḥ narrated to us: al-Layth narrated to me: Yūnus narrated to me on the authority of ibn Shihāb: al-Muṭṭalib ibn ʿAbd Allāh, meaning ibn Ḥanṭab, informed me that it reached him that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – passed by while riding a white mule of his through the graves at Baqīʿ al-Gharqad, and his mule suddenly veered aside. Some men from among the Muslims rushed toward it to seize its bridle, but the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said to them: “
Leave it, for it has heard the punishment of Saʿd ibn Zurāra being punished in his grave.” And he had been a hypocrite.
[45]
٥٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقْرِئُ، أَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، ثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ ح قَالَ يُوسُفُ: وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، ثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، وَهَذَا لَفْظُ يَزِيدَ قَالَا: ثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، نَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِذَا قُبِرَ أَحَدُكُمْ، أَوِ الْإِنْسَانُ، أَتَاهُ مَلَكَانِ أَسْوَدَانِ أَزْرَقَانِ يُقَالُ لِأَحَدِهِمَا مُنْكَرٌ وَلِلْآخَرِ نَكِيرٌ، فَيَقُولَانِ: مَا كُنْتَ تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا الرَّجُلِ، لِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ؟، فَهُوَ قَائِلٌ مَا كَانَ يَقُولُ، إِنْ كَانَ مُؤْمِنًا قَالَ: هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَيَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ قَالَ: فَيَقُولَانِ: إِنْ كُنَّا لَنَعْلَمَ أَنَّكَ تَقُولُ ذَٰلِكَ، ثُمَّ يُفْسَحُ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ سَبْعُونَ ذِرَاعًا فِي سَبْعِينَ ذِرَاعًا، وَيُنَوَّرُ لَهُ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ يُقَالُ لَهُ: نَمْ، فَيَقُولُ دَعُونِي أَرْجِعْ إِلَى أَهْلِي أُخْبِرُهُمْ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: نَمْ كَنَوْمَةِ الْعَرُوسِ الَّذِي لَا يُوقِظُهُ إِلَّا أَحَبُّ أَهْلِهِ إِلَيْهِ، حَتَّى يَبْعَثَهُ اللَّهُ ﷿ مِنْ مَضْجَعِهِ ذَٰلِكَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مُنَافِقًا قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي، كُنْتُ أَسْمَعُ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ ذَٰلِكَ فَكُنْتُ أَقُولُهُ، فَيَقُولَانِ: إِنَّا كُنَّا لَنَعْلَمَ أَنَّكَ تَقُولُ ذَٰلِكَ، ثُمَّ يُقَالُ لِلْأَرْضِ: الْتَئِمِي عَلَيْهِ، فَتَلْتَئِمُ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى تَخْتَلِفَ أَضْلَاعُهُ، فَلَا يَزَالُ فِيهَا مُعَذَّبًا حَتَّى يَبْعَثَهُ اللَّهُ ﷿ مِنْ مَضْجَعِهِ ذَٰلِكَ»
56. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Muqriʾ informed us: al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq informed us: Yūsuf ibn Yaʿqūb al-Qāḍī narrated to us: Musaddad narrated to us: Bishr ibn al-Mufaḍḍal narrated to us; [alternatively] Yūsuf said: and Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr narrated to us: Yazīd ibn Zurayʿ narrated to us – and this is the wording of Yazīd – they both said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: Saʿīd ibn Abī Saʿīd narrated to us on the authority of Abū Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
When one of you” – or [he said] “
a human being” –
“is buried, two black and blue angels come to him, one of whom is called Munkar and the other Nakīr. They say: ‘What did you use to say about this man, Muḥammad?’ – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and he will say what he used to say. If he was a believer, he says: ‘He is the servant of Allah and His Messenger, and he bears witness that there is no deity but Allah and that Muḥammad is His servant and His Messenger.’ They say: ‘We knew that you would say that.’ Then his grave is widened for him seventy cubits by seventy cubits, and it is illuminated for him. Then it is said to him: ‘Sleep.’ He says: ‘Let me return to my family to inform them.’ It is said to him: ‘Sleep like the sleep of a bridegroom whom no one wakes except the most beloved of his family to him,’ until Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – resurrects him from that resting place of his. But if he was a hypocrite, he says: ‘I do not know; I used to hear the people saying that, so I said it.’ They say: ‘We knew that you would say that.’ Then it is said to the earth: ‘Squeeze him.’ So it squeezes him until his ribs interlace, and he remains therein being punished until Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – resurrects him from that resting place of his.”
[46]
Notes
[43] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2781.
↩ [44] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 3617, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2781. Note that the versions in the two
Ṣaḥīḥ collections do not contain the dialogue regarding the alteration of the divine attributes; that portion is recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 12215. Classical commentators approached this dialogue through distinct frameworks: al-Ṭaḥāwī (
Sharḥ Mushkil al-Āthār, 8:240–241) and Shuʿayb al-Arnāʾūṭ argue that the phrasing is unconditioned (
muṭlaq) and pertains to administrative correspondence rather than revelation (
waḥy). Conversely, Ibn Taymiyya in
al-Ṣārim al-Maslūl outlines two primary explanations: either the Prophet ﷺ was permitting a choice between two validly revealed synonymous variants under the early
aḥruf concession – a practice later abrogated during the final review (
al-ʿarḍah al-akhīra) – or his command “write as you wish” was a severe rhetorical warning analogous to Qurʾān 41:40 (“
Do whatever you wish”), intended as a reproof of the scribe’s insolence rather than actual divine sanction.
↩ [45] Recorded in al-Fasawī,
al-Maʿrifah wa-l-Tārīkh, 1:374.
↩ [46] Recorded in
Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 1071. Graded
ḥasan gharīb by al-Tirmidhī.
↩ بَابُ مَا يَكُونُ عَلَى مَنْ أَعْرَضَ عَنْ ذِكْرِ ٱللَّهِ تَعَالَى مِنَ ٱلْعَذَابِ فِي ٱلْقَبْرِ قَبْلَ عَذَابِ يَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ
10. On the Punishment in the Grave for Whoever Turns Away from the Remembrance of Allah Most High, Prior to the Punishment of the Day of Resurrection
Chapter 18 of 40
قَالَ ٱللَّهُ ﷿ ﴿وَمَنْ أَعْرَضَ عَنْ ذِكْرِي فَإِنَّ لَهُ مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكًا وَنَحْشُرُهُ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ أَعْمَىٰ﴾ [طه: ١٢٤]
Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – said: “And whoever turns away from My remembrance, then for him is a straitened life, and We shall gather him on the Day of Resurrection blind.” [Ṭāhā: 124]
٥٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عَبْدُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَبَابَةَ بْنِ ٱلشَّٰهِدِ، بِهَمْدَانَ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ ٱلْفَضْلُ بْنُ ٱلْفَضْلِ بْنِ ٱلْعَبَّاسِ ٱلْكِنْدِيُّ، أَنَا أَبُو خَلِيفَةَ ٱلْفَضْلُ بْنُ حُبَابٍ ٱلْجُمَحِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْوَلِيدِ ٱلطَّيَالِسِيُّ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: ﴿فَإِنَّ لَهُۥ مَعِيشَةً ضَنكًا﴾ [طه: ١٢٤] قَالَ: «عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
57. Abū Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Shabāba ibn al-Shāhid informed us in Hamdān: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās al-Faḍl ibn al-Faḍl ibn al-ʿAbbās al-Kindī narrated to us: Abū Khalīfa al-Faḍl ibn Ḥubāb al-Jumaḥī informed us: Abū ʾl-Walīd al-Ṭayālisī narrated to us: Ḥammād ibn Salama narrated to us on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr, on the authority of Abū Salama, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said, [regarding the verse] “
then for him is a straitened life” [Ṭāhā: 124]: “
[It is] the punishment of the grave.”
[47]
٥٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ ٱلْحُسَيْنِ، ثَنَا آدَمُ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «ٱلْمَعِيشَةُ ٱلضَّنْكُ عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
58. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥasan informed us: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ḥusayn narrated to us: Ādam narrated to us: Ḥammād ibn Salama narrated to us on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr, on the authority of Abū Salama, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “The straitened life is the punishment of the grave.”
٥٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، فِي كِتَابِ ٱلْمُسْتَدْرَكِ، أَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلْعَنْبَرِيُّ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلسَّلَامِ، ثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثَنَا ٱلنَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ ٱلْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنِ ٱلنُّعْمَانِ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ٱلْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: ﴿مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكًا﴾ [طه: ١٢٤] قَالَ: «عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ» كَذَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مَرْفُوعًا وَكَذَٰلِكَ رَوَاهُ حَفْصُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ مَرْفُوعًا
59. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us in the book of
al-Mustadrak: Abū Zakariyyā Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad al-ʿAnbarī informed us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Salām narrated to us: Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm narrated to us: al-Naḍr ibn Shumayl narrated to us: Ḥammād ibn Salama narrated to us on the authority of Abū Ḥāzim al-Madīnī, on the authority of al-Nuʿmān ibn Abī ʿAyyāsh, on the authority of Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said regarding “
a straitened life” [Ṭāhā: 124] [that]: “
[It is] the punishment of the grave.” Thus he informed us of it as a
marfūʿ report, and likewise Ḥafṣ ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān narrated it on the authority of Ḥammād as a
marfūʿ report.
[48]
٦٠ - وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّاغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُوسَى ٱلْأَشْيَبُ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ ٱلْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنِ ٱلنُّعْمَانِ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ ٱلْفَضْلِ ٱلضَّبِّيُّ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، نَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، نَا سُفْيَانُ، ثَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ٱلْخُدْرِيِّ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكًا﴾ [طه: ١٢٤] قَالَ: «يُضَيَّقُ عَلَيْهِ قَبْرُهُ حَتَّىٰ تَخْتَلِفَ أَضْلَاعُهُ فِيهِ»
60. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb informed us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣāghānī narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn Mūsā al-Ashyab narrated to us: Ḥammād ibn Salama narrated to us on the authority of Abū Ḥāzim al-Madīnī, on the authority of al-Nuʿmān ibn Abī ʿAyyāsh: [alternatively] ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Qatāda informed us: Abū Manṣūr al-ʿAbbās ibn al-Faḍl al-Ḍabbī informed us: Aḥmad ibn Najda informed us: Saʿīd ibn Manṣūr informed us: Sufyān informed us: Abū Ḥāzim narrated to us: Abū Salama narrated to us on the authority of Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī regarding His saying, “
a straitened life” [Tāhā: 124]: “His grave will be constricted upon him until his ribs interlace within it.”
[49]
٦١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ دَرَّاجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ٱلْهَيْثَمِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ٱلْخُدْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ ٱلْمَعِيشَةَ ٱلضَّنْكَ أَنْ يُسَلَّطَ عَلَيْهِ تِسْعٌ وَتِسْعُونَ تِنِّينًا يَنْهَشُهُ فِي ٱلْقَبْرِ»
61. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṣāliḥ narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn Ayyūb narrated to me on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sulaymān, on the authority of Darrāj, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Haytham, on the authority of Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: “Indeed, the straitened life is that ninety-nine dragons
[50] are set upon him, biting him in the grave.”
[51]
٦٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، نَا مَخْلَدٌ، ثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، نَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ ٱلْمُخَارِقِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ يَعْنِي ٱبْنَ مَسْعُودٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكًا﴾ [طه: ١٢٤] قَالَ: «عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
62. Abū ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Saʿīd informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Makhlad narrated to us: Abū Nuʿaym narrated to us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mukhāriq, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh – meaning ibn Masʿūd – who said, regarding His saying “a straitened life” [Ṭā Hā: 124]: “[It is] the punishment of the grave.”
٦٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، نَا مُحَمَّدٌ، نَا قَبِيصَةُ، نَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، ﴿فَإِنَّ لَهُ مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكًا﴾ [طه: ١٢٤] قَالَ: «عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
63. Abū ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Saʿīd informed us, saying: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Muḥammad narrated to us: Qabīṣa narrated to us: Sufyān narrated to us on the authority of Ismāʿīl, on the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ, who said, regarding His saying, “
then indeed he will have a straitened life” [Ṭā Hā: 124]: “[It is] the punishment of the grave.”
[52]
٦٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، نَا مُحَمَّدٌ، نَا قُرَادِ بْنُ نُوحٍ، أَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ ٱلسُّدِّيِّ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكًا﴾ [طه: ١٢٤] قَالَ: «عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
64. Abū ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Saʿīd informed us, saying: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Muḥammad narrated to us: Qurād ibn Nūḥ narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of al-Suddī, who said, regarding His saying, “a straitened life” [Ṭā Hā: 124]: “[It is] the punishment of the grave.”
٦٥ - وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ٱلْحَسَنِ ٱلْبَصْرِيِّ مِثْلُ ذَٰلِكَ
65. And the like of that has been narrated from al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī.
٦٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ ٱلْقَاضِي، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ ٱلْحُسَيْنِ، ثَنَا آدَمُ، نَا وَرْقَاءُ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ﴿مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكًا﴾ [طه: ١٢٤] قَالَ: «ضَيِّقَةٌ يُضَيَّقُ عَلَيْهِ قَبْرُهُ»
66. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥasan al-Qāḍī informed us: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ḥusayn narrated to us: Ādam narrated to us: Warqāʾ narrated to us on the authority of ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid who said, regarding “a straitened life” [Ṭā Hā: 124]: “Constricted; his grave will be constricted upon him.”
٦٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ الْعَدْلُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ، ثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ يَحْيَى أَبُو غَسَّانَ، نَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ الْمَيِّتَ إِذَا وُضِعَ فِي قَبْرِهِ إِنَّهُ لَيَسْمَعُ خَفْقَ نِعَالِهِمْ حِينَ يُوَلُّونَ عَنْهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُؤْمِنًا كَانَتِ الصَّلَاةُ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ، وَكَانَ الصِّيَامُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَكَانَتِ الزَّكَاةُ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ، وَكَانَ فِعْلُ الْخَيْرَاتِ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ وَالصِّلَةِ وَالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ إِلَى النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رِجْلَيْهِ، فَيُؤْتَى مِنْ قِبَلِ رَأْسِهِ فَتَقُولُ الصَّلَاةُ: مَا قِبَلِي مَدْخَلٌ، ثُمَّ يُؤْتَى عَنْ يَمِينِهِ فَيَقُولُ الصِّيَامُ: مَا قِبَلِي مَدْخَلٌ، ثُمَّ يُؤْتَى عَنْ يَسَارِهِ فَتَقُولُ الزَّكَاةُ مَا قِبَلِي مَدْخَلٌ، ثُمَّ يُؤْتَى مِنْ قِبَلِ رِجْلَيْهِ، فَتَقُولُ: فَعَلَ الْخَيْرَاتِ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ وَالصِّلَةِ وَالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ إِلَى النَّاسِ مَا قِبَلِي مَدْخَلٌ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: ٱجْلِسْ فَيَجْلِسُ قَدْ مُثِّلَتْ لَهُ الشَّمْسُ قَدْ دَنَتْ لِلْغُرُوبِ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: هَذَا مَا تَقُولُ فِيهِ؟ فَيَقُولُ: دَعُونِي أُصَلِّي قَالَ: فَيَقُولَانِ: إِنَّكَ سَتَفْعَلُ هَذَا فَأَخْبِرْنَا عَمَّا نَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهُ قَالَ: عَمَّا تَسْأَلُونِي؟ قَالَ: مَاذَا تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي فِيكُمْ وَبِمَ تَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهِ؟ فَيَقُولُ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَاءَ بِالْحَقِّ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَيِيتَ وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ مِتَّ وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ تُبْعَثُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ يُفْتَحُ لَهُ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيُقَالُ: ٱنْظُرْ إِلَى مَقْعَدِكَ مِنْهَا وَمَا أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ ﷿ لَكَ فِيهَا فَيَزْدَادُ غِبْطَةً وَسُرُورًا، ثُمَّ يُفْسَحُ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ سَبْعُونَ ذِرَاعًا وَيُنَوَّرُ لَهُ وَيُعَادُ الْجَسَدُ كَمَا بَدَأَ، وَتُجْعَلُ نَسْمَتُهُ مِنَ النَّسِيمِ الطَّيِّبِ وَهُوَ طَائِرٌ يَعْلَقُ فِي شَجَرِ الْجَنَّةِ» قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: وَسَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ قَالَ: «فَيَنَامُ نَوْمَةَ الْعَرُوسِ لَا يُوقِظُهُ إِلَّا أَحَبُّ أَهْلِهِ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَبْعَثَهُ اللَّهُ ﷿» ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: «وَهُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿ ﴿يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ وَيُضِلُّ اللَّهُ الظَّالِمِينَ وَيَفْعَلُ اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ﴾ وَإِنْ كَانَ كَافِرًا أُتِيَ مِنْ قِبَلِ رَأْسِهِ فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ شَيْءٌ ثُمَّ أُتِيَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ شَيْءٌ ثُمَّ، أُتِيَ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ شَيْءٌ، ثُمَّ أُتِيَ مِنْ قِبَلِ رِجْلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ شَيْءٌ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: ٱجْلِسْ فَيَجْلِسُ خَائِفًا مَرْعُوبًا، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: أَرَأَيْتَكَ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي كَانَ فِيكُمْ أَيُّ رَجُلٍ هُوَ، مَاذَا تَقُولُ فِيهِ وَمَاذَا تَشْهَدُ بِهِ عَلَيْهِ؟ فَيَقُولُ: أَيُّ رَجُلٍ؟ فَيُقَالُ: الَّذِي كَانَ فِيكُمْ، فَلَا يَهْتَدِي لِٱسْمِهِ حَتَّى يُقَالُ: مُحَمَّدٌ، فَيَقُولُ: مَا أَدْرِي سَمِعْتُ النَّاسَ قَالُوا قَوْلًا فَقُلْتُ كَمَا قَالَ النَّاسُ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَيِيتَ، وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ مِتَّ وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ تُبْعَثُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ يُفْتَحُ لَهُ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ النَّارِ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: ذَلِكَ مَقْعَدُكَ مِنَ النَّارِ وَمَا أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ فِيهَا، فَيَزْدَادُ حَسْرَةً وَثُبُورًا، ثُمَّ يُفْتَحُ لَهُ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: هَذَا مَقْعَدُكَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَمَا أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ فِيهَا لَوْ أَطَعْتَهُ، فَيَزْدَادُ حَسْرَةً وَثُبُورًا، ثُمَّ يُضَيَّقُ عَلَيْهِ قَبْرُهُ حَتَّى تَخْتَلِفَ فِيهِ أَضْلَاعُهُ» قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: «فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷿ ﴿فَإِنَّ لَهُ مَعِيشَةً ضَنْكًا وَنَحْشُرُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَعْمَى﴾ [طه:١٢٤]»
67. Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bishrān al-ʿAdl in Baghdad informed us: Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad al-Baṣrī informed us: Mālik ibn Yaḥyā Abū Ghassān narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAṭāʾ narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr informed us on the authority of Abū Salama, on the authority of Abū Hurayra: The Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Indeed, when the deceased is placed in his grave, he hears the thumping of their sandals as they turn away from him. If he was a believer, prayer is at his head, fasting is on his right, zakāt is on his left, and the performance of good deeds – such as charity, maintaining ties of kinship, honorable conduct, and kindness to people – is at his feet. Then he is approached from the direction of his head, and prayer says, ‘There is no entry from my side.’ Then he is approached from his right, and fasting says, ‘There is no entry from my side.’ Then he is approached from his left, and zakāt says, ‘There is no entry from my side.’ Then he is approached from the direction of his feet, and good deeds – such as charity, maintaining ties of kinship, honorable conduct, and kindness to people – say, ‘There is no entry from my side.’ It is said to him, ‘Sit up,’ and he sits up, while the sun is made to appear to him as though it is setting. It is said to him, ‘This man – what do you say regarding him?’ He says, ‘Leave me so that I may pray.’ They say, ‘You shall indeed do so, but answer what we ask you about.’ He asks, ‘What are you asking me about?’ They say, ‘What do you say regarding this man who was among you, and what do you testify concerning him?’ He answers, ‘I testify that he is the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who came with the truth from Allah.’ It is said to him, ‘Upon that you lived, upon that you died, and upon that you shall be resurrected, if Allah wills.’ Then a door from the doors of Paradise is opened for him, and it is said, ‘Look at your seat therein and what Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – has prepared for you in it,’ and he increases in joy and happiness. Then his grave is expanded for him by seventy cubits, illuminated for him, his body is restored as it was at the beginning, and his soul is placed in a pleasant breeze, as a bird perching upon the trees of Paradise.” Muḥammad [ibn ʿAmr] said: I heard ʿUmar ibn al-Ḥakam ibn Thawbān say: “He then sleeps the sleep of a bridegroom, whom no one awakens except the most beloved of his family to him, until Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – resurrects him.” Then he returned to the hadith of Abū Hurayra, who said: “And that is [the meaning of] the saying of Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He: ‘Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life and in the Hereafter, and Allah leads the wrongdoers astray, and Allah does what He wills’ [Ibrāhīm: 27]. But if he was a disbeliever, he is approached from the direction of his head and nothing is found; then he is approached from his right and nothing is found; then he is approached from his left and nothing is found; then he is approached from the direction of his feet and nothing is found. It is said to him, ‘Sit up,’ and he sits up, fearful and terrified. It is said to him, ‘What do you think of this man who was among you? What manner of man was he? What do you say regarding him, and what do you testify concerning him?’ He asks, ‘Which man?’ It is said, ‘The one who was among you.’ He cannot even recall his name until it is said, ‘Muḥammad?’ He answers, ‘I do not know; I heard people saying something, so I said what the people said.’ It is said to him, ‘Upon that you lived, upon that you died, and upon that you shall be resurrected, if Allah wills.’ Then a door from the doors of the Fire is opened for him, and it is said to him, ‘That is your seat in the Fire and what Allah has prepared for you therein,’ and he increases in regret and destruction. Then a door from the doors of Paradise is opened for him, and it is said to him, ‘This would have been your seat in Paradise and what Allah prepared for you in it, had you obeyed Him,’ and he increases in regret and destruction. Then his grave is constricted upon him until his ribs interlace.” Abū Hurayra said: “And that is [the meaning of] the saying of Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He: ‘For indeed, he will have a straitened life, and We will gather him on the Day of Resurrection blind.’" [Ṭāhā: 124][53]
٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، أَنَا جَدِّي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، نَا هَارُونُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَيْلِيُّ، أَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ ٱلْحَارِثِ، عَنْ دَرَّاجٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حُجَيْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ فِي قَبْرِهِ فِي رَوْضَةٍ خَضْرَاءَ وَيُرْحَبُ قَبْرُهُ سَبْعِينَ ذِرَاعًا، وَيُنَوَّرُ لَهُ كَٱلْقَمَرِ لَيْلَةَ ٱلْبَدْرِ، أَتَدْرُونَ فِيمَا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ ٱلْآيَةُ ﴿فَإِنَّ لَهُۥ مَعِيشَةً ضَنكًا وَنَحْشُرُهُۥ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ أَعْمَىٰ﴾ [طه: ١٢٤] أَتَدْرُونَ مَا ٱلْمَعِيشَةُ ٱلضَّنْكُ؟ قَالُوا: ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ: عَذَابُ ٱلْكَافِرِ فِي قَبْرِهِ، وَٱلَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنَّهُ لَيُسَلَّطُ عَلَيْهِ تِسْعَةٌ وَتِسْعُونَ تِنِّينًا، أَتَدْرُونَ مَا ٱلتِّنِّينُ؟ تِسْعَةٌ وَتِسْعُونَ حَيَّةً لِكُلِّ حَيَّةٍ تِسْعَةُ رُءُوسٍ يَنْفُخُونَ فِي جِسْمِهِ وَيَلْسَعُونَهُ وَيَخْدُشُونَهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ»
68. Abū Ṣāliḥ ibn Abī Ṭāhir al-ʿAnbarī informed us: my grandfather Yaḥyā ibn Manṣūr al-Qāḍī informed us: Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Ismāʿīlī narrated to us: Hārūn ibn Saʿīd al-Aylī narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Wahb informed us: ʿAmr ibn al-Ḥārith informed me, on the authority of Darrāj, on the authority of Abū Ḥujayra, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
The believer in his grave is in a green garden, and his grave is widened for him seventy cubits, and it is illuminated for him like the moon on the night of the full moon. Do you know concerning what this verse was revealed: 'Indeed, for him is a straitened life, and We will gather him on the Day of Resurrection blind' [Ṭā Hā: 124]? Do you know what the straitened life is?” They said: “Allah and His Messenger know best.” He said:
“The punishment of the disbeliever in his grave. By the One in Whose hand is my soul, ninety-nine dragons are set upon him. Do you know what the dragon is? Ninety-nine serpents, each serpent having nine heads, snorting upon his body, biting him, and clawing him until the Day of Resurrection.”
[54]
٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، نَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، نَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، وَقَبِيصَةُ قَالَا: ثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ٱلْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱلْكَرِيمِ، عَنْ أَبِي كُرْبَةَ أَوْ كُرْمَةَ. قَالَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ: هَكَذَا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ، ﴿وَإِنَّ لِلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا عَذَابًا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ﴾ [الطور: ٤٧] قَالَ: «عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
69. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ibn al-Faḍl al-Qaṭṭān informed us in Baghdad: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar informed us: Yaʿqūb ibn Sufyān narrated to us: Abū Nuʿaym and Qabīṣa narrated to us, saying: Sufyān narrated to us on the authority of al-ʿAlāʾ ibn ʿAbd al-Karīm, on the authority of Abū Kurba or Kurma. Abū Nuʿaym said: Thus did Sufyān say on the authority of Zādhān [regarding the verse], “
And indeed, for those who have wronged is a punishment before that” [al-Ṭūr: 47]: “[It is] the punishment of the grave.”
[55]
٧٠ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِقِيُّ، ثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿وَإِنَّ لِلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا عَذَابًا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ﴾ [الطور: ٤٧] يَقُولُ: «عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ قَبْلَ عَذَابِ يَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ»
70. Abū Zakariyyā ibn Abī Isḥāq informed us: Abū ʾl-Ḥasan al-Ṭarāʾiqī informed us: ʿUthmān ibn Saʿīd narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṣāliḥ narrated to us on the authority of Muʿāwiya ibn Ṣāliḥ, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭalḥa, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās – may Allah be pleased with them both – who said, regarding His statement, “
And indeed, for those who have wronged is a punishment before that” [al-Ṭūr: 47]: “
[It is] the punishment of the grave before the punishment of the Day of Resurrection.”
[56]
Notes
[47] Recorded in
al-Mustadrak ʿalā al-Ṣaḥīḥayn, no. 3439.
↩ [48] Recorded in
al-Mustadrak ʿalā al-Ṣaḥīḥayn, no. 3439.
↩ [49] Recorded by al-Ṭabarī in his Jāmiʿ al-Bayān under the exegesis of Sūrah Ṭāhā (20:124).
↩ [51] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ ibn Ḥibbān, no. 5053 as a
marfūʿ report.
↩ [50] “Dragon” translates the Arabic
tinnīn. In
Lisān al-ʿArab (s.v.
t-n-n), Ibn Manẓūr defines the
tinnīn as “a type of serpent like the largest that exists among them” (
ḍarb min al-ḥayyāt ka-aʿẓam mā yakūn minhā). “Dragon” is used here as the standard English rendering for a monstrous serpent, a description the Prophet ﷺ expands upon in Hadith 68.
↩ [52] Recorded in
al-Sunan al-Kubrā by al-Nasāʾī, no. 11475. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ.
↩ [53] Recorded in
Al-Mustadrak ʿalā al-Ṣaḥīḥayn, no. 1403;
Ṣaḥīḥ ibn Ḥibbān, no. 5058; and
Musnad ibn Abī Shayba, no. 12062.
↩ [54] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ ibn Ḥibbān, no. 5154.
↩ [55] Recorded by al-Fasawī in his Al-Maʿrifah wa-l-Tārīkh, 3:154.
↩ [56] Recorded by al-Ṭabarī in his
Jāmiʿ al-bayān, no. 22:487.
↩ بَابُ جَوَازِ ٱلْحَيَاةِ فِي جُزْءٍ مَنْفَرِدٍ وَأَنَّ ٱلْبِنْيَةَ لَيْسَتْ مِنْ شَرْطِ ٱلْحَيَاةِ، كَمَا لَيْسَتْ مِنْ شَرْطِ ٱلْحَيِّ، وَفِي ذَٰلِكَ جَوَازُ تَعْذِيبِ ٱلْأَجْزَاءِ ٱلْمُتَفَرِّقَةِ
11. On the Possibility of Life Existing within a Detached Part, and That an Intact Physical Structure Is Not a Prerequisite for Life—Just as It Is Not a Prerequisite for Being Alive—and Therein Lies the Possibility of the Punishment of Scattered Parts
Chapter 19 of 40
قَالَ ٱللَّهُ ﷿ ﴿وَرَبُّكَ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ وَيَخْتَارُ﴾ [القصص: ٦٨] وَقَالَ ﴿يُثَبِّتُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا بِٱلْقَوْلِ ٱلثَّابِتِ فِي ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَفِي ٱلْآخِرَةِ وَيُضِلُّ ٱللَّهُ ٱلظَّالِمِينَ وَيَفْعَلُ ٱللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧] وَقَالَ ﴿ٱللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلْحَيُّ ٱلْقَيُّومُ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٥٥]، وَقَالَ ﴿لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ وَهُوَ ٱلسَّمِيعُ ٱلْبَصِيرُ﴾ [الشورى: ١١]
Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – said: “And your Lord creates what He wills and chooses” [al-Qaṣaṣ: 68], and He said: “Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life and in the Hereafter. And Allah leads the wrongdoers astray, and Allah does what He wills” [Ibrāhīm: 27], and He said: “Allah, there is no deity except Him, the Living, the Sustainer” [al-Baqara: 255], and He said: “There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing” [al-Shūrā: 11].
٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَخْتَوَيْهِ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، أَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، وَهُدْبَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ قَالُوا: ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ ٱلْبُنَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ تَرَكَ قَتْلَى بَدْرٍ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ أَتَاهُمْ فَقَامَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ: «يَا أَبَا جَهْلِ بْنَ هِشَامٍ، يَا أُمَيَّةُ بْنَ خَلَفٍ، يَا عُتْبَةُ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ، يَا شَيْبَةُ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ، أَلَيْسَ قَدْ وَجَدْتُمْ مَا وَعَدَكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ حَقًّا، فَإِنِّي وَجَدْتُ مَا وَعَدَنِي رَبِّي حَقًّا» فَسَمِعَ عُمَرُ ﵁ قَوْلَ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ، كَيْفَ يَسْمَعُونَ وَأَنَّى يُجِيبُونَ وَقَدْ جَيَّفُوا؟ فَقَالَ: «وَٱلَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَسْمَعَ لِمَا أَقُولُ مِنْهُمْ وَلَٰكِنَّهُمْ لَا يَقْدِرُونَ أَنْ يُجِيبُوا» ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِهِمْ فَسُحِبُوا فَأُلْقُوا فِي قَلِيبِ بَدْرٍ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ هَدَّابِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ بْنُ دِعَامَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: أَحْيَاهُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِأَعْيَانِهِمْ حَتَّى يَسْمَعُوا قَوْلَهُ تَوْبِيخًا وَصَغَارًا وَنِقْمَةً وَنَدَامَةً.
71. Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Sakhtawayh narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb narrated to us: Mūsā ibn Ismāʿīl, ʿAlī ibn ʿUthmān, and Hudba ibn Khālid informed us, saying: Ḥammād ibn Salama narrated to us on the authority of Thābit al-Bunānī, on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – left the slain of Badr for three days, then he came to them, stood over them, and said: “
O Abū Jahl ibn Hishām, O Umayya ibn Khalaf, O ʿUtba ibn Rabīʿa, O Shayba ibn Rabīʿa, have you not found that what your Lord promised you was true? For I have found that what my Lord promised me was true.” ʿUmar – may Allah be pleased with him – heard the words of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and said: “O Messenger of Allah, how can they hear and how can they respond when they have turned into rotting corpses?” He said: “
By Him in whose hand is my soul, you do not hear what I say any better than they do,
but they are unable to respond.” Then he gave the order regarding them, and they were dragged and thrown into the well of Badr. Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Haddāb ibn Khālid. And with a similar meaning, it was narrated by Qatāda ibn Diʿāma on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik, after which Qatāda said: “Allah brought them back to life in their very persons so that they might hear his words as a rebuke, humiliation, vengeance, and regret.”
[57]
٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عُمَرَ ٱلْمُقْرِئُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ٱلْفَقِيهُ قَالَا: أَنَا ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَلَّادٍ ٱلْبَاهِلِيُّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلْأَعْلَى بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْأَعْلَى، نَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ، وَفِي ذَٰلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَىٰ أَنَّ تَغَيُّرَهُمْ عَنْ حَالِهِمْ لَمْ يَمْنَعْ خَلْقَ ٱلْحَيَاةِ فِيهِمْ حَتَّىٰ سَمِعُوا كَلَامَهُ كَذَٰلِكَ إِذَا تَفَتَّتُوا.
72. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʿUmar al-Muqriʾ and Abū Bakr al-Faqīh narrated to me: al-Ḥasan ibn Sufyān informed us: Muḥammad ibn Khallād al-Bāhilī narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Aʿlā ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā narrated to us: Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿArūba informed us on the authority of Qatāda and he mentioned the narration. This provides [clear] evidence that their physical alteration [from their original state] did not preclude life from being created within them to the extent that they could hear his words; the same [principle] applies when [bodies] completely disintegrate.
٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُؤَمَّلٍ، ثَنَا ٱلْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ٱلْمُسَيَّبِ، نَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ، ثَنَا خَلَفُ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ مَقْتَلَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، فَلَمَّا بَانَ رَأْسُهُ قَالَ: «لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ، لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ» ثُمَّ قَالَهَا ٱلثَّالِثَةَ وَلَمْ يُتْمِمْهَا.
73. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Muʾammal informed me: al-Faḍl ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Musayyib narrated to us: Saʿīd ibn Dāwūd narrated to us: Khalaf ibn Khalīfa narrated to us on the authority of his father, who said: “I witnessed the killing of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, and when his head became separated [from his body], it said: ‘There is no deity except Allah! There is no deity except Allah!’ Then it said it a third time, but did not complete it.”
Notes
[57] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2875.
↩ بَابُ ٱلدَّلِيلِ عَلَىٰ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ تَعَالَىٰ يَخْلُقُ عَلَىٰ مَنْ فَارَقَ ٱلدُّنْيَا أَحْوَالًا لَا نُشَاهِدُهَا وَلَا نُدْرِكُهَا يَتَنَعَّمُ فِيهَا قَوْمٌ وَيَتَأَلَّمُ ءَاخَرُونَ
12. On the Evidence that Allah Most High Creates States for Those Who Have Departed This World Which We Neither Witness Nor Perceive, Wherein Some People Enjoy Bliss and Others Suffer Pain
Chapter 20 of 40
قَالَ ٱللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ فِيمَنْ أَنْعَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِٱلْإِيمَانِ وَٱلِٱسْتِقَامَةِ: ﴿تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ أَلَّا تَخَافُوا۟ وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا۟ وَأَبْشِرُوا۟ بِٱلْجَنَّةِ ٱلَّتِي كُنتُمْ تُوعَدُونَ﴾ [فصلت: ٣٠] قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: ذَٰلِكَ عِنْدَ ٱلْمَوْتِ
Allah – Sublime is His Praise – said regarding those upon whom He bestowed the blessing of faith and steadfastness: “The angels descend upon them, [saying], ‘Do not fear and do not grieve, but receive the glad tidings of the Paradise which you were promised’” [Fuṣṣilat: 30]. Mujāhid said: “That is at the time of death.”
٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ ٱلْقَاضِي، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ ٱلْحُسَيْنِ، نَا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسَ، ثَنَا وَرْقَاءُ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فَذَكَرَهُ
74. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥasan al-Qāḍī informed us: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ḥusayn narrated to us: Ādam ibn Abī Iyās informed us: Warqāʾ narrated to us on the authority of ibn Abī Najīḥ, on the authority of Mujāhid, and he mentioned it [the statement above].
٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو ٱلطَّيِّبِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلْجَعْفَرِيُّ بِٱلْكُوفَةِ، ثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عُبَيْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي قُتَيْبَةَ، ثَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ ٱلضَّرِيرُ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلْحَمِيدِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ ٱلْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ «فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ﴾ [فصلت: ٣٠] أَيْ عِنْدَ ٱلْمَوْتِ ﴿أَلَّا تَخَافُوا﴾ [فصلت: ٣٠] أَمَامَكُمْ ﴿وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا﴾ [فصلت: ٣٠] عَلَى مَا خَلْفَكُمْ مِنْ ضَيْعَاتِكُمْ ﴿وَأَبْشِرُوا بِٱلْجَنَّةِ ٱلَّتِي كُنْتُمْ تُوعَدُونَ﴾ [فصلت: ٣٠] قَالَ: يُبَشَّرُ بِثَلَاثِ بِشَارَاتٍ، عِنْدَ ٱلْمَوْتِ، وَإِذَا خَرَجَ مِنَ ٱلْقَبْرِ، وَإِذَا فَزِعَ ﴿نَحْنُ أَوْلِيَٰٓؤُكُمْ فِي ٱلْحَيَاةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا﴾ [فصلت: ٣١] كَانُوا مَعَكُمْ» وَقَالَ فِيمَنْ أَنْعَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِٱلشَّهَادَةِ ﴿وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ أَمْوَٰتًا بَلْ أَحْيَٰٓؤٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ يُرْزَقُونَ * فَرِحِينَ بِمَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٦٩ - ١٧٠] فَقَطَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِأَنَّهُمْ أَحْيَٰٓؤٌ وَهُمْ ذَا يُرَوْنَ فِي دَارِ ٱلدُّنْيَا مُتَشَحِّطِينَ فِي ٱلدِّمَاءِ قَدْ صَارُوا جِيفَةً تَأْكُلُهُمْ سِبَاعُ ٱلطُّيُورِ وَٱلْوُحُوشِ، وَفِي ذَٰلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ خَلْقِ ٱللَّهِ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمْ أَحْوَٰلًا يَسْتَمْتِعُونَ فِيهَا وَإِنْ كُنَّا لَا نَقِفُ عَلَيْهَا
75. Abū ʾl-Ṭayyib Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad al-Jaʿfarī informed us in Kufa: Abū Aḥmad ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Mūsā ibn Abī Qutayba narrated to us: Abū ʿUmar al-Ḍarīr narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn Ṣāliḥ narrated to us on the authority of Ibn al-Mubārak, on the authority of Sufyān regarding His saying: “
The angels descend upon them,” meaning at death; “
Do not fear,” meaning what is ahead of you; “
and do not grieve,” meaning over what you left behind of your properties; “
and receive good tidings of the Paradise which you were promised.” [Fuṣṣilat: 30] He said: “He is given three glad tidings: at death, when he emerges from the grave, and when terror strikes [on Judgment Day]. [And regarding His saying]: ‘
We were your allies in the worldly life’ [Fuṣṣilat: 31], meaning they were with you.”
[58] And He said regarding those whom He blessed with martyrdom: “
And do not think of those who have been killed in the way of Allah as dead; rather, they are alive with their Lord, being provided for, rejoicing in what Allah has bestowed upon them of His bounty.” [Āl ʿImrān: 169–170] Thus, He affirmed decisively that they are alive, even while they are seen in the abode of this world wallowing in blood, having become carcasses eaten by birds and beasts of prey. In that is evidence for the permissibility of Allah – Exalted is He – creating for them states wherein they enjoy themselves, even if we do not perceive them.
٧٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، ثَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْنَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ هَٰذِهِ الْآيَةِ ﴿وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتًا ۚ بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ يُرْزَقُونَ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٦٩] قَالَ: أَمَا إِنَّا قَدْ سَأَلْنَا عَنْ ذَٰلِكَ، فَقَالَ: «أَرْوَاحُهُمْ كَطَيْرٍ خُضْرٍ تَسْرَحُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ فِي أَيِّهَا شَاءَتْ، ثُمَّ تَأْوِي إِلَىٰ قَنَادِيلَ مُعَلَّقَةٍ بِالْعَرْشِ قَالَ: فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ كَذَٰلِكَ إِذِ اطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَبُّكَ اطِّلَاعَةً فَقَالَ: سَلُونِي مَا شِئْتُمْ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَبَّنَا، مَا نَسْأَلُكَ وَنَحْنُ نَسْرَحُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ فِي أَيِّهَا شِئْنَا؟ فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُتْرَكُونَ مِنْ أَنْ يَسْأَلُوا قَالُوا: نَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ تَرُدَّ أَرْوَاحَنَا إِلَىٰ أَجْسَادِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا تُقْتَلُ فِي سَبِيلِكَ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا رَأَىٰ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَسْأَلُونَ إِلَّا هَٰذَا تُرِكُوا»
76. Abū Bakr ibn al-Ḥasan al-Qāḍī informed us: Ḥājib ibn Aḥmad narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Ḥammād narrated to us: Abū Muʿāwiya narrated to us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of ʿAbdallāh ibn Murra, on the authority of Masrūq, who said: We asked ʿAbdallāh – meaning ibn Masʿūd – about this verse: "
Do not think of those who are slain in the way of Allah as dead. Rather, they are alive with their Lord, receiving provision" [Āl ʿImrān: 169], and he said: Indeed, we already asked [the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace] about that, and he said: “Their souls are like green birds, roaming freely in Paradise wherever they wish, then taking refuge in lamps suspended from the Throne. While they were in that state, your Lord looked down upon them and said: ‘Ask Me for whatever you wish.’ They said: ‘O our Lord, what should we ask of You when we roam freely in Paradise wherever we wish?’ When they saw that they would not be left without asking, they said: ‘We ask You to return our souls to our bodies in the worldly life so that we may be slain in Your way.’ He said: When He saw that they would not ask for anything other than this, they were left.”
[59]
٧٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ ٱلْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ، أَنَا ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، نَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا أَبُو مُوسَى فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَهَكَذَا قَالَهُ جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْحَمِيدِ وَعِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ وَجَمَاعَةٌ عَنْ ٱلْأَعْمَشِ «كَطَيْرٍ خُضْرٍ» وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: «فِي جَوْفِ طَيْرٍ خُضْرٍ»
77. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Abī ʿAlī al-Mihrajānī informed us: al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq informed us: Yūsuf ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Abū Mūsā narrated to us: and he mentioned its meaning. Narrated by Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Yaḥyā, and others on the authority of Abū Muʿāwiya; and thus it was stated by Jarīr ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd, ʿĪsā ibn Yūnus, and a group on the authority of al-Aʿmash: “like green birds,” while some of them said: “inside the bellies of green birds.”
٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ ٱلْحُسَيْنِ ٱلْقَاضِي، بِمَرْوَ، ثَنَا ٱلْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، ثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا ٱلْحَارِثُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ ٱلْأَنْصَارِيُّ، عَنْ مَحْمُودِ بْنِ لُبَيْدٍ ٱلْأَنْصَارِيِّ عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «ٱلشُّهَدَاءُ عَلَى بَارِقٍ - نَهْرٍ بِبَابِ ٱلْجَنَّةِ - فِي قُبَّةٍ خَضْرَاءَ يَخْرُجُ عَلَيْهِمْ رِزْقُهُمْ بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيًّا»
78. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Qāḍī informed me at Marw: al-Ḥārith ibn Abī Usāma narrated to us: Yazīd ibn Hārūn narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq informed us: al-Ḥārith ibn Fuḍayl al-Anṣārī narrated to us on the authority of Maḥmūd ibn Lubayd al-Anṣārī, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
The martyrs are at Bāriq – a river at the gate of Paradise – in a green dome; their provision is brought out to them morning and evening.”
[60]
قَالَ ٱلشَّيْخُ ﵀: ٱلْحَدِيثُ ٱلْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ مِنْ هَٰذَا، وَرُوِيَ عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلُ حَدِيثِ ٱبْنِ مَسْعُودٍ فَإِنْ صَحَّ هَٰذَا فَكَأَنَّهُ فِي قَوْمٍ مِنْهُمْ، وَٱلْحَدِيثُ ٱلْأَوَّلُ فِي آخَرِينَ وَلِأَهْلِ ٱلْجَنَّةِ مَنَازِلُ وَدَرَجَاتٌ، وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَهْلُ ٱلنَّارِ أَحْوَالُهُمْ فِيمَا يُعَذَّبُونَ بِهِ مُخْتَلِفَاتٌ، وَعَلَى ذَٰلِكَ يُحْمَلُ مَا رُوِّينَا فِي أَنْوَاعِ ٱلثَّوَابِ وَٱلْعِقَابِ، فَيُصْنَعُ بِقَوْمٍ هَٰكَذَا وَبِقَوْمٍ كَذَٰلِكَ لَا أَنَّ شَيْئًا مِنْ هَٰذِهِ ٱلْأَخْبَارِ يُخَالِفُ صَاحِبَهَا خِلَافَ تَنَاقُضٍ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَحْوَالَهُمْ تَخْتَلِفُ فِي أَنْوَاعِ مَا يُجْزَوْنَ بِهِ مِنَ ٱلثَّوَابِ وَٱلْعِقَابِ
The Shaykh – may Allah have mercy on him – said: The first
ḥadīth[61]
is more authentic than this one, and a narration similar to the
ḥadīth of ibn Masʿūd has also been reported from ibn ʿAbbās on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Thus, if this [latter] report is authentic, it applies to one group among them, while the first
ḥadīth applies to others. For the people of Paradise possess varying stations and degrees, and likewise, the people of the Fire differ in the conditions of their punishment. It is in light of this that everything we have narrated regarding the various forms of reward and punishment is to be understood – such that one group is dealt with in this manner, and another group in that manner. It is not that any of these reports contradict one another in a true, contradictory sense; rather, their circumstances simply vary according to the types of reward and punishment they receive.
٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَنْبَا ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ ٱلْفَضْلِ ٱلْأُسْفَاطِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْوَلِيدِ ٱلطَّيَالِسِيُّ، نَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ٱلْمُنْكَدِرِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ يَقُولُ: لَمَّا قُتِلَ أَبِي يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ جَعَلْتُ أَبْكِي وَأَكْشِفُ ٱلثَّوْبَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ وَجَعَلَ أَصْحَابُ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَنْهَوْنِي عَنْ ذَٰلِكَ وَٱلنَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَا يَنْهَانِي عَنْ ذَٰلِكَ، وَجَعَلَتْ عَيْنَيَّ تَبْكِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا تَبْكِ، أَوْ مَا يُبْكِيكَ، مَا زَالَتِ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ تُظِلُّهُ بِأَجْنِحَتِهَا حَتَّىٰ رَفَعْتُمُوهُ» رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي ٱلْوَلِيدِ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ ٱبْنُ جُرَيْجٍ وَٱبْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ٱلْمُنْكَدِرِ
79. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Isḥāq informed us: al-ʿAbbās ibn al-Faḍl al-Usfāṭī informed us: Abū ʾl-Walīd al-Ṭayālisī narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of Muḥammad ibn al-Munkadir who said: I heard Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh saying: When my father was killed on the day of Uḥud, I began to weep and uncover the cloth from his face, and the companions of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – began to forbid me from doing so, while the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – did not forbid me from doing so. My eyes continued to weep, and the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Do not weep,” or “
What makes you weep? The angels have continued to shade him with their wings until you lifted him up.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū ʾl-Walīd, and he transmitted it by another route on the authority of Shuʿba, and it was narrated by ibn Jurayj and ibn ʿUyayna on the authority of Muḥammad ibn al-Munkadir.
[62]
٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ ٱلْعَدْلُ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْوَلِيدِ، وَمُسْلِمٌ، وَأَبُو عُمَرَ قَالُوا: نَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَدِيٍّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ٱلْبَرَاءَ يَقُولُ: لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ﵇ قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ لَهُ مُرْضِعًا فِي ٱلْجَنَّةِ»،
80. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Saʿīd ibn ʿAmr ibn Muḥammad ibn Manṣūr al-ʿAdl informed us: Muḥammad ibn Ghālib narrated to us: Abū ʾl-Walīd, Muslim, and Abū ʿUmar narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of ʿAdī: I heard al-Barāʾ saying: When Ibrāhīm – upon him be peace – passed away, the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Indeed, he has a wet-nurse in Paradise.”
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٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، نَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: «لَمَّا مَاتَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ٱبْنُ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ»، فَذَكَرَهُ. رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي ٱلْوَلِيدِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ.
81. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār informed us: Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh Abū Muslim narrated to us: Sulaymān ibn Ḥarb narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us, and he mentioned it with his chain of transmission, saying: “
When Ibrāhīm, the son of the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – died…” and he mentioned the report. It was narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Walīd Sulaymān ibn Ḥarb.
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فَحَكَمَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى ٱبْنِهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ﵇ بِأَنَّ لَهُ مُرْضِعًا فِي ٱلْجَنَّةِ وَهُوَ مَدْفُونٌ بِبَقِيعِ ٱلْغَرْقَدِ فِي مَقْبَرَةِ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَخْبَرَ عَنْ إِظْلَالِ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةِ عَبْدَ ٱللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَرَامٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَصْحَابُهُ لَا يَقِفُونَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مُعَايَنَةً وَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ، وَفِيمَا رُوِيَ مِنْ أَمْثَالِهِ، تَرَكْنَاهُ لِأَجْلِ ٱلتَّخْفِيفِ وَتَرْكِ ٱلتَّطْوِيلِ، دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى مَا قَصَدْنَاهُ مِنْ جَوَازِ حُدُوثِ هَذِهِ ٱلْأَحْوَالِ عَلَى مَنْ فَارَقَ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَإِنْ كُنَّا لَا نُشَاهِدُهَا وَلَا نَقِفُ عَلَيْهَا وَوَجَبَ إِسْنَادُهَا عِنْدَ وُرُودِ ٱلْخَبَرِ ٱلصَّحِيحِ بِهَا.
Thus, the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – affirmed concerning his son Ibrāhīm – upon him be peace – that he has a wet nurse in Paradise, even though he was buried in Baqīʿ al-Gharqad in the graveyard of Medina; and he informed that the angels shaded ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn Ḥarām, even though his Companions could not perceive any of that by direct observation. In all of this, as well as in the similar reports that we have omitted for the sake of brevity and to avoid lengthiness, there is evidence for what we intended to demonstrate: namely, the permissibility of these states occurring to those who have departed this world, even if we do not witness them or perceive them directly, and the obligation to affirm them whenever an authentic report concerning them arrives.
وَقَدْ قَالَ ٱللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ فِيمَنْ حُكِمَ عَلَيْهِ بِٱلْعَذَابِ ﴿وَلَوْ تَرَىٰ إِذْ يَتَوَفَّى ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ يَضْرِبُونَ وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَدْبَارَهُمْ وَذُوقُوا عَذَابَ ٱلْحَرِيقِ * ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيكُمْ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِظَلَّامٍ لِّلْعَبِيدِ﴾ [الأنفال: ٥١] وَقَالَ ﴿وَلَوْ تَرَىٰ إِذِ ٱلظَّالِمُونَ فِي غَمَرَاتِ ٱلْمَوْتِ وَٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ بَاسِطُوا أَيْدِيهِمْ أَخْرِجُوا أَنفُسَكُمُ ٱلْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ ٱلْهُونِ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَقُولُونَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ غَيْرَ ٱلْحَقِّ وَكُنتُمْ عَنْ ءَايَاتِهِ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ﴾ [الأنعام: ٩٣]
Allah – Sublime is His Praise – has said concerning those decreed to suffer punishment: "And if you could but see when the angels take the souls of those who disbelieved, striking their faces and their backs and saying, 'Taste the punishment of the Burning Fire! That is for what your hands have put forth and because Allah is not ever unjust to His servants.'" [al-Anfāl: 50–51] And He said: "And if you could but see when the wrongdoers are in the agonies of death while the angels stretch out their hands, saying, 'Deliver your souls! Today you will be awarded the punishment of extreme humiliation for what you used to say against Allah other than the truth and because you were arrogant toward His verses.'” [al-Anʿām: 93]
وَقَالَ فِي آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ ﴿ٱلنَّارُ يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَيْهَا غُدُوًّا وَعَشِيًّا، وَيَوْمَ تَقُومُ ٱلسَّاعَةُ أَدْخِلُوا۟ ءَالَ فِرْعَوْنَ أَشَدَّ ٱلْعَذَابِ﴾ [غافر: ٤٦] فَحَكَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِضَرْبِ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةِ وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَدْبَارَهُمْ حِينَ تَتَوَفَّاهُمُ، وَإِنْ كُنَّا لَا نُشَاهِدُهُ، وَبِمَا تَقُولُ لَهُمُ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ عِنْدَ ٱلْمَوْتِ وَهُمْ بَاسِطُو أَيْدِيهِمْ، وَإِنْ كُنَّا لَا نَسْمَعُهُ، وَعَلَى آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ بِعَرْضِهِمْ عَلَى ٱلنَّارِ غُدُوًّا وَعَشِيًّا مَا دَامَتِ ٱلدُّنْيَا، وَإِنْ كُنَّا لَا نَقِفُ عَلَيْهِ، وَفِي كُلِّ ذَٰلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى مَا قُلْنَاهُ
And He said concerning the family of Pharaoh: "The Fire, they are exposed to it morning and evening, and on the Day the Hour is established [it will be said]: 'Admit the family of Pharaoh into the severest punishment.'" [Ghāfir: 46] He thus decreed concerning them that the angels strike their faces and their backs when taking them in death – even though we do not witness it – and what the angels say to them at death as they stretch forth their hands – even though we do not hear it – and concerning the family of Pharaoh, that they are exposed to the Fire morning and evening as long as this world endures – even though we cannot directly perceive it. In all of this lies proof for what we have stated.
٨٢ - وَفِي مِثْلِ ذَٰلِكَ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو طَاهِرٍ ٱلْفَقِيهُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالُوا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱلْحَكَمِ، أَنَا أَبِي، وَشُعَيْبُ بْنُ ٱللَّيْثِ قَالَا: ثَنَا ٱللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ ٱلْهَادِي، عَنِ ٱبْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ ٱلْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «رَأَيْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ عَامِرٍ ٱلْخُزَاعِيَّ يَجُرُّ قُصَبَهُ فِي ٱلنَّارِ كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ سَيَّبَ ٱلسَّائِبَةَ» مُخَرَّجٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ٱلزُّهْرِيِّ وَمِنْ حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ ٱلْهَادِ فِي كِتَابِ ٱلْبُخَارِيِّ وَثَبَتَ ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ وَأَبِي ٱلزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ
82. And regarding the likes of that is what Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ, Abū Ṭāhir al-Faqīh, Abū Zakariyyā ibn Abī Isḥāq, and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: they said: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam informed us: my father and Shuʿayb ibn al-Layth narrated to us: they said: al-Layth narrated to us on the authority of Ibn al-Hādī, on the authority of ibn Shihāb, on the authority of Ibn al-Musayyib, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – saying: “
I saw ʿAmr ibn ʿĀmir al-Khuzāʿī dragging his intestines in the Fire; he was the first to let loose a camel for the idols.” Transmitted in the two
Ṣaḥīḥs from the hadith of al-Zuhrī and from the hadith of Yazīd ibn al-Hād in the book of al-Bukhārī; it is also established from the hadith of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – and Abū ʾl-Zubayr on the authority of Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
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٨٣ - أَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، ثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ ٱلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ٱلزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: خَسَفَتِ ٱلشَّمْسُ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ، ٱلْحَدِيثُ. قَالَ: «لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ جَهَنَّمَ يَحْطِمُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا حِينَ رَأَيْتُمُونِي أَتَأَخَّرُ، وَرَأَيْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ لُحَيٍّ يَجُرُّ قُصَبَهُ فِي ٱلنَّارِ وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَيَّبَ ٱلسَّوَائِبَ» رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ
83. As for the hadith of ʿĀʾisha, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Ziyād informed me: ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Dīnār narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Abī Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Ḥassān ibn Ibrāhīm narrated to us on the authority of Yūnus, on the authority of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of ʿUrwa, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – who said: The sun eclipsed, so the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – stood up, [and he narrated] the full hadith, continuing: “
I saw Hellfire, its parts crushing one another, when you saw me drawing back; and I saw ʿAmr ibn Luḥayy dragging his intestines in the Fire, and he was the first to let loose camels for the idols.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Abī Yaʿqūb, and Muslim narrated it from another route on the authority of Yūnus ibn Yazīd.
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٨٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ، فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ، انْبَا عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، ثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثَنَا هِشَامٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ قَالَ: كَسَفَتِ ٱلشَّمْسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ ٱلْحَدِيثَ قَالَ: وَجَعَلَ يَتَقَدَّمُ وَيَتَأَخَّرُ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُ عُرِضَتْ عَلَيَّ ٱلْجَنَّةُ وَٱلنَّارُ فَقُرِّبْتُ مِنَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى لَوْ تَنَاوَلْتُ مِنْهَا قِطْفًا قُصِرَتْ يَدِي عَنْهُ، أَوْ قَالَ: نِلْتُهُ، شَكَّ هِشَامٌ، وَعُرِضَتْ عَلَيَّ ٱلنَّارُ فَجَعَلْتُ أَتَأَخَّرُ رَهْبَةً أَنْ تَغْشَاكُمْ، وَرَأَيْتُ ٱمْرَأَةً حِمْيَرِيَّةً سَوْدَاءَ طَوِيلَةً تُعَذَّبُ فِي هِرَّةٍ لَهَا رَبَطَتْهَا فَلَمْ تُطْعِمْهَا وَلَمْ تَسْقِهَا وَلَمْ تَدَعْهَا تَأْكُلُ مِنْ خَشَاشِ ٱلْأَرْضِ وَرَأَيْتُ فِيهَا أَبَا ثُمَامَةَ عَمْرَو بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَجُرُّ قُصْبَهُ فِي ٱلنَّارِ» مُخَرَّجٌ فِي كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هِشَامٍ ٱلدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ
84. As for the hadith of Abū ʾl-Zubayr on the authority of Jābir, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Fūrak informed us of it: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar informed us; Yūnus ibn Ḥabīb narrated to us; Abū Dāwud narrated to us; Hishām narrated to us on the authority of Abū ʾl-Zubayr, on the authority of Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh, who said: The sun eclipsed during the time of the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and he mentioned the hadith, and he said: He began to move forward and backward, then he turned to his companions and said: “
Indeed, Paradise and the Fire were presented to me, and I was brought close to Paradise until, had I reached for a cluster from it, my hand would have fallen short of it,” or he said,
“I would have obtained it” – Hishām was in doubt –
“and the Fire was presented to me, and I began to move backward out of fear that it might envelop you. And I saw a Himyarite woman, black and tall, being punished because of a cat she had tied up, for she did not feed it, nor give it drink, nor let it eat from the vermin of the earth. And I saw in it Abū Thumāma ʿAmr ibn Mālik dragging his intestines in the Fire.” Transmitted in the book of Muslim from the hadith of Hishām al-Dastuwāʾī.
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٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ ٱلْمُقْرِئُ، أَنَا ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱلْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، ثَنَا عَطَاءٌ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: كَسَفَتِ ٱلشَّمْسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ، فَذَكَرَ ٱلْحَدِيثَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: «فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَٰلِكَ فَصَلُّوا حَتَّىٰ يَنْجَلِيَ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ تُوعَدُونَهُ إِلَّا قَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ فِي صَلَاتِي هَٰذِهِ، حَتَّىٰ لَقَدْ جِيءَ بِٱلنَّارِ فَذَٰلِكَ حِينَ رَأَيْتُمُونِي تَأَخَّرْتُ مَخَافَةً أَنْ يُصِيبَنِي مِنْ لَفْحِهَا، قُلْتُ: أَيْ رَبِّ وَأَنَا فِيهِمْ، حَتَّىٰ رَأَيْتُ فِيهَا صَاحِبَ ٱلْمِحْجَنِ يَجُرُّ قُصْبَهُ فِي ٱلنَّارِ، كَانَ يَسْرِقُ ٱلْحَاجَّ بِمِحْجَنِهِ، فَإِذَا فُطِنَ لَهُ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا تَعَلَّقَ بِمِحْجَنِي، وَإِنْ غُفِلَ عَنْهُ ذَهَبَ بِهِ، حَتَّىٰ رَأَيْتُ فِيهَا صَاحِبَةَ ٱلْهِرَّةِ ٱلَّتِي رَبَطَتْهَا فَلَمْ تُطْعِمْهَا وَلَمْ تَسْقِهَا، وَلَمْ تَتْرُكْهَا تَأْكُلُ مِنْ خَشَاشِ ٱلْأَرْضِ حَتَّىٰ مَاتَتْ جُوعًا» مُخَرَّجٌ مِنْ كِتَابِ مُسْلِمٍ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ ٱلْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ
85. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan al-Muqriʾ informed us: al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq informed us on the authority of Yūsuf ibn Yaʿqūb: Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd narrated to us on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Abī Sulaymān: ʿAṭāʾ narrated to us on the authority of Jābir – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The sun eclipsed during the time of the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and he related the hadith up to where he quoted the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – as saying: “
Whenever you see any of this, pray until the eclipse clears. For there is nothing you have been promised that I did not see during this prayer of mine. The Fire was even brought forth – which was when you saw me draw back, fearing its scorching heat might strike me, and I pleaded, ‘O Lord! While I am still among them?’ I even saw the man with the hooked staff dragging his entrails in the Fire. He used to steal from the pilgrims with his staff: if caught, he would claim, ‘It just got caught on my staff!’ but if no one noticed, he would make off with it. And I saw the woman with the cat: she had tied it up, neither feeding nor watering it, nor letting it forage for the vermin of the earth, until it died of hunger.” Transmitted from the book of Muslim from the hadith of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Abī Sulaymān.
[68]
٨٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ٱلْمُزَكِّي بِنَيْسَابُورَ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ ٱلدَّقَّاقُ بِبَغْدَادَ قَالُوا: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثَنَا ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، نَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ٱلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ ٱلْأَنْصَارِيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ حِينَ وَجَبَتِ ٱلشَّمْسُ فَقَالَ: «هَٰذِهِ أَصْوَاتُ يَهُودَ تُعَذَّبُ فِي قُبُورِهَا»
86. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ, Abū Zakariyyā ibn Abī Isḥāq al-Muzakkī in Nishapur, and Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abī Ṭāhir al-Daqqāq in Baghdād informed us: Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Sulaymān informed us: al-Ḥasan ibn Mukram narrated to us: ʿUthmān ibn ʿUmar informed us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of ʿAwn ibn Abī Juḥayfa, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib, on the authority of Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī – may Allah be pleased with him – that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – went out when the sun had declined and said: “
These are the voices of the Jews being punished in their graves.”
[69]
٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ ٱلْمَحْبُوبِيُّ بِمَرْوَ، ثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، ثَنَا ٱلنَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، ثَنَا عَوْنُ بْنُ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ٱلْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، ثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، نَا يَحْيَى، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ٱلْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: «خَرَجَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَمَا غَرَبَتِ ٱلشَّمْسُ»، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَهُ وَفِي حَدِيثِ ٱلنَّضْرِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ «خَرَجَ يَوْمًا حِينَ وَجَبَتِ ٱلشَّمْسُ» ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ ٱلْبَاقِيَ مِثْلَهُ، رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ جَمِيعًا فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ٱلْمُثَنَّى عَنْ يَحْيَى، فَأَشَارَ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ إِلَى حَدِيثِ ٱلنَّضْرِ
87. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Maḥbūbī in Marw informed us: Saʿīd ibn Masʿūd narrated to us: al-Naḍr ibn Shumayl narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us: ʿAwn ibn Abī Juḥayfa narrated to us, saying: I heard my father say: I heard al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib, on the authority of Abū Ayyūb; [alternatively] Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb informed us: Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā narrated to us: Musaddad narrated to us: Yaḥyā narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of ʿAwn ibn Abī Juḥayfa, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib, on the authority of Abū Ayyūb, who said: “The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – went out after the sun had set,” then he mentioned it. And in the hadith of al-Naḍr, that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – “went out one day when the sun had set,” then he mentioned the remainder similar to it. Narrated by al-Bukhārī and Muslim together in the
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā, on the authority of Yaḥyā, and al-Bukhārī alluded to the hadith of al-Naḍr.
[70]
٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ ٱلْقَاضِي قَالُوا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَنَا ٱلرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَنَا ٱلشَّافِعِيُّ، ثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ، أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂، وَذَكَرَتْ لَهَا أَنَّ عَبْدَ ٱللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ ﵄ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ ٱلْمَيِّتَ لَيُعَذَّبُ بِبُكَاءِ ٱلْحَيِّ»، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂: «أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَكْذِبْ وَلَكِنَّهُ أَخْطَأَ أَوْ نَسِيَ، إِنَّمَا مَرَّ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى يَهُودِيَّةٍ وَهِيَ يَبْكِي عَلَيْهَا أَهْلُهَا فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُمْ لَيَبْكُونَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِنَّهَا لَتُعَذَّبُ فِي قَبْرِهَا» رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ.
88. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ, Abū Zakariyyā ibn Abī Isḥāq, and Abū Bakr ibn al-Ḥasan al-Qāḍī informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-Rabīʿ ibn Sulaymān informed us: al-Shāfiʿī informed us: Mālik ibn Anas narrated to us on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Bakr, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ʿAmra bint ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, that she heard ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – when it was mentioned to her that ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar – may Allah be pleased with them both – says: “The deceased is indeed punished by the weeping of the living.” ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – said: “As for him, he did not lie, but he erred or forgot. The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – merely passed by a Jewish woman while her family was weeping over her, and he said: ‘
They are weeping over her, while she is being punished in her grave.’” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf, and narrated by Muslim on the authority of Qutayba, both of them on the authority of Mālik ibn Anas.
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٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بِنَيْسَابُورَ وَأَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ ٱلْمُقْرِئُ ٱلْمَعْرُوفُ بِٱبْنِ ٱلْحَمَامِيِّ بِبَغْدَادَ قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ ٱلنِّجَادُ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى يَحْيَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، نَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ إِيَاسَ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: دَخَلَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ حَائِطًا لِبَنِي ٱلنَّجَّارِ وَهُوَ عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ لَهُ فَمَرَّتْ عَلَى قُبُورِ خَمْسَةٍ أَوْ سِتَّةٍ، فَحَادَتْ بِهِ ٱلْبَغْلَةُ فَقَالَ: «أَيُّكُمْ يَعْرِفُ أَصْحَابَ هَٰذِهِ ٱلْقُبُورِ» فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ قَالَ: «مَا هُمْ؟» قَالَ: مَاتُوا فِي ٱلْإِشْرَاكِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ هَٰذِهِ ٱلْأُمَّةَ تُبْتَلَى فِي قُبُورِهَا، وَلَوْلَا أَنْ لَا تَدَافَنُوا لَدَعَوْتُ ٱللَّهَ أَنْ يُسْمِعَكُمْ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ» يَعْنِي ٱلَّذِي هُمْ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «تَعَوَّذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، تَعَوَّذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلنَّارِ» ثُمَّ قَالَ: «تَعَوَّذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنَ ٱلْفِتَنِ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ» ثُمَّ قَالَ: «تَعَوَّذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عُلَيَّةَ عَنِ ٱلْجُرَيْرِيِّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ
89. Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh in Naysābūr and Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUmar ibn Ḥafṣ al-Muqriʾ, known as ibn al-Ḥamāmī in Baghdād, informed us: Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Salmān al-Nijād narrated to us: It was read to Yaḥyā ibn Jaʿfar while I was listening, ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAṭāʾ narrated to us: Saʿīd ibn Iyās informed us on the authority of Abū Naḍra, on the authority of Abū Saʿīd, on the authority of Zayd ibn Thābit, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – entered an orchard belonging to the Banū ʾl-Najjār while riding a mule of his. As it passed by five or six graves, the mule veered away, and he said: “
Which of you knows the occupants of these graves?” A man replied: “I do, O Messenger of Allah.” He asked: “
What were they?”
[72] He replied: “They died in polytheism.” The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Indeed, this community will be tested in its graves, and were it not that you would cease to bury one another, I would have supplicated to Allah to let you hear the punishment of the grave” – meaning that [torment] which they are experiencing. Then he said: “
Seek refuge with Allah from the punishment of the grave; seek refuge with Allah from the punishment of the Fire.” Then he said: “
Seek refuge with Allah from tribulations, both those that are apparent and those that are hidden.” Then he said: “
Seek refuge with Allah from the tribulation of the False Messiah.” Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba, on the authority of Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUlayya, on the authority of al-Jurayrī with his chain and in the same sense.
[73]
٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا حَسَنٌ ٱلْأَشْيَبُ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ ٱلْبُنَانِيِّ، وَحُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ شَهْبَاءَ فَمَرَّ عَلَى حَائِطٍ لِبَنِي ٱلنَّجَّارِ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِقَبْرٍ يُعَذَّبُ صَاحِبُهُ فَحَاصَتِ ٱلْبَغْلَةُ فَقَالَ: «لَوْلَا أَنْ لَا تَدَافَنُوا لَدَعَوْتُ ٱللَّهَ أَنْ يُسْمِعَكُمْ عَذَابَ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
90. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Ḥasan al-Ashyab narrated to us: Ḥammād ibn Salama narrated to us on the authority of Thābit al-Bunānī and Ḥumayd, on the authority of Anas that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – was riding a gray mule and passed by a walled garden belonging to the Banū ʾl-Najjār, when suddenly he came upon a grave whose occupant was being punished. The mule veered aside, so he said: “
Were it not that you would cease burying one another, I would have supplicated Allah to make you hear the punishment of the grave.”
[74]
٩١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ وَأَبُو صَادِقِ بْنُ أَبِي ٱلْفَوَارِسِ قَالُوا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، ثَنَا ٱلرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ ٱلطَّوِيلِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ سَمِعَ صَوْتًا مِنْ قَبْرٍ فَقَالَ: «مَتَى مَاتَ هَٰذَا؟» قَالُوا: مَاتَ فِي ٱلْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَكَأَنَّهُ أَعْجَبَهُ ذَٰلِكَ فَقَالَ: «لَوْلَا أَنْ لَا تَدَافَنُوا» أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ «لَدَعَوْتُ ٱللَّهَ ﷿ أَنْ يُسْمِعَكُمْ عَذَابَ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
91. And Abū ʿAbd Allāh, Abū Saʿīd, and Abū Ṣādiq ibn Abī ʾl-Fawāris informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: al-Rabīʿ ibn Sulaymān narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Wahb narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar narrated to me on the authority of Ḥumayd al-Ṭawīl, who said: I heard Anas ibn Mālik narrating that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – heard a voice from a grave and said: “
When did this one die?” They said: He died in the era of pre-Islamic ignorance. It was as if that relieved him,
[75] and he said: “
Were it not that you would cease burying one another” – or as he said – “
I would have supplicated Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – to make you hear the punishment of the grave.”
[76]
٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ أَنبأَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ ٱلْبَخْتَرِيِّ ٱلرَّزَّازُ، أَنبأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْمَلِكِ ٱلدَّقِيقِيُّ، ثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، نَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَوْلَا أَنْ لَا تَدَافَنُوا لَدَعَوْتُ ٱللَّهَ أَنْ يُسْمِعَكُمْ عَذَابَ ٱلْقَبْرِ» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ غُنْدَرٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ
92. Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bishrān in Baghdad informed us: Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr ibn al-Bakhtarī al-Razzāz informed us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik al-Daqīqī informed us: Yazīd ibn Hārūn narrated to us: Shuʿba informed us on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Anas – may Allah be pleased with him – that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Were it not that you would cease to bury one another, I would have supplicated to Allah to let you hear the punishment of the grave.” Transmitted by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ from the
ḥadīth of Ghundar on the authority of Shuʿba.
[77]
٩٣ - وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ٱلْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ إِمْلَاءً، أَنْبَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ ٱلْبَصْرِيُّ بِمَكَّةَ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ غَالِبٍ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَا: ثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، نَا قَاسِمٌ ٱلرَّحَّالُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: دَخَلَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ خَرِبًا لِبَنِي ٱلنَّجَّارِ كَأَنَّهُ يَقْضِي حَاجَةً، فَخَرَجَ وَهُوَ مَذْعُورٌ، فَقَالَ: «لَوْلَا أَنْ لَا تَدَافَنُوا لَدَعَوْتُ ٱللَّهَ أَنْ يُسْمِعَكُمْ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ مَا أَسْمَعَنِي» وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ شَاهِدٌ لِمَا تَقَدَّمَ
93. And Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf al-Aṣbahānī narrated to us by dictation: Abū Saʿīd Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ziyād al-Baṣrī informed us in Makkah: Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd ibn Ghālib and Saʿīd ibn Manṣūr narrated to us, saying: Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna narrated to us: Qāsim al-Raḥḥāl narrated to us on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – entered a ruin belonging to the Banū ʾl-Najjār as if to relieve himself, and he came out terrified, and said: “
Were it not that you would cease burying one another, I would have supplicated Allah to make you hear the punishment of the grave that which He has made me hear.” And this is a
ṣaḥīḥ chain of transmission, serving as a corroborating witness for what has preceded.
[78]
٩٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ ٱلْقَاضِي، أَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ دُحَيْمٍ ٱلشَّيْبَانِيُّ، بِٱلْكُوفَةِ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ٱلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي ٱلْحُسَيْنِ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَأَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، نَا عَبْدُ ٱلْوَارِثِ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلْعَزِيزِ بْنُ صُهَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ فِي نَخْلٍ لَنَا نَخْلِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، فَمَرَّ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ بِقَبْرٍ، فَقَامَ حَتَّى مَرَّ إِلَيْهِ بِلَالٌ، فَقَالَ: «وَيْحَكَ يَا بِلَالُ، هَلْ تَسْمَعُ مَا أَسْمَعُ؟» فَقَالَ: «صَاحِبُ ٱلْقَبْرِ يُعَذَّبُ» قَالَ: فَسَأَلَ عَنْهُ فَوَجَدَهُ يَهُودِيًّا
94. Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Qāḍī informed us: Abū Jaʿfar ibn Duḥaym al-Shaybānī informed us in al-Kūfa: Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Abī ʾl-Ḥusayn narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar and Abū Maʿmar narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Wārith narrated to us: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Suhayb narrated to us on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik, who said: While the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – was in a date-palm garden belonging to us, the date-palm garden of Abū Ṭalḥa, he – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – passed by a grave. He stood until Bilāl came over to him, and he said: “
Woe to you, O Bilāl! Do you hear what I hear?” He said: “
The occupant of the grave is being punished.” He said: So he asked about him and found that he was a Jew.
[79]
٩٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، نَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، نَا ٱبْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، نَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ ٱلْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ مُبَشِّرٍ قَالَتْ: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا فِي حَائِطٍ لِبَنِي ٱلنَّجَّارِ فِيهِ قُبُورٌ مِنْهُمْ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: «ٱسْتَعِيذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ» فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ، لِلْقَبْرِ عَذَابٌ؟ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُمْ لَيُعَذَّبُونَ فِي قُبُورِهِمْ عَذَابًا تَسْمَعُهُ ٱلْبَهَائِمُ» وَهَذَا أَيْضًا شَاهِدٌ لِمَا تَقَدَّمَ
95. And Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb informed us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Ibn Numayr informed us: Abū Muʿāwiya informed us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Abū Sufyān, on the authority of Jābir, on the authority of Umm Mubashshir, who said: “The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – entered upon me while I was in an orchard belonging to Banū ʾl-Najjār in which there were graves of theirs, while he was saying: ‘
Seek refuge in Allah from the punishment of the grave.’ So I said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, is there a punishment in the grave?’ And he said: ‘
Indeed, they are punished in their graves with a punishment that the livestock hear.’”And this is also a corroborative report for what has preceded.
[80]
٩٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنْبَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلْفَقِيهُ، نَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ ٱلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ ٱلْجُنَيْدِ، ثَنَا ٱلْمُعَافَى بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ٱلْحَرَّانِيُّ، ثَنَا فُلَيْحُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي هِلَالُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ وَهُوَ ٱبْنُ أَبِي مَيْمُونَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: بَيْنَا رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ وَبِلَالٌ يَمْشِيَانِ فِي ٱلْبَقِيعِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا بِلَالُ هَلْ تَسْمَعُ مَا أَسْمَعُ؟» فَقَالَ: لَا وَٱللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ مَا أَسْمَعُ، فَقَالَ: «أَلَا تَسْمَعُ أَهْلَ ٱلْقُبُورِ يُعَذَّبُونَ؟» قَالَ ٱلشَّيْخُ وَهَذَا أَيْضًا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ شَاهِدٌ لِمَا تَقَدَّمَ
96. Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Isḥāq al-Faqīh informed us: ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Junayd narrated to us: al-Muʿāfā ibn Sulaymān al-Ḥarrānī narrated to us: Fulayḥ ibn Sulaymān narrated to us: Hilāl ibn ʿAlī, who is the son of Abū Maymūna, narrated to me on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: While the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and Bilāl were walking in al-Baqīʿ, the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
O Bilāl, do you hear what I hear?” He replied, “No, by Allah, O Messenger of Allah, I do not hear [what you hear].” So he said: “
Do you not hear the people of the graves being punished?” The Shaykh said: This is also a sound chain of transmission serving as a corroborative report for what has already been mentioned.
[81]
وَفِي كُلِّ ذَٰلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ لِمَنْ آمَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ عَلَى جَوَازِ تَعْذِيبِ مَنِ ٱنْتَقَضَتْ بِنْيَتُهُ فِي رُؤْيَتِنَا أَوْ صَارَ رَمِيمًا فِي أَعْيُنِنَا عَذَابًا يَسْمَعُهُ مَنْ أَرَادَ ٱللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ أَنْ يُسْمِعَهُ دُونَ مَنْ لَمْ يُرِدْهُ، وَيُشَاهِدُهُ مَنْ أَرَادَ ٱللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنْ يُشَاهِدَهُ دُونَ مَنْ لَمْ يُرِدْ، فَقَدْ سَمِعَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ أَصْوَاتَ مَنْ يُعَذَّبُ مِنْهُمْ، وَلَمْ يَسْمَعْهَا مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَرَأَى حِينَ صَلَّى صَلَاةَ ٱلْخُسُوفِ مَنْ يَجُرُّ قُصْبَهُ فِي ٱلنَّارِ، وَمَنْ يُعَذَّبُ فِي ٱلسَّرِقَةِ، وَٱلْمَرْأَةَ ٱلَّتِي كَانَتْ تُعَذَّبُ فِي ٱلْهِرَّةِ وَقَدْ صَارُوا فِي قُبُورِهِمْ رَمِيمًا فِي أَعْيُنِ أَهْلِ زَمَانِهِ، وَلَمْ يَرَ مَنْ صَلَّى مَعَهُ مِنْ ذَٰلِكَ مَا رَأَى وَقَدْ رَأَى رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ فِي خَبَرٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْهُ فِي مَنَامِهِ، وَرُؤْيَا ٱلْأَنْبِيَاءِ صَلَوَاتُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَحْيٌ، جَمَاعَةً يُعَذَّبُونَ فِي مَوَاضِعَ مُتَفَرِّقَةٍ فِي جَرَائِمَ مُخْتَلِفَةٍ وَلَعَلَّهُمْ صَارُوا رَمِيمًا فِي قُبُورِهِمْ فِي أَعْيُنِنَا
In all of this lies proof, for whoever believes in Allah and His Messenger Muḥammad – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – regarding the possibility of punishing one whose physical structure has disintegrated in our sight or turned to decayed bones in our eyes, with a punishment heard by whomever Allah – Glorified is He – wills to hear it, to the exclusion of whomever He does not, and witnessed by whomever Allah – Exalted is He – wills to witness it, to the exclusion of whomever He does not. For the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – heard the voices of those being punished among them, whereas those of his Companions who were with him did not hear them. Likewise, when he performed the eclipse prayer, he saw the one dragging his entrails in the Fire, the one being punished for theft, and the woman who was being punished on account of a cat. Even though in their graves they had already turned to decayed bones in the eyes of the people of his time, those who prayed with him did not see what he saw. Furthermore, as established in an authentic report narrated from him, the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – saw in a dream, and the dreams of the Prophets – may Allah’s blessings be upon them – are divine revelation, a group being punished in various places for different crimes, while in our eyes they may have long since turned to decayed bones in their graves.
٩٧ - وَذَٰلِكَ فِيمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو ٱلنَّضْرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ ٱلْفَقِيهُ بِٱلطَّابِرَانِ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، ثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو رَجَاءٍ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ قَالَ: كَانَ ٱلنَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا صَلَّى صَلَاةً أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا بِوَجْهِهِ فَقَالَ: «مَنْ رَأَى مِنْكُمُ ٱللَّيْلَةَ رُؤْيَا؟» قَالَ: فَإِنْ رَأَى أَحَدٌ قَصَّهَا، فَيَقُولُ مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّهُ، فَسَأَلَنَا يَوْمًا فَقَالَ: «هَلْ رَأَى أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ رُؤْيَا؟» قُلْنَا: لَا قَالَ: «لَكِنِّي رَأَيْتُ ٱللَّيْلَةَ رَجُلَيْنِ أَتَيَانِي فَأَخَذَا بِيَدِي فَأَخْرَجَانِي إِلَى أَرْضٍ مُقَدَّسَةٍ، فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ جَالِسٌ وَرَجُلٌ قَائِمٌ بِيَدِهِ كَلُّوبٌ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ يُدْخِلُهُ فِي شِدْقِهِ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ قَفَاهُ ثُمَّ يَفْعَلُ بِشِدْقِهِ ٱلْآخَرِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ وَيَلْتَئِمُ شِدْقُهُ هَذَا فَيَعُودُ فَيَضَعُ ٱلْكَلُّوبَ مِثْلَهُ، قُلْتُ: مَا هَذَا؟ قَالَا: ٱنْطَلِقِ ٱنْطَلِقْ، فَٱنْطَلَقْنَا حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا عَلَى رَجُلٍ مُضْطَجِعٍ عَلَى قَفَاهُ وَرَجُلٍ قَائِمٍ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ بِفِهْرٍ أَوْ صَخْرَةٍ فَيَشْدَخُ بِهِ رَأْسَهُ، فَإِذَا ضَرَبَهُ تَدَهْدَهَ ٱلْحَجَرُ فَٱنْطَلَقَ إِلَيْهِ لِيَأْخُذَهُ فَلَا يَرْجِعُ إِلَى هَذَا حَتَّى يَلْتَئِمَ رَأْسُهُ وَعَادَ رَأْسُهُ كَمَا كَانَ فَعَادَ إِلَيْهِ فَضَرَبَهُ، قُلْتُ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالَا: ٱنْطَلِقِ ٱنْطَلِقْ، فَٱنْطَلَقْنَا إِلَى بَيْتٍ مِثْلِ ٱلتَّنُّورِ أَعْلَاهُ ضَيِّقٌ وَأَسْفَلُهُ وَاسِعٌ يَتَوَقَّدُ تَحْتَهُ نَارًا، فَإِذَا ٱقْتَرَبْتِ ٱرْتَفَعُوا حَتَّى كَادُوا أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا، فَإِذَا خَمَدَتْ رَجَعُوا فِيهَا وَفِيهَا رِجَالٌ وَنِسَاءٌ عُرَاةٌ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذَا؟ قَالَا: ٱنْطَلِقِ ٱنْطَلِقْ، فَٱنْطَلَقْنَا حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا عَلَى نَهَرٍ مِنْ دَمٍ فِيهِ رَجُلٌ قَائِمٌ عَلَى شَاطِئِ ٱلنَّهَرِ وَرَجُلٌ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ حِجَارَةٌ، فَأَقْبَلَ ٱلرَّجُلُ ٱلَّذِي فِي ٱلنَّهَرِ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ؛ فَرَمَى ٱلرَّجُلَ بِحَجَرٍ فِي فِيهِ فَرَدَّهُ حَيْثُ كَانَ، فَجَعَلَ كُلَّمَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ؛ رَمَى فِي فِيهِ بِحَجَرٍ فَيَرْجِعُ كَمَا كَانَ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذَا؟ قَالَا: ٱنْطَلِقْ فَٱنْطَلَقْنَا حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا إِلَى رَوْضَةٍ خَضْرَاءَ فِيهَا شَجَرَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ وَفِي أَصْلِهَا شَيْخٌ وَصِبْيَانٌ، وَإِذَا رَجُلٌ قَرِيبٌ مِنَ ٱلشَّجَرَةِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ نَارٌ يُوقِدُهَا فَصَعِدُوا بِي إِلَى ٱلشَّجَرَةِ وَأَدْخِلَانِي دَارًا لَمْ أَرَ قَطُّ أَحْسَنَ مِنْهَا، فِيهَا رِجَالٌ شُيُوخٌ، وَشَبَابٌ وَنِسَاءٌ وَصِبْيَانٌ، ثُمَّ أَخْرَجَانِي مِنْهَا فَصَعِدَا بِي ٱلشَّجَرَةِ فَأَدْخَلَانِي دَارًا هِيَ أَفْضَلُ وَأَحْسَنُ، فِيهَا شُيُوخٌ وَشَبَابٌ، قُلْتُ: طَوَّفْتُمَانِي ٱللَّيْلَةَ فَأَخْبِرَانِي عَمَّا رَأَيْتُ قَالَا: نَعَمْ، ٱلَّذِي رَأَيْتَهُ يَشُقُّ شِدْقَهُ فَكَذَّابٌ يُحَدِّثُ بِٱلْكَذْبَةِ فَتُحْمَلُ عَنْهُ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ ٱلْآفَاقَ فَيُصْنَعَ بِهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ، وَٱلَّذِي رَأَيْتَهُ يَشْدَخُ رَأْسَهُ فَرَجُلٌ عَلَّمَهُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْقُرْآنَ فَنَامَ عَنْهُ بِٱللَّيْلِ وَلَمْ يَعْمَلْ فِيهِ بِٱلنَّهَارِ، يَفْعَلُ بِهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ، وَٱلَّذِي رَأَيْتَهُ فِي ٱلثَّقْبِ فَهُمُ ٱلزُّنَاةُ، وَٱلَّذِي رَأَيْتَهُ فِي ٱلنَّهَرِ آكِلُوا ٱلرِّبَا وَٱلشَّيْخُ فِي أَصْلِ ٱلشَّجَرَةِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ﵇، وَٱلصِّبْيَانُ حَوْلَهُ أَوْلَادُ ٱلنَّاسِ، وَٱلَّذِي يُوقِدُ ٱلنَّارَ مَالِكٌ خَازِنُ ٱلنَّارِ، وَٱلدَّارُ ٱلْأُولَى ٱلَّتِي دَخَلْتَ دَارَ عَامَّةِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَأَمَّا هَذِهِ ٱلدَّارُ فَدَارُ ٱلشُّهَدَاءِ، وَأَنَا جِبْرِيلُ، وَهَذَا مِيكَائِيلُ، فَٱرْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ فَرَفَعْتُ رَأْسِي فَإِذَا فَوْقِي مِثْلُ ٱلسَّحَابِ قَالَا: ذَاكَ مَنْزِلُكَ، قُلْتُ: دَعَانِي أَدْخُلْ مَنْزِلِي قَالَا: إِنَّهُ بَقِيَ لَكَ عُمُرٌ لَمْ تَسْتَكْمِلْهُ فَلَوِ ٱسْتَكْمَلْتَهُ أَتَيْتَ مَنْزِلُكَ» رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ
97. This is demonstrated in what Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-Naḍr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf al-Faqīh bi-al-Ṭābirān informed me: Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb narrated to us: Mūsā ibn Ismāʿīl narrated to us: Jarīr ibn Ḥāzim narrated to us: Abū Rajāʾ narrated to us on the authority of Samura ibn Jundub – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: Whenever the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – finished a prayer, he would turn his face toward us and ask: “
Has any of you had a dream tonight?” If someone had seen one, he would relate it, and the Prophet would say: “
Whatever Allah wills.” One day he asked us: “
Has any of you seen a dream?” We replied: “
No.” He said: “
However, last night I saw two men come to me. They took me by the hand and brought me out to a holy land. There, I saw a man sitting and another standing beside him holding an iron hook, which he inserted into the sitting man’s cheek, tearing it through to the back of his neck, before doing the same to his other cheek. No sooner would this cheek heal than he would return and hook it again. I asked, ‘What is this?’ They both said, ‘Keep moving! Keep moving!’ So we proceeded until we came upon a man lying on his back, with another standing over his head holding a rock or boulder, crushing his head with it. Whenever he struck him, the stone would roll away, and he would go to retrieve it – not returning to him until his head had healed and returned to how it was, whereupon he would strike him again. I asked, ‘Who is this?’ They both said, ‘Keep moving! Keep moving!’ So we proceeded to a structure like a furnace, narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, with a fire blazing underneath it. Whenever the flames surged, the people inside would rise until they were nearly cast out; and when the fire subsided, they fell back in. Among them were naked men and women. I asked, ‘What is this?’ They both said, ‘Keep moving! Keep moving!’ So we proceeded until we came to a river of blood. A man was standing in the middle of the river, and on its bank stood another man with a pile of stones before him. Whenever the man in the river approached, attempting to get out, the man on the bank would hurl a stone into his mouth, forcing him back to where he was. Every time he tried to exit, a stone was hurled into his mouth, driving him back. I asked, ‘What is this?’ They both said, ‘Keep moving!’ So we proceeded until we came to a lush green garden containing a majestic tree, at the base of which sat an old man surrounded by children. Near the tree stood another man tending a fire that he kept kindling. My companions led me up the tree and brought me into a home more beautiful than any I had ever seen, inhabited by elderly men, youths, women, and children. They then took me out and led me further up the tree into an even finer and more splendid home, inhabited by elderly men and youths. I said to them, ‘You have taken me on a journey tonight, so explain to me what I have seen.’ They replied, ‘Yes. As for the man whose cheek you saw being torn, he is a liar who tells a lie that is carried across the horizons; this will be done to him until the Day of Resurrection. The one whose head you saw being crushed is a man whom Allah taught the Qurʾān, but he slept through it at night and failed to act upon it by day; this will be done to him until the Day of Resurrection. Those you saw in the pit are the adulterers, and the one you saw in the river is the consumer of usury. The old man at the base of the tree is Abraham – peace be upon him – and the children around him are the children of humanity. The one tending the fire is Mālik, the keeper of Hell. The first home you entered is the dwelling of the general believers, and as for this home, it is the dwelling of the martyrs. I am Gabriel, and this is Michael. Now raise your head.’ I raised my head, and behold, above me was a cloud-like realm. They said, ‘That is your abode.’ I said, ‘Let me enter my abode!’ They replied, ‘You still have remaining life that you have not yet completed; once you complete it, you will enter your abode.’”
[82]
٩٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ ٱلْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مَزِيدَ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي، ثَنَا ٱبْنُ جَابِرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ أَبُو يَحْيَى ٱلْكَلَاعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو أُمَامَةَ ٱلْبَاهِلِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «بَيْنَا أَنَا نَائِمٌ، إِذْ أَتَانِي رَجُلَانِ، فَأَخَذَا بِضَبْعَيَّ وَآتَيَا بِي جَبَلًا، فَقَالَا لِي: ٱصْعَدْ فَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي لَا أُطِيقُهُ، فَقَالَا: إِنَّا سَنُسَهِّلُهُ لَكَ قَالَ: فَصَعِدْتُ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنْتُ فِي سَوَاءِ ٱلْجَبَلِ إِذَا أَنَا بِأَصْوَاتٍ شَدِيدَةٍ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذِهِ ٱلْأَصْوَاتُ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا عُوَاءُ أَهْلِ ٱلنَّارِ، ثُمَّ ٱنْطَلَقَ بِي فَإِذَا بِقَوْمٍ مُعَلَّقِينَ بِعَرَاقِيبِهِمْ مُنْشَقِّقَةٌ أَشْدَاقُهُمْ تَسِيلُ أَشْدَاقُهُمْ دَمًا قَالَ: قُلْتُ: مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ؟ قَالَ: هُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ يُفْطِرُونَ قَبْلَ تَحِلَّةِ صَوْمِهِمْ» فَقَالَ أَبُو أُمَامَةَ: خَابَتِ ٱلْيَهُودُ وَٱلنَّصَارَى فَقَالَ سُلَيْمٌ: لَا أَدْرِي أَشَيْئًا سَمِعَهُ أَبُو أُمَامَةَ مِنْ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ أَمْ شَيْئًا مِنْ رَأْيِهِ؟ «ثُمَّ ٱنْطَلَقَ بِي فَإِذَا أَنَا بِقَوْمٍ أَشَدِّ شَيْءٍ ٱنْتِفَاخًا وَأَنْتَنَهُ رِيحًا وَأَسْوَأَهُ مَنْظَرًا، قُلْتُ: مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ؟ قَالَ: هَؤُلَاءِ قَتْلَى ٱلْكُفَّارِ، ثُمَّ ٱنْطَلَقَ بِي فَإِذَا أَنَا بِقَوْمٍ أَشَدِّ شَيْءٍ ٱنْتِفَاخًا وَأَنْتَنَهُ رِيحًا وَأَسْوَأَهُ مَنْظَرًا، كَأَنَّ رِيحَهُمُ ٱلْمَرَاحِيضُ، قُلْتُ: مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ؟ قَالَ: هَؤُلَاءِ ٱلزَّانُونَ وَٱلزَّوَانِي ثُمَّ ٱنْطَلَقَ بِي فَإِذَا بِنِسَاءٍ يَنْهَشَنَّ ثَدْيَهُنَّ ٱلْحَيَّاتُ، قُلْتُ: مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ؟ قَالَ: هَؤُلَاءِ ٱلَّاتِي يَمْنَعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ أَلْبَانَهُنَّ ثُمَّ ٱنْطَلَقَ بِي، فَإِذَا بِغِلْمَانٍ يَلْعَبُونَ بَيْنَ نَهَرَيْنِ، قُلْتُ: مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ؟ قَالَ: هَؤُلَاءِ ذَرَارِيُّ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ، ثُمَّ شَرَفَ بِي شَرَفًا، فَإِذَا بِنَفَرٍ ثَلَاثَةٍ يَشْرَبُونَ مِنْ خَمْرٍ لَهُمْ، قُلْتُ: مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا جَعْفَرٌ وَزَيْدٌ وَٱبْنُ رَوَاحَةَ، ثُمَّ شَرَفَ بِي شَرَفًا آخَرَ فَإِذَا بِنَفَرٍ ثَلَاثَةٍ، قُلْتُ: مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَمُوسَى وَعِيسَى ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ وَهُمْ يَنْتَظِرُونَكَ»
98. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us, saying: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Al-ʿAbbās ibn al-Walīd ibn Mazīd narrated to us: My father informed me: Ibn Jābir narrated to us: Sulaym ibn ʿĀmir Abū Yaḥyā ʾl-Kalāʿī narrated to me: Abū Umāma al-Bāhilī narrated to me, saying: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say: “
While I was asleep, two men came to me, took me by my upper arms, and brought me to a mountain. They said to me, ‘Climb!’ I replied, ‘I cannot do it.’ They said, ‘We shall make it easy for you.’ So I climbed until, when I reached the crest of the mountain, I heard intense howling. I asked, ‘What are these sounds?’ They replied, ‘This is the howling of the inhabitants of the Fire.’ Then he led me on, and behold, I saw people suspended by their ankles, their cheeks torn open and streaming with blood. I asked, ‘Who are these?’ He replied, ‘These are the ones who break their fast before its proper completion.’” Abū Umāma remarked: “The Jews and Christians are truly ruined!” – Sulaym noted: “I do not know whether this remark was something Abū Umāma heard directly from the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – or if it was his own opinion.” [The Prophet continued:] “
Then he led me on, and behold, I saw people who were severely swollen, foulest in stench, and most repulsive in appearance. I asked, ‘Who are these?’ He replied, ‘These are the slain among the disbelievers.’ Then he led me on, and behold, I saw people who were severely swollen, foulest in stench, and most repulsive in appearance, as though their odor were that of latrines. I asked, ‘Who are these?’ He replied, ‘These are the male and female adulterers.’ Then he led me on, and behold, I saw women whose breasts were being bitten by snakes. I asked, ‘Who are these?’ He replied, ‘These are the women who withhold their milk from their children.’ Then he led me on, and behold, I saw young boys playing between two rivers. I asked, ‘Who are these?’ He replied, ‘These are the offspring of the believers.’ Then he brought me up to a high vantage point, and behold, there were three men drinking from their own wine. I asked, ‘Who are these?’ He replied, ‘This is Jaʿfar, Zayd, and ibn Rawāḥa.’ Then he brought me up to another high vantage point, and behold, there were three men. I asked, ‘Who are these?’ He replied, ‘This is Abraham, Moses, and Jesus son of Mary, and they are awaiting you.’”
[83]
٩٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلدُّورِيُّ، ثَنَا مُصْعَبٌ ٱلزُّبَيْرِيُّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ ٱلْهَادِ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ قَالَ: بَيْنَا أَنَا فِي بَقِيعِ ٱلْغَرْقَدِ مَعَ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَنَا أَمْشِي خَلْفَهُ، إِذْ قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَا هُدِيتَ وَلَا ٱهْتَدَيْتَ» ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَقَالَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ: تَبًّا لِي يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: «لَسْتُ إِيَّاكَ أُرِيدُ، أُرِيدُ صَاحِبَ هَٰذَا ٱلْقَبْرِ يُسْأَلُ عَنِّي غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَعْرِفُنِي» وَإِذَا قَبْرٌ رُشَّ عَلَيْهِ مَاءٌ حِينَ دُفِنَ صَاحِبُهُ، وَقِيلَ: عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، وَقِيلَ: عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ
99. Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-ʿAbbās ibn Muḥammad al-Dūrī narrated to us: Muṣʿab al-Zubayrī narrated to us: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad narrated to us on the authority of Yazīd ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hād, on the authority of ʿUbāda ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Rāfiʿ, on the authority of his grandmother, on the authority of Abū Rāfiʿ, who said: While I was in Baqīʿ al-Gharqad with the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and I was walking behind him, the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
May you not be guided, nor find guidance” three times. Abū Rāfiʿ said: “
Woe to me, O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “
It is not you whom I intend; I intend the occupant of this grave who is being questioned about me, except that he does not recognize me.” And behold, there was a grave upon which water had been sprinkled when its occupant was buried. And it was [also] said: on the authority of ʿAbbād ibn ʿAbd Allāh on the authority of Abū Rāfiʿ; and it was said: on the authority of ʿAbbād ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Rāfiʿ on the authority of his father on the authority of his grandfather Abū Rāfiʿ.
[84]
Notes
[58] Recorded in
Kitāb al-Zuhd wa- ʾl-Raqāʾiq, no. 328.
↩ [59] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 1887.
↩ [60] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 2390. Graded
ḥasan by al-Arnāʾūṭ.
↩ [61] i.e. The aforementioned
ḥadīth describing the souls of the martyrs being in the bellies of green birds.
↩ [62] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1244;
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2472.
↩ [63] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1382;
Sunan ibn Mājah, no. 1511.
↩ [64] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6195.
↩ [65] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 3521, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2856.
↩ [66] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1212, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 904.
↩ [67] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 904.
↩ [68] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 904.
↩ [69] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1375, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2869.
↩ [70] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1375, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2869.
↩ [71] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1289, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 932.
↩ [73] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2867.
↩ [72] i.e., “What was their spiritual state upon death?”
↩ [74] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2868.
↩ [76] Recorded in
Sunan al-Nasāʾī, no. 2058.
↩ [75] The verb
aʿjaba (to please or satisfy) denotes in this context the Prophet's ﷺ relief (
irāḥa) upon learning that the individual undergoing torment was from the pre-Islamic era rather than a member of his own community.
↩ [77] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2868.
↩ [78] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 12096. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ.
↩ [79] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 12530. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ
↩ [80] Recorded by al-Ṭabarānī in
al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr, no. 268.
↩ [81] Recorded in
al-Mustadrak ʿalā al-Ṣaḥīḥayn, no. 118.
↩ [82] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1386.
↩ [83] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ ibn Ḥibbān, no. 3091. The three individuals shown enjoying the wine of Paradise are Jaʿfar ibn Abī Ṭālib (the cousin of the Prophet ﷺ), Zayd ibn Ḥāritha (his beloved freedman), and ʿAbd Allāh ibn Rawāḥa (a chief and poet of the Anṣār). In 8 AH (629 CE), the Prophet ﷺ appointed them in succession to command the Muslim army at the Battle of Muʾtah, where all three fell on the battlefield as martyrs in sequential order. Their inclusion here serves al-Bayhaqī’s central thesis by providing visual proof of the immediate post-mortem reward and intermediate bliss (
naʿīm al-barzakh) granted to martyrs in the grave prior to the Resurrection. See Ibn Hishām,
al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah, ed. Muṣṭafā al-Saqqā (Cairo: Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1955), 2:373–389; and Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī,
al-Iṣābah fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥābah (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1995), 1:568, 2:493, 4:67.
↩ [84] Recorded by al-Ṭabarānī in
al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr, no. 968 and no. 974.
↩ بَابُ تَخْوِيفِ أَهْلِ ٱلْإِيْمَانِ بِعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ
13. On Warning the People of Faith Regarding the Punishment of the Grave
Chapter 21 of 40
قَالَ ٱللَّهُ تَعَالَىٰ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ ﴿وَلَوْلَا أَنْ ثَبَّتْنَاكَ لَقَدْ كِدْتَ تَرْكَنُ إِلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا قَلِيلًا ٧٤ إِذًا لَّأَذَقْنَاكَ ضِعْفَ ٱلْحَيَاةِ وَضِعْفَ ٱلْمَمَاتِ ثُمَّ لَا تَجِدُ لَكَ عَلَيْنَا نَصِيرًا ٧٥﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٤-٧٥] حَكَىٰ أَبُو ٱلْقَاسِمِ ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِهِ عَنِ ٱلْحَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي ٱلْحَسَنِ ٱلْبَصْرِيِّ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿ضِعْفَ ٱلْمَمَاتِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٥] قَالَ: «هُوَ عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
Allah Most High said to His Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace: “And had We not strengthened you, you would have almost inclined to them a little. Then [if you had], We would have made you taste double [the punishment in] life and double [the punishment in] death; then you would not find for yourself against Us any helper” [al-Isrāʾ: 74-75]. Abū ʾl-Qāsim al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb related in his tafsīr on the authority of al-Ḥasan ibn Abī ʾl-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī that concerning His statement, “double [the punishment of] death” [al-Isrāʾ: 75], he said: “It is the punishment of the grave.”
١٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، نَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ٱلْفَزَارِيِّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿ضِعْفَ ٱلْمَمَاتِ﴾ [الإسراء: ٧٥] قَالَ: «عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
100. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: Muʿāwiya ibn ʿAmr informed us on the authority of Abū Isḥāq al-Fazārī, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Jābir, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ who said regarding His statement “double [the punishment in] death” [al-Isrāʾ: 75]: “[It is] the punishment of the grave.”
١٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَسَنِ بْنِ مُهَاجِرٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ قَالَا: ثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ٱلْأَيْلِيُّ، نَا ٱبْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ شِهَابٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ ٱلزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ وَعِنْدِي ٱمْرَأَةٌ مِنَ ٱلْيَهُودِ وَهِيَ تَقُولُ: هَلْ شَعُرْتِ أَنَّكُمْ تُفْتَنُونَ فِي ٱلْقُبُورِ؟ قَالَتْ: فَٱرْتَاعَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا يُفْتَنُ يَهُودٌ» قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂: فَلَبِثْنَا لَيَالِيَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَشَعَرْتِ أَنَّهُ أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ أَنَّكُمْ تُفْتَنُونَ فِي ٱلْقُبُورِ؟» قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدُ يَسْتَعِيذُ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ هَارُونَ ٱلْأَيْلِيِّ
101. Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Ḥusayn ibn Ḥasan ibn Muhājir and Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Mihrān narrated to us, saying: Hārūn ibn Saʿīd al-Aylī narrated to us: Ibn Wahb narrated to us: Yūnus ibn Yazīd informed me on the authority of ibn Shihāb: ʿUrwa ibn al-Zubayr narrated to me that ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – entered upon me while a woman from the Jews was with me, and she was saying, “Are you aware that you will be tested in the graves?” She [ʿĀʾisha] said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – was startled and said: “
It is only the Jews who are tested.” ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – said: We remained for some nights, then the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Are you aware that it has been revealed to me that you will be tested in the graves?” ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – said: Thereafter, I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – seeking refuge from the punishment of the grave. Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Hārūn al-Aylī.
[85]
١٠٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدُوسٍ، ثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، ثَنَا ٱبْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ ٱلزُّبَيْرِ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ﵂ تَقُولُ: قَامَ ٱلنَّبِيُّ ﷺ خَطِيبًا، فَذَكَرَ فِتْنَةَ ٱلْقَبْرِ ٱلَّتِي يُفْتَنُ فِيهَا ٱلْمَرْءُ فِي قَبْرِهِ، فَلَمَّا ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ ضَجَّ ٱلْمُسْلِمُونَ ضَجَّةً حَالَتْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ أَنْ أَفْهَمَ آخِرَ كَلَامِ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا سَكَنَتْ ضَجَّتُهُمْ قُلْتُ لِرَجُلٍ قَرِيبٍ مِنِّي: أَيْ بَارَكَ ٱللَّهُ فِيكَ، مَاذَا قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ فِي آخِرِ قَوْلِهِ؟ قَالَ: «قَدْ أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ أَنَّكُمْ تُفْتَنُونَ فِي ٱلْقُبُورِ قَرِيبًا مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ» رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنِ ٱبْنِ وَهْبٍ
102. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-Ḥasan Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdūs informed me: ʿUthmān ibn Saʿīd narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn Ṣāliḥ narrated to us: Ibn Wahb narrated to us: Yūnus informed me, on the authority of ibn Shihāb, who said: ʿUrwa ibn al-Zubayr informed me that he heard Asmāʾ bint Abī Bakr – may Allah be pleased with her – say: The Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – stood to deliver a sermon and mentioned the trial of the grave, which a person undergoes in his grave. When he mentioned that, the Muslims cried out in such a clamor that it prevented me from understanding the end of the speech of the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace. When their clamor subsided, I said to a man near me: O you, may Allah bless you, what did the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say at the end of his statement? He said: “
It has been revealed to me that you will be tried in your graves, in a manner close to the trial of the False Messiah.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ, on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Sulaymān, on the authority of ibn Wahb.
[86]
١٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ ٱلْفَضْلِ قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا مَنْصُورُ بْنُ أَبِي مُزَاحِمٍ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ ٱلْخَطَّابِ ﵁: «يَا عُمَرُ، كَيْفَ بِكَ إِذَا أُعِدَّ لَكَ مِنَ ٱلْأَرْضِ ثَلَاثُ أَذْرُعٍ وَشِبْرٌ فِي عَرْضِ ذِرَاعٍ وَشِبْرٍ، ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَيْكَ أَهْلُوكَ فَغَسَّلُوكَ وَكَفَّنُوكَ وَحَنَّطُوكَ، ثُمَّ ٱحْتَمَلُوكَ حَتَّى يُغَيِّبُوكَ، ثُمَّ يَهِيلُوا عَلَيْكَ ٱلتُّرَابَ ثُمَّ ٱنْصَرَفُوا عَنْكَ، فَأَتَاكَ فَتَّانَا ٱلْقَبْرِ مُنْكَرٌ وَنَكِيرٌ، أَصْوَاتُهُمَا مِثْلُ ٱلرَّعْدِ ٱلْقَاصِفِ، وَأَبْصَارُهُمَا كَٱلْبَرْقِ ٱلْخَاطِفِ، قَدْ سَدَلَا شُعُورَهُمَا فَتَلْتَلَاكَ وَتَوَهَّلَاكَ، وَقَالَا: مَنْ رَبُّكَ وَمَا دِينُكَ؟» قَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ ٱللَّهِ وَيَكُونُ مَعِي قَلْبِي ٱلَّذِي مَعِي ٱلْيَوْمَ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ: إِذًا أَكْفِيكَهُمَا بِٱللَّهِ تَعَالَىٰ
103. Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Muḥammad ibn Mūsā ibn al-Faḍl informed me: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Manṣūr ibn Abī Muzāḥim narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn Saʿd narrated to us on the authority of his father, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ ibn Yasār, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said to ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb – may Allah be pleased with him: “
O ʿUmar, how will it be with you when three cubits and a handspan in length by a width of a cubit and a handspan are prepared for you in the earth, and then your family stand over you, wash you, shroud you, and anoint you with aromatics,
then carry you until they lay you to rest, then pour the earth over you and depart from you, and then the two testers of the grave, Munkar and Nakīr, come to you – their voices like crashing thunder and their eyes like flashing lightning, having let down their hair, shaking you roughly and terrifying you – and say: ‘Who is your Lord, and what is your religion?’” He said: “O Prophet of Allah, will my heart that is with me today be with me?” He said: “
Yes.” He said: “Then I shall deal with the two of them for you, by Allah Most High!”
[87]
١٠٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ ٱلْفُضَيْلِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي غَطَفَانَ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَيْفَ أَنْتَ يَا عُمَرُ إِذَا ٱنْتُهِيَ بِكَ إِلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ فَحُفِرَ لَكَ ثَلَاثَةُ أَذْرُعٍ وَشِبْرٌ، ثُمَّ أَتَاكَ مُنْكَرٌ وَنَكِيرٌ أَسْوَدَانِ يَجُرَّانِ أَشْعَارَهُمَا كَأَنَّ أَصْوَاتَهُمَا ٱلرَّعْدُ ٱلْقَاصِفُ وَكَأَنَّ أَعْيُنَهُمَا ٱلْبَرْقُ ٱلْخَاطِفُ يَحْفِرَانِ ٱلْأَرْضَ بِأَنْيَابِهِمَا، فَأَجْلَسَاكَ فَزِعًا فَتَلْتَلَاكَ وَتَوَهَّلَاكَ» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ عَلَى مَا أَنَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: أَكْفِيكَهُمَا بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ
104. And Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh and Muḥammad ibn Mūsā informed us, saying: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Fuḍayl ibn Abī ʿAbd Allāh narrated to us on the authority of his father, on the authority of Abū Ghaṭafān, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
How will it be with you, O ʿUmar, when you are taken to the earth and three cubits and a handspan are dug for you, and then Munkar and Nakīr come to you – two black ones, dragging their hair, as though their voices were crashing thunder and as though their eyes were flashing lightning, digging up the earth with their tusks, and sitting you up in terror, shaking you roughly and terrifying you?” He said: “O Messenger of Allah, will I be on that day as I am now?” He said: “
Yes.” He said: “I shall deal with the two of them for you by Allah’s leave, O Messenger of Allah!”
[88]
١٠٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، فِي ٱلتَّارِيخِ، أَخْبَرَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَاجِيَةَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ رَاهَوَيْهِ، ثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْمَدِينِيُّ، ثَنَا مُفَضَّلُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ ٱلْخَطَّابِ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا عُمَرُ كَيْفَ أَنْتَ إِذَا كُنْتَ فِي أَرْبَعٍ مِنَ ٱلْأَرْضِ فِي ذِرَاعَيْنِ، فَرَأَيْتَ مُنْكَرًا وَنَكِيرًا؟» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا مُنْكَرٌ وَنَكِيرٌ؟ قَالَ: «فَتَّانَا ٱلْقَبْرِ أَبْصَارُهُمَا كَٱلْبَرْقِ ٱلْخَاطِفِ وَأَصْوَاتُهُمَا كَٱلرَّعْدِ ٱلْقَاصِفِ، مَعَهُمَا مِرْزَبَّةٌ لَوِ ٱجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهَا أَهْلُ مِنًى مَا ٱسْتَطَاعُوا رَفْعَهَا، هِيَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِمَا مِنْ عَصَايَ هَٰذِهِ، فَامْتَحَنَاكَ، فَإِنْ تَعَايَيْتَ أَوْ تَلَوَّيْتَ ضَرَبَاكَ بِهَا ضَرْبَةً تَصِيرُ بِهَا رَمَادًا» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ، وَإِنِّي عَلَى حَالَتِي هَٰذِهِ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ» قَالَ: أَرْجُو أَكْفِيكَهُمَا
105. And Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us in al-Tārīkh, saying: Sulaymān ibn Muḥammad ibn Nājiya informed me: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq ibn Rāhawayh narrated to us: ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Madīnī narrated to us: Mufaḍḍal ibn Ṣāliḥ narrated to us on the authority of Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Khālid, on the authority of Abū Suhayl, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
O ʿUmar, how will it be with you when you are in four cubits of earth by two cubits, and you see Munkar and Nakīr?” He said: “O Messenger of Allah, and what are Munkar and Nakīr?” He said: “
The two testers of the grave. Their eyes are like flashing lightning and their voices are like crashing thunder. With them is an iron mallet – if all the people of Minā were to gather to lift it, they would not be able to, yet it is easier for the two of them than this walking stick of mine. They will test you, and if you falter or hesitate, they will strike you with it a strike by which you will become ashes.” He said: “O Messenger of Allah, and will I be in this state of mine?” He said: “
Yes.” He said: “I hope to deal with the two of them for you!”
[89]
١٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ ٱلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلرُّوذَبَارِيُّ، نَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمُّويَهِ، نَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلْقَلَانِسِيُّ، نَا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسَ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، نَا نَافِعٌ مَوْلَى عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ ٱمْرَأَةِ ٱبْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ لِلْقَبْرِ ضَغْطَةً لَوْ نَجَا أَحَدٌ مِنْهَا لَنَجَا سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ»
106. Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad al-Rūdhabārī informed us: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Ḥammūwayh informed us: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Qalānisī informed us: Ādam ibn Abī Iyās informed us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of Saʿd ibn Ibrāhīm: Nāfiʿ, the freed slave of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar, narrated to us on the authority of Ṣafiyya, the wife of ibn ʿUmar, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Indeed, the grave has a squeeze; if anyone were to be saved from it, Saʿd ibn Muʿādh would have been saved from it.”
[90]
١٠٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْمُقْرِئُ بِبَغْدَادَ، نَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ النِّجَادُ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو عَائِشَةَ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ ٱمْرَأَةِ ٱبْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «لَوْ نَجَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ ضَغْطَةِ الْقَبْرِ لَنَجَا سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ» وَقِيلَ: عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عُمَرَ
107. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUmar al-Muqriʾ in Baghdad informed us: Aḥmad ibn Salmān al-Najjād
[91] narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Muḥammad narrated to us: Abū ʿĀʾisha narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of Saʿd ibn Ibrāhīm, on the authority of Nāfiʿ, on the authority of Ṣafiyya, the wife of ibn ʿUmar, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
If anyone were to be saved from the squeeze of the grave, it would be Saʿd ibn Muʿādh.” And it was said: on the authority of Nāfiʿ, on the authority of ibn ʿUmar.
[92]
١٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ بْنُ ٱلْفَضْلِ ٱلْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، نَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ٱلصَّفَّارُ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ٱلْأَنْمَاطِيُّ، نَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ، ثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «لَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدًا نَجَا مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ لَنَجَا سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ» ثُمَّ قَالَ بِأَصَابِعِهِ ٱلثَّلَاثِ فَجَمَعَهَا، كَأَنَّهُ يُقَلِّلُهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «لَقَدْ ضُغِطَ ثُمَّ عُوفِيَ»
108. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ibn al-Faḍl al-Qaṭṭān informed us in Baghdad: Ismāʿīl al-Ṣaffār informed us: Muḥammad ibn Ṣāliḥ al-Anmāṭī narrated to us: Abū Ḥudhayfa narrated to us: Sufyān narrated to us on the authority of Saʿd ibn Ibrāhīm, on the authority of Nāfiʿ, on the authority of ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
If anyone were to be saved from the punishment of the grave, Saʿd ibn Muʿādh would have been saved.” Then he gestured with his three fingers and gathered them, as if he were minimizing it, then he said: “
He was indeed squeezed, then he was relieved.”
[93]
١٠٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ ٱلْقَاضِي وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَىٰ قَالَا: ثَنَا ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، نَا ٱلْعَبَّاسُ ٱلدُّورِيُّ، ثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي مَسْعُودٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ ٱللَّهِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «هَٰذَا ٱلْعَبْدُ ٱلصَّالِحُ ٱلَّذِي تَحَرَّكَ لَهُ ٱلْعَرْشُ، وَفُتِحَتْ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ ٱلسَّمَاءِ، وَشَهِدَهُ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا مِنَ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةِ لَمْ يَهْبِطُوا إِلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ قَبْلَ ذَٰلِكَ، وَلَقَدْ ضُمَّ ضَمَّةً ثُمَّ أُفْرِجَ عَنْهُ» يَعْنِي سَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ تَابَعَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلْقُرَشِيُّ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ إِدْرِيسَ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، وَعَنِ عُمَرَ ﵄
109. Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Qāḍī and Abū Saʿīd Muḥammad ibn Mūsā informed us, saying: al-ʿAbbās ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-ʿAbbās al-Dūrī narrated to us: Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Masʿūd narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Idrīs narrated to us on the authority of ʿUbayd Allāh, on the authority of Nāfiʿ: ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar narrated to us, saying: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
This is the righteous servant for whom the Throne shook, for whom the gates of heaven were opened, and who was attended by seventy thousand angels who had never descended to the earth before that; yet he was pressed with a single squeeze, then released” – meaning Saʿd ibn Muʿādh. ʿAmr ibn Muḥammad al-Qurashī followed him on the authority of ibn Idrīs, and it has been narrated from another route on the authority of ʿĀʾisha, and on the authority of ʿUmar – may Allah be pleased with them both.
[94]
١١٠ - أَمَّا حَدِيثُ عَائِشَةَ، فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، نَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، نَا أَبُو ٱلزِّنْبَاعِ رَوْحُ بْنُ ٱلْفَرَجِ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ خَالِدٍ، ثَنَا ٱبْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ عَقِيلٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سَعْدَ بْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، يُخْبِرُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ سَعْدٍ، أَنَّهَا حُدِّثَتْ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: دَخَلَتْ يَهُودِيَّةٌ فَحَدَّثَتْنِي، وَذَكَرَ ٱلْحَدِيثَ، فِي قِصَّةِ ٱلْيَهُودِيَّةِ، وَإِخْبَارِ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ بِقَوْلِهَا قَالَتْ: فَلَمْ يُرْجِعْ إِلَيَّ شَيْئًا، فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ قَالَ: «يَا عَائِشَةُ تَعَوَّذِي بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ فَإِنَّهُ لَوْ نَجَا مِنْهَا أَحَدٌ لَنَجَا سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، وَلَٰكِنَّهُ لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَىٰ ضَمِّهِ»
110. As for the hadith of ʿĀʾisha, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb informed us: Abū ʾl-Zinbāʿ Rawḥ ibn al-Faraj informed us: ʿAmr ibn Khālid narrated to me: Ibn Lahīʿa narrated to us on the authority of ʿAqīl, that he heard Saʿd ibn Ibrāhīm informing on the authority of ʿĀʾisha bint Saʿd, that she was told on the authority of ʿĀʾisha, the wife of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: A Jewish woman entered and spoke to me. He mentioned the hadith regarding the story of the Jewish woman and ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – informing the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – of what she said. She said: He did not reply to me with anything. Then, after that, he said: “
O ʿĀʾisha, seek refuge in Allah from the punishment of the grave, for if anyone were to be saved from it, Saʿd ibn Muʿādh would have been saved; yet even he experienced its squeeze.”
[95]
١١١ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ ٱبْنِ عُمَرَ فَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى، ثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ ٱلسَّائِبِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: دَخَلَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْرَهُ، يَعْنِي قَبْرَ سَعْدٍ فَٱحْتُبِسَ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ: مَا حَبَسَكَ قَالَ: «ضُمَّ سَعْدٌ فِي ٱلْقَبْرِ ضَمَّةً فَدَعَوْتُ ٱللَّهَ أَنْ يَكْشِفَهُ عَنْهُ» وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ عَيَّاشِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ ٱلْمَخْزُومِيُّ، يُقَالُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ رَأَى ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَوُلِدَ بِأَرْضِ ٱلْحَبَشَةِ
111. As for the hadith of ibn ʿUmar, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Mūsā informed us: Ismāʿīl ibn Qutayba narrated to us: Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Fuḍayl narrated to us on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ ibn al-Sāʾib, on the authority of Mujāhid, on the authority of ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – entered his grave, meaning the grave of Saʿd, and was detained; when he came out, it was said: O Messenger of Allah, what detained you? He said: “
Saʿd was constricted in the grave, so I supplicated to Allah to relieve him.” And it was narrated on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAyyāsh ibn Abī Rabīʿa al-Makhzūmī, who is said to have seen the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and was born in the land of Abyssinia.
[96]
١١٢ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ دَرَسْتَوَيْهِ، ثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ٱللَّيْثُ، حَدَّثَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِلَالٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ٱلنَّضْرِ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ قَعَدَ عَلَى قَبْرِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ ثُمَّ ٱسْتَرْجَعَ فَقَالَ: «لَوْ نَجَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، أَوْ لَمِّهِ أَوْ ضَمِّهِ، لَنَجَا سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، لَقَدْ ضَمَّهُ ضَمَّةً ثُمَّ رُخِّيَ عَنْهُ»، وَوَرَدَ فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ
112. Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ibn al-Faḍl al-Qaṭṭān informed us in Baghdad: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar ibn Darastawayh informed us: Yaʿqūb ibn Sufyān narrated to us: Abū Ṣāliḥ narrated to me: al-Layth narrated to me: Khālid ibn Yazīd narrated to me on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Abī Hilāl, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Naḍr, on the authority of Ziyād ibn Abī ʿAyyāsh, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās, that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – sat at the grave of Saʿd ibn Muʿādh, then uttered the prayer of recourse (
istirjāʿ)
[97] and said: “
If anyone were to be saved from the trial of the grave, or from its squeezing or its constriction, Saʿd ibn Muʿādh would have been saved. It certainly squeezed him once, and then he was relieved from it.” And this was reported in the hadith of Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh.
[98]
١١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْجَبَّارِ، ثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاذُ بْنُ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَحْمُودُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ ٱلْجَمُوحِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّٰهِ قَالَ: لَمَّا وُضِعَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ فِي حُفْرَتِهِ سَبَّحَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّٰهِ ﷺ، وَسَبَّحَ ٱلنَّاسُ مَعَهُ وَكَبَّرَ وَكَبَّرَ ٱلْقَوْمُ مَعَهُ، قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّٰهِ مِمَّ سَبَّحْتَ؟ فَقَالَ: «هَٰذَا ٱلْعَبْدُ ٱلصَّالِحُ لَقَدْ تَضَايَقَ عَلَيْهِ قَبْرُهُ حَتَّى فَرَّجَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ»
113. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār narrated to us: Yūnus ibn Bukayr narrated to us on the authority of ibn Isḥāq: Muʿādh ibn Rifāʿa ibn Rāfiʿ narrated to me: Maḥmūd ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAmr ibn al-Jamūḥ informed me: on the authority of Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh: When Saʿd ibn Muʿādh was placed in his grave, the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – glorified Allah, and the people glorified Allah with him, and he proclaimed the greatness of Allah, and the people proclaimed the greatness of Allah with him. It was asked, “O Messenger of Allah, why did you glorify Allah?” He said: “
This righteous servant – his grave had constricted around him until Allah relieved him.”
[99]
١١٤ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ بَعْضَ أَهْلِ سَعْدٍ: مَا بَلَغَكُمْ مِنْ قَوْلِ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ فِي هَٰذَا؟ فَقَالُوا: ذُكِرَ لَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَٰلِكَ فَقَالَ: «كَانَ يُقَصِّرُ فِي بَعْضِ ٱلطُّهُورِ مِنَ ٱلْبَوْلِ»
114. And by his chain of transmission on the authority of Abū Isḥāq: Umayya ibn ʿAbd Allāh narrated to me that he asked some of the family of Saʿd, “What has reached you concerning the statement of the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – regarding this?” They said: It was mentioned to us that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – was asked about that, and he said: “
He used to fall short in properly purifying himself from urine.”
[100]
١١٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ دَاوُدَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي ٱلْبَخْتَرِيِّ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ فِي جِنَازَةٍ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ٱلْقَبْرَ جَعَلَ يَنْظُرُ فِيهِ، فَقَالَ: «عَجِبْتُ مِنْهُ يُضْغَطُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ فِيهِ ضَغْطَةً تَزُولُ مِنْهَا حَمَائِلُهُ وَيُمْلَأُ عَلَى ٱلْكَافِرِ نَارًا»
115. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us, Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us, Mūsā ibn Dāwūd narrated to us, Muḥammad ibn Jābir narrated to us on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Murra, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Bakhtarī, on the authority of Ḥudhayfa, who said: We were with the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – at a funeral. When he reached the grave, he began to look into it, and he said: “
I am amazed at it; the believer is squeezed in it with a squeeze from which his ribs[101]
are dislocated, while it is filled with fire for the disbeliever.”
[102]
١١٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، نَا مُحَمَّدٌ، ثَنَا عُقْبَةُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ، نَا عَمْرُو بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ٱلْقُطَعِيُّ، ثَنَا ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ ٱلْمُسَيِّبِ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ، إِنَّكَ مُنْذُ يَوْمِ حَدَّثْتَنِي بِصَوْتِ مُنْكَرٍ وَنَكِيرٍ وَضَغْطَةِ ٱلْقَبْرِ لَيْسَ يَنْفَعُنِي شَيْءٌ قَالَ: «يَا عَائِشَةُ إِنَّ أَصْوَاتَ مُنْكَرٍ وَنَكِيرٍ فِي أَسْمَاعِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ كَٱلْإِثْمِدِ فِي ٱلْعَيْنِ وَإِنَّ ضَغْطَةَ ٱلْقَبْرِ عَلَى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِ كَٱلْأُمِّ ٱلشَّفِيقَةِ يَشْكُو إِلَيْهَا ٱبْنُهَا ٱلصُّدَاعَ؛ فَتَغْمِزُ رَأْسَهُ غَمْزًا رَفِيقًا، وَلَٰكِنْ يَا عَائِشَةُ وَيْلٌ لِّلشَّاكِّينَ فِي ٱللَّهِ، كَيْفَ يُضْغَطُونَ فِي قُبُورِهِمْ كَضَغْطَةِ ٱلْبَيْضَةِ عَلَى ٱلصَّخْرَةِ»
116. Abū ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Saʿīd informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Muḥammad informed us: ʿUqba ibn Mukram narrated to us: ʿAmr ibn Sufyān al-Quṭaʿī informed us: al-Ḥasan ibn Abī Jaʿfar narrated to us on the authority of ʿAlī ibn Zayd, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyib that ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – said: “O Messenger of Allah, since the day you told me about the voices of Munkar and Nakīr and the squeeze of the grave, nothing has brought me peace.”
[103] He said: “
O ʿĀʾisha, the voices of Munkar and Nakīr in the ears of the believers are like kohl (ithmid) in the eye.[104]
And the squeezing of the grave for the believer is like a compassionate mother whose son complains to her of a headache; she gently presses his head. But, O ʿĀʾisha, woe to the doubters in Allah, how they are squeezed in their graves like the squeezing of an egg upon a rock.”
[105]
Notes
[85] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 584.
↩ [86] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 86.
↩ [87] Recorded in
Musnad al-Ḥārith, no. 2669.
↩ [88] Recorded in
Al-Matālib al-ʿĀliyah by ibn Ḥajar, no. 4531.
↩ [89] Recorded in Kanz al-ʿUmmāl by al-Muttaqī al-Hindī, no. 42946.
↩ [90] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 24283. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ. Saʿd ibn Muʿādh (d. 5 AH/627 CE) was the leader (
sayyid) of the Aws tribe among the Anṣār and one of the most eminent Companions of the Prophet ﷺ. His spiritual standing was so lofty that, according to sound traditions, the Divine Throne shook at his death (
ihtazza ʿarsh al-Raḥmān li-mawti Saʿd) and seventy thousand angels attended his funeral. By explicitly noting that even someone of Saʿd’s stature was not spared the initial pressure of the grave (
ḍagḥta), the Prophet ﷺ underscored its absolute universality. See al-Dhahabī,
Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ, 1:279–295.
↩ [92] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 24283. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ.
↩ [91] In al-Quḍāh’s edition, this name is mistakenly printed as Aḥmad ibn Sulaymān. It has been corrected here to Aḥmad ibn Salmān [al-Najjād] (d. 348 AH), the well-known Ḥanbalī traditionist and jurist.
↩ [93] Recorded in
Sharḥ Mushkil al-Āthār by al-Ṭaḥāwī, no. 276.
↩ [94] Recorded in
Sunan al-Nasāʾī, no. 2055.
↩ [95] Lit., “but it did no more than squeeze him.” Recorded in
al-Muʿjam al-Awsaṭ by al-Ṭabarānī, no. 4627.
↩ [96] Recorded in
al-Muṣannaf Ibn Abī Shayba, no. 36800.
↩ [98] Recorded in
al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr by al-Ṭabarānī, no. 10827.
↩ [97] i.e., recited the Qurʾānic formula of recourse in affliction (
istirjāʿ): “Indeed, to Allah we belong, and indeed, to Him we shall return” [al-Baqara :156]
↩ [99] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 15029. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ.
↩ [100] Recorded in Nawādir al-uṣūl fī aḥādīth al-Rasūl, 3:233.
↩ [102] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 23457 with slight variation. Graded
ḍaʿīf by al-Arnaʾūṭ.
↩ [101] Ḥamāʾil (singular
ḥamīla) denotes the shoulder-straps or baldrics from which a sword is suspended. Applied metaphorically to human anatomy in this tradition, classical lexicographers note that it refers to the ribs or structural bones of the upper torso that hold the body together. See Ibn al-Athīr,
al-Nihāyah fī gharīb al-ḥadīth wa-ʾl-āthār, ed. Ṭāhir Aḥmad al-Zāwī and Maḥmūd Muḥammad al-Ṭanāḥī (Beirut: al-Maktabah al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1979), 1:444; and Edward William Lane,
An Arabic-English Lexicon (London: Williams and Norgate, 1863), s.v. “ḥ-m-l” (650).
↩ [103] Lit., “nothing has been of benefit to me.”
↩ [105] Recorded in al-Daylami’s
Musnad al-Firdaws, nos. 3776 and 7153.
↩ [104] Ithmid (antimony kohl) was traditionally applied to cool, soothe, and strengthen the eye; the metaphor denotes a comforting sensation rather than irritation.
↩ بَابُ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ فِي ٱلنَّمِيمَةِ وَٱلْبَوْلِ
14. On the Punishment of the Grave Due to Talebearing and Urine
Chapter 22 of 40
١١٧ - ثَنَا أَبُو طَٰهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَحْمَشٍ ٱلْفَقِيهُ لَفْظًا، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱبْنُ عَمِّ يُوسُفَ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ ٱلْفَضْلِ، قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِمَا قَالُوا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ: ثَنَا إِبْرَٰهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْعَبْسِيُّ، أَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ ٱلْأَعْمَشِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُجَٰهِدًا، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ طَٰوُسٍ عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: مَرَّ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى قَبْرَيْنِ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُمَا لَيُعَذَّبَانِ وَمَا يُعَذَّبَانِ فِي كَبِيرٍ، أَمَّا أَحَدُهُمَا فَكَانَ يَمْشِي بِٱلنَّمِيمَةِ، وَأَمَّا ٱلْآخَرُ فَكَانَ لَا يَسْتَتِرُ مِنْ بَوْلِهِ» قَالَ وَكِيعٌ: لَا يَتَوَقَّاهُ قَالَ: فَدَعَا بِعَسِيبٍ رَطْبٍ فَشَقَّهُ ٱثْنَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ غَرَسَ عَلَى هَٰذَا وَٰاحِدًا وَعَلَى هَٰذَا وَٰاحِدًا ثُمَّ قَالَ: «لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يُخَفَّفَ عَنْهُمَا مَا لَمْ يَيْبَسَا» رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى وَيَحْيَى، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ إِسْحَٰقَ بْنِ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ، وَغَيْرِهِ كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ وَكِيعٍ.
117. Abū Ṭāhir Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Maḥmash al-Faqīh narrated to us verbatim, while Abū ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmm Yūsuf and Abū Saʿīd ibn Mūsā ibn al-Faḍl narrated to us by way of recitation to them – they all said: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us, saying: Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿAbsī narrated to us: Wakīʿ informed us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, who said: I heard Mujāhid narrating on the authority of Ṭāwūs, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – passed by two graves and said: “
Indeed, they are being punished, and they are not being punished for something difficult to avoid. One of them used to go about carrying tales, while the other did not protect himself from his urine.” Wakīʿ said: “That is, he did not guard against it.” He said: He then called for a fresh palm branch, split it in two, and planted one on this grave and one on that grave. Then he said: “
Perhaps their punishment will be lightened for them as long as the two stalks do not dry.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū Mūsā and Yaḥyā, and narrated by Muslim on the authority of Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm and others, all of them on the authority of Wakīʿ.
[106]
١١٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْجَبَّارِ، ثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ ٱلْأَعْمَشِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي ٱلْحَدِيثِ: «وَأَمَّا ٱلْآخَرُ فَكَانَ لَا يَسْتَنْزِهُ مِنَ ٱلْبَوْلِ» قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَخَذَ جَرِيدَةً رَطْبَةً فَشَقَّهَا نِصْفَيْنِ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ فِي كُلِّ قَبْرٍ وَاحِدَةً قَالَ: قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ لِمَ فَعَلْتَ هَٰذَا؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ: «لَعَلَّهُمَا أَنْ يُخَفِّفَا عَنْهُمَا مَا لَمْ يَيْبَسَا» رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ٱلْمُثَنَّى، وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ
118. And Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār narrated to us: Abū Muʿāwiya narrated to us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, and he mentioned it with his chain of transmission and its meaning, except that he said in the hadith: “
As for the other, he did not use to purify himself from urine.” He said: Then he took a fresh palm branch and split it into two halves, then he placed one on each grave. He said: They said: O Messenger of Allah, why did you do this? He said: So he said: “
Perhaps the punishment will be lightened for them as long as the two stalks do not dry.” Transmitted by al-Bukhārī in the
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā, and others, on the authority of Abū Muʿāwiya.
[107]
١١٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ ٱلدَّقَّاقُ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحُسَيْنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ ٱلْأَدَمِيُّ، إِمْلَاءً، ثَنَا أَبُو قِلَابَةَ، ثَنَا مُعَلَّى بْنُ أَسَدٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنِ ٱلْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَرَّ بِقَبْرَيْنِ فَقَالَ «إِنَّهُمَا لَيُعَذَّبَانِ بِٱلنَّمِيمَةِ وَٱلْبَوْلِ» وَأَخَذَ جَرِيدَةً رَطْبَةً فَشَقَّهَا بِٱثْنَتَيْنِ وَجَعَلَ عَلَى كُلِّ قَبْرٍ وَاحِدَةً وَقَالَ: «لَعَلَّهُ أَن يُخَفَّفَ عَنْهُمَا مَا دَامَا رَطْبَتَيْنِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ أَسَدٍ وَرَوَاهُ مَنْصُورُ بْنُ ٱلْمُعْتَمِرِ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَحَدِيثُ ٱلْأَعْمَشِ أَصَحُّ قَالَهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِيمَا حَكَى عَنْهُ أَبُو عِيسَى ٱلتِّرْمِذِيُّ
119. Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī Ṭāhir al-Daqqāq informed us in Baghdad: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān al-Adamī narrated to us, by dictation: Abū Qilāba narrated to us: Muʿallā ibn Asad narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Wāḥid ibn Ziyād narrated to us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Mujāhid, on the authority of Ṭāwūs, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās: The Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – passed by two graves and said: “
They are indeed being punished for talebearing and urine.” And he took a fresh palm branch, split it in two, placed one on each grave, and said: “
Perhaps it may be lightened for them as long as they both remain fresh.” Transmitted by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf, on the authority of Muʿallā ibn Asad. And Manṣūr ibn al-Muʿtamir narrated it on the authority of Mujāhid, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās. And the hadith of al-Aʿmash is more authentic, as al-Bukhārī said in what Abū ʿĪsā al-Tirmidhī related on his authority.
[108]
١٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّٰهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ، نَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ٱلرَّزَّازُ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ، ثَنَا عَفَّانُ، ثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنِ ٱلْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «أَكْثَرُ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ فِي ٱلْبَوْلِ»، قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى ٱلتِّرْمِذِيُّ سَأَلْتُ مُحَمَّدًا يَعْنِي ٱلْبُخَارِيَّ عَنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ فَقَالَ: هَٰذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ، وَهَٰذَا غَيْرُ ذَاكَ ٱلْحَدِيثِ
120. Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bishrān informed us in Baghdad: Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr al-Razzāz narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn Zuhayr narrated to us: ʿAffān narrated to us: Abū ʿAwāna narrated to us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – he said: “
Most of the punishment of the grave is due to urine.” Abū ʿĪsā al-Tirmidhī said: I asked Muḥammad – meaning al-Bukhārī – about the hadith of Abū ʿAwāna, and he said: This is a
ṣaḥīḥ hadith, and this is other than that hadith.
[109]
١٢١ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَابِقٍ، ثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ أَبِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ عَامَّةَ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ مِنَ ٱلْبَوْلِ، فَتَنَزَّهُوا مِنَ ٱلْبَوْلِ»
121. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Sābiq narrated to us: Isrāʾīl narrated to us on the authority of Abū Yaḥyā, on the authority of Mujāhid, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Indeed, the majority of the punishment of the grave is due to urine, so keep yourselves clean from urine.”
[110]
١٢٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ ٱلْحَضْرَمِيُّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ ٱلْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، أَنَّ ٱلْخَنْسَاءَ، حَدَّثَتْهُ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ مَرَّ بِقَبْرَيْنِ فَأَخَذَ سَعَفَةً أَوْ جَرِيدَةً فَشَقَّهَا فَجَعَلَ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى أَحَدِ ٱلْقَبْرَيْنِ، وَٱلشُّقَّةُ ٱلْأُخْرَى عَلَى ٱلْقَبْرِ ٱلْآخَرِ. قَالَ ٱبْنُ وَهْبٍ: أَرَى سُئِلَ عَنْ فَعْلَتِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «رَجُلٌ كَانَ لَا يَتَّقِي مِنَ ٱلْبَوْلِ وَٱمْرَأَةٌ كَانَتْ تَمْشِي بَيْنَ ٱلنَّاسِ بِٱلنَّمِيمَةِ فَٱنْتَظَرَ بِهِمَا ٱلْعَذَابُ إِلَى يَوْمِ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ»
122. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Bakr al-Ḥaḍramī narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Wahb narrated to us on the authority of ʿAmr ibn al-Ḥārith, on the authority of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Ṣāliḥ, that al-Khansāʾ narrated to him on the authority of Abū Hurayra, on the authority of the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: He passed by two graves, so he took a palm branch or a palm stalk and split it, placing one of them on one of the two graves, and the other split piece on the other grave. Ibn Wahb said: I believe he was asked about his action, and the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
[One was] a man who did not shield himself from urine, and [the other was] a woman who used to walk among people carrying tales; so the punishment was delayed for them until the Day of Resurrection.”
[111]
١٢٣ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ، نَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: مَرَّ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى قَبْرٍ فَوَقَفَ فَقَالَ: «إِيتُونِي بِجَرِيدَتَيْنِ» فَجَعَلَ إِحْدَٰىهُمَا عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ وَٱلْأُخْرَى عِنْدَ رِجْلَيْهِ، فَقُلْنَا لَهُ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ أَيَنْفَعُهُ ذَٰلِكَ؟ قَالَ: «لَنْ يَزَالَ يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُ بَعْضُ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ مَا دَامَ فِيهِمَا نُدُوٌّ»
123. And Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad narrated to us: Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd narrated to us: Yazīd ibn Kaysān narrated to us on the authority of Abū Ḥāzim, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – passed by a grave, stopped, and said: “
Bring me two palm branches.” Then he placed one of them at its head and the other at its feet. So we said to him: “O Messenger of Allah, will that benefit him?” He said: “
Some of the punishment of the grave will continue to be lightened for him as long as there is moisture in both of them.”
[112]
١٢٤ - ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ ٱلْأُصُولِيُّ، أَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثَنَا ٱلْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ، عَنْ بَحْرِ بْنِ مِرَارٍ ٱلْبَكْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا أَنَا أَمْشِي مَعَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَعِيَ رَجُلٌ وَرَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَمْشِي بَيْنَنَا، إِذْ أَتَى عَلَى قَبْرَيْنِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ صَاحِبَيْ هَٰذَيْنِ ٱلْقَبْرَيْنِ لَيُعَذَّبَانِ ٱلْآنَ فِي قُبُورِهِمَا، فَأَيُّكُمْ يَأْتِينِي مِنْ هَٰذَا ٱلنَّخْلِ بِعَسِيبٍ»، فَٱسْتَبَقْتُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي، فَسَبَقْتُهُ وَكَسَرْتُ مِنَ ٱلنَّخْلِ عَسِيبًا، فَأَتَيْتُ بِهِ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَشَقَّهُ نِصْفَيْنِ مِنْ أَعْلَاهُ فَوَضَعَ عَلَى أَحَدِهِمَا نِصْفًا وَعَلَى ٱلْآخَرِ نِصْفًا وَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُ يُهَوَّنُ عَلَيْهِمَا مَا دَامَ فِيهِمَا مِنْ بُلُولَتِهِمَا شَيْءٌ، إِنَّهُمَا لَيُعَذَّبَانِ فِي ٱلْغِيبَةِ وَٱلْبَوْلِ» وَهَٰكَذَا رَوَاهُ وَكِيعٌ عَنِ ٱلْأَسْوَدِ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ.
124. Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Uṣūlī narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar informed us: Yūnus ibn Ḥabīb narrated to us: Abū Dāwūd narrated to us: al-Aswad ibn Shaybān narrated to us on the authority of Baḥr ibn Mirār al-Bakrī, on the authority of Abū Bakra – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: While I was walking with the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and another man was with me, and the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – was walking between us, he came upon two graves, and the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
The occupants of these two graves are indeed being punished right now in their graves. Which of you will bring me a palm branch from this palm tree?” So my companion and I raced, and I beat him and broke off a palm branch from the palm tree. I brought it to the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and he split it into two halves from its top, placing one half on one grave and the other half on the other grave, and said: “
Indeed, their punishment will be lightened for them as long as any moisture remains in these two. They are indeed being punished for backbiting and urine.” And it was narrated likewise by Wakīʿ, on the authority of al-Aswad; and Muslim transmitted it, on the authority of Ibrāhīm.
[113]
١٢٥ - كَمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ الشِّيرَازِيُّ، ثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثَنَا الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ شَيْبَانَ، عَنْ بَحْرِ بْنِ مِرَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ قَالَ: ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرَةَ قَالَ: بَيْنَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ إِذْ أَتَىٰ عَلَىٰ قَبْرَيْنِ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ صَاحِبَيْ هَٰذَيْنِ الْقَبْرَيْنِ يُعَذَّبَانِ، فَأْتِيَانِي بِجَرِيدَةٍ» قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ: فَاسْتَبَقْتُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي فَسَبَقْتُهُ فَأَتَيْتُهُ بِجَرِيدَةٍ فَشَقَّهَا بِنِصْفَيْنِ فَوَضَعَ فِي هَٰذَا الْقَبْرِ وَاحِدَةً وَفِي ذَا وَاحِدَةً، وَقَالَ: «لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يُخَفَّفَ عَنْهُمَا مَا دَامَتَا رَطْبَتَيْنِ، أَمَا إِنَّهُمَا لَيُعَذَّبَانِ بِلَا كَبِيرٍ الْغِيبَةِ وَالْبَوْلِ»
125. Likewise, Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār informed us: Ibrāhīm ibn Ṣāliḥ al-Shīrāzī narrated to us: Muslim ibn Ibrāhīm narrated to us: al-Aswad ibn Shaybān narrated to us on the authority of Baḥr ibn Mirār, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakra, who said: Abū Bakra narrated to us, saying: While the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – was between me and another man, he came upon two graves and said: “
Indeed, the occupants of these two graves are being punished; bring me a palm branch.” Abū Bakra said: So my companion and I raced, and I beat him and brought him a palm branch. He split it into two halves, placing one on this grave and one on that grave, and said: “
Perhaps it may be lightened for them as long as the two remain fresh. Truly, they are being punished for something not major: backbiting and urine.”
[114]
١٢٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ بَهْدَلَةَ، عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي جَبِيرَةَ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ سِيَابَةَ أَنَّ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَرَّ بِقَبْرٍ يُعَذَّبُ فِي غَيْرِ كَبِيرٍ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِجَرِيدَةٍ فَوَضَعَهَا عَلَى قَبْرِهِ فَقَالَ: «لَعَلَّهُ يُخَفِّفُ عَنْهُ مَا كَانَتْ رَطْبَةً»، هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ حَمَّادٌ وَقَالَ: أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي جَبِيرَةَ، عَنْ يَعْلَىٰ
126. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: Sulaymān ibn Ḥarb narrated to us: Ḥammād ibn Salama narrated to us on the authority of ʿĀṣim ibn Bahdala, on the authority of Ḥabīb ibn Abī Jabīra, on the authority of Yaʿlā ibn Siyāba, that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – passed by a grave whose occupant was being punished for something that was not a major sin, then he called for a palm branch and placed it upon his grave, saying: “
Perhaps it will be lightened for him as long as it remains fresh.” Thus Ḥammād narrated it [with this chain]. And Abān ibn Yazīd said [narrated it] on the authority of ʿĀṣim, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Abī Jabīra, on the authority of Yaʿlā.
[115]
١٢٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ السَّمَّاكِ، ثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، ثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ التَّيْمِيُّ، ثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ وَٱللَّفْظُ لَهُمَا قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، نَا أَبُو أُمَامَةَ ٱلْكَلْبِيُّ، ثَنَا عُبَيْدُ بْنُ ٱلصَّبَّاحِ، ثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: مَرَّ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ بِقَبْرَيْنِ لِبَنِي ٱلنَّجَّارِ وَهُمَا يُعَذَّبَانِ بِٱلنَّمِيمَةِ وَٱلْبَوْلِ، فَأَخَذَ سَعَفَةً فَشَقَّهَا بِٱثْنَيْنِ فَوَضَعَ عَلَىٰ هَٰذَا ٱلْقَبْرِ شُقَّةً وَعَلَىٰ هَٰذَا ٱلْقَبْرِ شُقَّةً، وَقَالَ: «يُخَفَّفُ عَنْهُمَا مَا زَالَتَا رَطْبَتَيْنِ»
127. Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ibn Bishrān informed us in Baghdād: ʿUthmān ibn Aḥmad ibn al-Sammāk informed us: al-Ḥusayn ibn Ḥumayd ibn al-Rabīʿ narrated to us: ʿUbayd ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Taymī narrated to us: ʿĪsā ibn Ṭahmān narrated to us; [alternatively] Abū ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Saʿīd informed us (and the wording is theirs): Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Abū Umāma al-Kalbī narrated to us: ʿUbayd ibn al-Ṣabbāḥ narrated to us: ʿĪsā ibn Ṭahmān narrated to us on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – passed by two graves belonging to the Banū ʾl-Najjār while they were being punished for talebearing and urine. So he took a palm branch, split it in two, and placed a piece on this grave and a piece on this grave, and he said: “
It will be lightened for them as long as they both remain fresh.”
[116]
١٢٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَحْمَوَيْهِ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ، ثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ خُرَّزَاذَ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ نُفَيْلٍ، ثَنَا خُلَيْدُ بْنُ دَعْلَجٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: مَرَّ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ بِرَجُلٍ يُعَذَّبُ فِي قَبْرِهِ مِنَ ٱلنَّمِيمَةِ.
128. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Maḥmūwayh al-ʿAskarī informed us: ʿUthmān ibn Khurrazādh narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Nufayl narrated to us: Khulayd ibn Daʿlaj narrated to us on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Anas – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – passed by a man who was being punished in his grave because of talebearing.
[117]
١٢٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ ٱلْفَقِيهُ، أَنَبَأَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ٱلْحُسَيْنِ ٱلْقَطَّانُ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: مَرَّ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ بِقَبْرٍ فَنَفَرَتْ بَغْلَتُهُ ٱلشَّهْبَاءُ فَأَخَذَ ٱلْقَوْمُ بِلِجَامِهَا فَقَالَ: «خَلُّوا عَنْهَا فَإِنَّ صَاحِبَ ٱلْقَبْرِ يُعَذَّبُ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَسْتَنْزِهُ مِنَ ٱلْبَوْلِ»
129. Abū Ṭāhir al-Faqīh narrated to us: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Qaṭṭān informed us: Muḥammad ibn Yazīd narrated to us, saying: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – passed by a grave, and his grey mule bolted, so the people seized its bridle. He said: “
Leave her be, for indeed the occupant of the grave is being punished, as he did not keep himself clean from urine.”
[118]
١٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ ٱلْمُؤَمَّلِ، أَنْبَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْبَصْرِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْوَهَّابِ، أَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، نَا ٱلْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنِ حَسَنَةَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَنَا وَعَمْرُو بْنُ ٱلْعَاصِ، جَالِسَيْنِ فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ وَفِي يَدِهِ دَرَقَةٌ، فَبَالَ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ فَتَكَلَّمْنَا بَيْنَنَا فَقُلْنَا: يَبُولُ كَمَا تَبُولُ ٱلْمَرْأَةُ، فَأَتَانَا فَقَالَ: «أَمَا تَدْرُونَ مَا لَقِيَ صَاحِبُ بَنِي إِسْرَٰٓئِيلَ، كَانَ إِذَا أَصَابَهُمْ بَوْلٌ قَرَضُوهُ فَنَهَاهُمْ فَتَرَكُوهُ فَعُذِّبَ فِي قَبْرِهِ»
130. Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Muʾammal informed us, Abū ʿUthmān ʿAmr ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Baṣrī informed us, Abū Aḥmad Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb narrated to us, Yaʿlā ibn ʿUbayd informed us, al-Aʿmash narrated to us on the authority of Zayd ibn Wahb, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ḥasana, who said: ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ and I were sitting when the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – came out to us with a shield in his hand. He urinated while sitting, so we spoke among ourselves and said: “He urinates as a woman urinates.” He came to us and said: “
Do you not know what befell a man from the Children of Israel? When urine touched them, they would cut it away, but he forbade them, so they ceased, and he was punished in his grave.”
[119]
Notes
[106] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 216, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 292.
↩ [107] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 216 and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 292.
↩ [108] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 292.
↩ [109] Recorded in
Sunan ibn Majah, no. 348.
↩ [110] Recorded in
Sunan al-Dāraquṭnī, no. 466. al-Dāraquṭnī noted: “There is no harm in it” (
lā baʾsa bihi).
↩ [111] This narration is unique to this work with this exact wording. Al-Muttaqī al-Hindī indicated in
Kanz al-ʿUmmāl (15/743) that it was not recorded by any primary collector except al-Bayhaqī in
ʿAdhāb al-Qabr.
↩ [112] Recorded in
Musnad ibn Abī Shayba, no. 595 with slight variation in wording.
↩ [113] Recorded in
Musnad Abī Dāwud al-Ṭayālisī, no. 908.
↩ [114] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 20373, with a variation in wording. al-Arnaʾūṭ graded its chain of transmission as
qawī (strong). ↩ [115] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 17560. Graded
ḍaʿīf by al-Arnaʾūṭ.
↩ [116] Recorded in
Al-Muʿjam al-Awsat of al-Ṭabarānī, no. 7680.
↩ [117] Recorded in
Al-Muʿjam al-Awsat of al-Ṭabarānī, no. 1054. Al-Bayhaqī recorded the text here in a truncated form, omitting the final segment concerning the punishment for urine.
↩ [118] This narration is unique to this work with this exact wording. Al-Suyuṭī indicated in
Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ (2/282) that it was not recorded by any primary collector except al-Bayhaqī in
Ithbāt ʿAdhāb al-Qabr.
↩ [119] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 17760. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ. The narration in
Musnad Aḥmad provides additional clarity, explicitly stating that the Prophet ﷺ used the leather shield to screen himself for privacy (
fa-istatara bihā). The narration highlights the severity of the ancient law for the Children of Israel, where soiled garments had to be physically cut away rather than merely washed, and the grave consequence for the authority figure who forbade them from this required purification.
↩ بَابُ مَا يُرْجَىٰ فِي قِرَاءَةِ سُورَةِ ٱلْمُلْكِ مِنَ ٱلْمَنْعِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ
21. On the Hope That Reciting Sūrat al-Mulk Prevents the Punishment of the Grave
Chapter 29 of 40
١٤٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، نَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ قَالَ: «تُوُفِّيَ رَجُلٌ فَأُتِيَ مِنْ جَوَانِبِ قَبْرِهِ، فَجَعَلَتْ سُورَةٌ مِنَ ٱلْقُرْآنِ تُجَادِلُ عَنْهُ حَتَّىٰ مَنَعَتْهُ قَالَ: فَنَظَرْتُ أَنَا وَمَسْرُوقٌ فَإِذَا هِيَ سُورَةُ ٱلْمُلْكِ»
147. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: ʿUthmān ibn ʿUmar informed us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Murra, on the authority of Murra, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: “A man died and was approached from the sides of his grave, and a chapter of the Qurʾān began to argue on his behalf until it prevented them from reaching him..” He said: “Masrūq and I looked, and it was the chapter of al-Mulk.”
١٤٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَنْبَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّزَّازُ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، نَا أَبِي قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْأَعْمَشَ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ قَالَ: «جَادَلَتْ سُورَةُ تَبَارَكَ عَنْ صَاحِبِهَا حَتَّى أَدْخَلَتْهُ ٱلْجَنَّةَ»
148. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ibn Bishrān informed us, Abū Jaʿfar al-Razzāz informed us, Yaḥyā ibn Jaʿfar narrated to us, Wahb ibn Jarīr narrated to us, my father narrated to us, saying: I heard al-Aʿmash narrating on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Murra, on the authority of Masrūq, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh, who said: “The chapter of Tabāraka will argue on behalf of its companion until it admits him into Paradise.”
١٤٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ بَلَوَيْهِ، قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، ثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، أَنبَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ زِرٍّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ يَعْنِي ٱبْنَ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: «سُورَةُ تَبَارَكَ هِيَ ٱلْمَانِعَةُ، تَمْنَعُ بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ ﵎ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، أُتِيَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ رَأْسِهِ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ: لَا سَبِيلَ لَكَ عَلَى هَٰذَا إِنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ دَعَا فِي سُورَةِ ٱلْمُلْكِ، وَأُتِيَ مِنْ قِبَلِ رِجْلَيْهِ فَقَالَتْ رِجْلَاهُ: لَا سَبِيلَ لَكُمْ عَلَى هَٰذَا إِنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُومُ بِي بِسُورَةِ ٱلْمُلْكِ فَمَنَعَتْهُ بِإِذْنِ ٱللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، وَهِيَ فِي ٱلتَّوْرَاةِ سُورَةُ ٱلْمُلْكِ، مَنْ قَرَأَهَا فِي لَيْلَةٍ فَقَدْ أَكْثَرَ وَأَطَابَ»، وَبِمَعْنَاهُ رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ ٱلثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ أَبِي ٱلنَّجُودِ
149. Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh informed us: Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Balawayh informed me, by way of reading to him: Muḥammad ibn Ghālib informed us: ʿAmr ibn Marzūq narrated to us: Shuʿba informed us on the authority of ʿĀṣim, on the authority of Zirr, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh – meaning ibn Masʿūd – who said: “The chapter of
Tabāraka is the defender; it protects, by the permission of Allah – Blessed and Exalted is He – against the punishment of the grave. A man was approached from the direction of his head, and it said to him: ‘You have no way to reach this one, for he used to recite the chapter of
al-Mulk.’ Then he was approached from the direction of his feet, and his feet said: ‘You have no way to reach this one, for he used to stand with me reciting the chapter of
al-Mulk.’ Thus, it prevented him, by the permission of Allah, from the punishment of the grave. It is in the Torah as the chapter of
al-Mulk; whoever recites it in a night has indeed done much and done well.” Narrated with the same meaning by Sufyān al-Thawrī, on the authority of ʿĀṣim ibn Abī al-Najūd.
[137]
١٥٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ أَبِي الشَّوَارِبِ، نَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَالِكٍ النُّكْرِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي الْجَوْزَاءِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: صَوَّبَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ خِبَاءَهُ عَلَى قَبْرٍ وَهُوَ لَا يَحْسَبُ أَنَّهُ قَبْرٌ، فَإِذَا فِيهِ إِنْسَانٌ يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ تَبَارَكَ حَتَّىٰ خَتَمَهَا، فَأَتَىٰ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ إِنِّي ضَرَبْتُ خِبَائِي عَلَىٰ قَبْرٍ وَأَنَا لَا أَحْسَبُ أَنَّهُ قَبْرٌ، فَإِذَا فِيهِ إِنْسَانٌ يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ ٱلْمُلْكِ حَتَّىٰ خَتَمَهَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «هِيَ ٱلْمَانِعَةُ هِيَ ٱلْمُنْجِيَةُ تُنْجِيهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ» تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ يَحْيَى بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، وَرُوِيَ فِي فَضْلِ قِرَاءَةِ هَٰذِهِ ٱلسُّورَةِ حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ حَسَنُ ٱلْإِسْنَادِ
150. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār narrated to us: Ismāʿīl ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Abī ʾl-Shawārib narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn ʿAmr ibn Mālik al-Nukrī narrated to us, saying: I heard my father narrating on the authority of Abū ʾl-Jawzāʾ, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās – may Allah be pleased with them both – who said: One of the companions of the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – pitched his tent over a grave, not realizing that it was a grave, and suddenly there was a person inside it reciting
Sūrat Tabārak until he completed it. So he came to the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and said: “O Messenger of Allah, I pitched my tent over a grave, not realizing that it was a grave, and suddenly there was a person inside it reciting
Sūrat al-Mulk until he completed it.” The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
It is the defender, it is the deliverer; it delivers him from the punishment of the grave.” Yaḥyā ibn ʿAmr ibn Mālik was unique in narrating this, and he is
ḍaʿīf. Another hadith regarding the merit of reciting this chapter has been narrated with a
ḥasan chain of transmission.
[138]
١٥١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، ثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، أَنْبَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثَنَا يُوسُفُ ٱلْقَاضِي، ثَنَا عَمْرٌو، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عَبَّاسٍ ٱلْجُشَمِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «فِي ٱلْقُرْآنِ سُورَةٌ ثَلَاثُونَ ءَايَةً شَفَعَتْ لِصَاحِبِهَا حَتَّى غُفِرَ لَهُ ﴿تَبَٰرَكَ ٱلَّذِي بِيَدِهِ ٱلْمُلْكُ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾ [الملك: ١] » لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَرْزُوقٍ
151. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn Marzūq narrated to us: Wahb ibn Jarīr narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us; [alternatively] Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd informed us: Yūsuf al-Qāḍī narrated to us: ʿAmr narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of ʿAbbās al-Jushumī, on the authority of Abū Hurayra that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
There is a sūra in the Qurʾān containing thirty verses that intercedes for its companion until he is forgiven: [It is] ‘Blessed is He in whose hand is the dominion, and He has power over all things.’” This is the wording of the hadith of ʿAmr ibn Marzūq.
[139]
Notes
[137] The parallel chain al-Bayhaqī mentions is recorded in
al-Mustadrak ʿalā al-Ṣaḥīḥayn by al-Ḥākim al-Naysābūrī, no. 3839.
↩ [138] Recorded in
Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 2890. Graded
ḥasan gharīb by al-Tirmidhī.
↩ [139] Recorded in
Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 2891;
Sunan Abī Dāwūd, no. 1400;
Sunan ibn Mājah, no. 3786. Graded
ḥasan by al-Tirmidhī.
↩ بَابُ دُعَاءِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ بِعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ
26. On the Prophet’s ﷺ Supplication That the Polytheists Be Punished in the Grave
Chapter 34 of 40
١٦٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي ٱلْوَزِيرِ، ثَنَا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ ٱلرَّازِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، ثَنَا عَبِيدَةُ ٱلسَّلْمَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ ٱلْخَنْدَقِ، فَقَالَ: «مَلَأَ ٱللَّهُ بُيُوتَهُمْ وَقُبُورَهُمْ نَارًا كَمَا شَغَلُونَا عَنْ صَلَاةِ ٱلْوُسْطَىٰ حَتَّىٰ غَابَتِ ٱلشَّمْسُ» وَهِيَ صَلَاةُ ٱلْعَصْرِ رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ٱلْمُثَنَّىٰ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَبِي حَسَّانَ ٱلْأَعْرَجِ عَنْ عَبِيدَةَ
163. Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī ʾl-Wazīr informed us: Abū Ḥātim al-Rāzī narrated to us: Hishām ibn Ḥassān narrated to me: Muḥammad ibn Sīrīn narrated to us: ʿAbīda al-Salmānī narrated to us: ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib – may Allah be pleased with him – narrated to me, saying: “We were with the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – on the day of al-Khandaq, and he said:
‘May Allah fill their homes and their graves with fire, just as they kept us from the middle prayer until the sun had set.’” That is, the ʿAṣr prayer. Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Anṣārī; and narrated by Muslim through several routes on the authority of Hishām ibn Ḥassān; and transmitted by him from the ḥadīth of Qatāda, on the authority of Abū Ḥassān al-Aʿraj, on the authority of ʿAbīda.
[147]
١٦٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَنْبَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ شَوْذَبٍ ٱلْمِصْرِيُّ، بِوَاسِطَ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، ثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ ٱلْحَكَمِ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ ٱلْجَزَّارِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ أَنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَوْمَ ٱلْأَحْزَابِ قَاعِدًا عَلَى فُرْضَةٍ مِنْ فُرَضِ ٱلْخَنْدَقِ، فَقَالَ: «شَغَلُونَا عَنْ صَلَاةِ ٱلْوُسْطَىٰ حَتَّىٰ غَرَبَتِ ٱلشَّمْسُ، مَلَأَ ٱللَّهُ قُبُورَهُمْ وَبُيُوتَهُمْ نَارًا، أَوْ بُطُونَهُمْ»
164. Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad al-Rūdhabārī informed us: Abū Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar ibn Aḥmad ibn Shawdhab al-Miṣrī informed us in Wāsiṭ: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of Ayyūb: Wahb ibn Jarīr narrated to us on the authority of Shuʿba, on the authority of al-Ḥakam, on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn al-Jazzār, on the authority of ʿAlī – may Allah be pleased with him – that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – was sitting at one of the openings of the trench on the Day of the Confederates and said: “
They kept us from the middle prayer until the sun set; may Allah fill their graves and their houses with fire, or their bellies.”
[148]
١٦٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مَلَأَ ٱللَّهُ قُبُورَهُمْ وَبُيُوتَهُمْ نَارًا، أَوْ قُبُورَهُمْ وَبُطُونَهُمْ نَارًا» أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَكِيعٍ وَمُعَاذٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ
165. Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Fūrak informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar narrated to us: Yūnus ibn Ḥabīb narrated to us: Abū Dāwud narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us: and he mentioned it with his chain of transmission similarly, except that he said: “
May Allah fill their graves and their houses with fire, or their graves and their bellies with fire.” Transmitted by Muslim from the ḥadīth of Wakīʿ and Muʿādh, on the authority of Shuʿba.
[149]
١٦٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْعَلَوِيُّ إِمْلَاءً، أَنْبَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ الشَّرْقِيِّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَرَّاءُ، ثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَعْبِيُّ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ صُبَيْحٍ، عَنْ شُتَيْرِ بْنِ شَكَلٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْأَحْزَابِ: «شَغَلُونَا عَنِ ٱلصَّلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ مَلَأَ ٱللَّهُ بُيُوتَهُمْ وَقُبُورَهُمْ نَارًا» ثُمَّ صَلَّاهَا بَيْنَ الْعِشَائَيْنِ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَالْعِشَاءِ، لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ
166. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Dāwūd al-ʿAlawī narrated to us by dictation: Abū Ḥāmid ibn al-Sharqī informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Farrāʾ narrated to us: Ḥafṣ ibn ʿAbd Allāh narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn Ṭahmān narrated to me on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Ḍuḥā; [alternatively] Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Kaʿbī narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba informed us: Abū Muʿāwiya narrated to us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Muslim ibn Ṣubayḥ, on the authority of Shutayr ibn Shakal, on the authority of ʿAlī – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said on the Day of the Confederates: “
They kept us from the middle prayer, the ʿAṣr prayer; may Allah fill their houses and their graves with fire.” Then he prayed it between the two evening prayers, between al-Maghrib and al-ʿIshāʾ; this is the wording of the hadith of Abū Muʿāwiya.
[150]
١٦٧ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ٱبْنِ طَهْمَانَ قَالَ: شُغِلَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ ٱلْأَحْزَابِ عَنْ صَلَاةِ ٱلْعَصْرِ حَتَّىٰ صَلَّوْا بَيْنَ ٱلْمَغْرِبِ وَٱلْعِشَاءِ، فَقَالَ: «شَغَلُونَا عَنِ ٱلصَّلَاةِ ٱلْوُسْطَىٰ، صَلَاةِ ٱلْعَصْرِ، مَلَأَ ٱللَّهُ قُبُورَهُمْ وَبُيُوتَهُمْ نَارًا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ
167. And in the narration of ibn Ṭahmān, he said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – was preoccupied on the Day of the Confederates from the ʿAṣr prayer until they prayed between Maghrib and ʿIshāʾ, and he said: “They kept us from the middle prayer, the ʿAṣr prayer; may Allah fill their graves and their houses with fire.” Narrated by Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba and others.
١٦٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، أَنْبَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثَنَا عَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ يُونُسَ، نَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ ذَرٍّ قَالَ: قُلْنَا لِعُبَيْدَةَ: سَلْ عَلِيًّا ﵁ عَنْ صَلَاةِ ٱلْوُسْطَى، فَسَأَلَهُ، فَقَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ ٱلْأَحْزَابِ: «شَغَلُونَا عَنْ صَلَاةِ ٱلْوُسْطَى صَلَاةِ ٱلْعَصْرِ، مَلَأَ ٱللَّهُ بُيُوتَهُمْ وَقُبُورَهُمْ نَارًا»
168. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār informed us: ʿAbbās ibn al-Faḍl narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūnus narrated to us: Abū Bakr ibn ʿAyyāsh informed us on the authority of ʿĀṣim, on the authority of Dharr, who said: We said to ʿUbayda, “Ask ʿAlī – may Allah be pleased with him – about the middle prayer.” So he asked him, and he said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said on the Day of the Confederates: “They kept us from the middle prayer, the ʿAṣr prayer; may Allah fill their houses and their graves with fire.”
١٦٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا ٱلْقَاضِي أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ جُنَاحُ بْنُ نَذِيرِ بْنِ جُنَاحٍ ٱلْمُحَارِبِيُّ بِٱلْكُوفَةِ، أَنْبَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ دُحَيْمٍ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَازِمِ بْنِ أَبِي غَرَزَةَ، أَنْبَا ٱلْفَضْلُ بْنُ دُكَيْنٍ، وَعَوْنُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ قَالَا: ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ زُبَيْدٍ ٱلْيَامِيِّ، عَنْ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ يَوْمَ ٱلْخَنْدَقِ: «شَغَلُونَا عَنْ صَلَاةِ ٱلْوُسْطَى صَلَاةِ ٱلْعَصْرِ، مَلَأَ ٱللَّهُ أَجْوَافَهُمْ وَقُبُورَهُمْ نَارًا» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ ٱلْحَجَّاجِ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ سَلَّامٍ
169. al-Qāḍī Abū Muḥammad Junāḥ ibn Nadhīr ibn Junāḥ al-Muḥāribī informed us in al-Kūfa: Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Duḥaym informed us: Aḥmad ibn Ḥāzim ibn Abī Gharaza narrated to us: al-Faḍl ibn Dukayn and ʿAwn ibn Sallām informed us: Muḥammad ibn Ṭalḥa narrated to us on the authority of Zubayd al-Yāmī, on the authority of Murra, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd, who said: I heard the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say on the day of al-Khandaq: “They kept us from the middle prayer, the ʿAṣr prayer; may Allah fill their bellies and their graves with fire.” Narrated by Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of ʿAwn ibn Sallām.
١٧٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ ٱلصَّفَّارُ، أَنبأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ٱلْفَضْلِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ ٱلسَّقَطِيُّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلْجَبَّارِ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، ثَنَا عُبَيْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ٱلرَّقِّيُّ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ زِرٍّ، عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ يَوْمَ ٱلْخَنْدَقِ: «شَغَلُونَا عَنْ صَلَاةِ ٱلْعَصْرِ، فَلَمْ يُصَلِّهَا يَوْمَئِذٍ حَتَّىٰ غَابَتِ ٱلشَّمْسُ، مَلأَ ٱللَّهُ بُيُوتَهُمْ وَقُبُورَهُمْ نَارًا»
170. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār informed us: Muḥammad ibn al-Faḍl ibn Jābir al-Saqaṭī informed us: ʿAbd al-Jabbār ibn ʿĀṣim narrated to us: ʿUbayd Allāh ibn ʿAmr al-Raqqī narrated to us on the authority of Zayd ibn Abī Unaysa, on the authority of ʿAdī ibn Thābit, on the authority of Zirr, on the authority of Ḥudhayfa: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say on the day of al-Khandaq: “They kept us from the ʿAṣr prayer, and he did not pray it that day until the sun had set; may Allah fill their houses and their graves with fire.”
١٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ ٱلْغَضَائِرِيُّ، بِبَغْدَادَ، ثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ ٱلسَّمَّاكِ، ثَنَا حَامِدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ ٱلثَّغْرِيُّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثَنَا عُبَيْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: شَغَلَ ٱلْمُشْرِكُونَ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنْ صَلَاةِ ٱلْعَصْرِ يَوْمَ ٱلْخَنْدَقِ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّهَا حَتَّىٰ غَابَتِ ٱلشَّمْسُ، فَقَالَ: «شَغَلُونَا عَنْ صَلَاةِ ٱلْعَصْرِ، مَلَأَ ٱللَّهُ قُبُورَهُمْ وَبُيُوتَهُمْ نَارًا»
171. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Ḥasan al-Ghaḍāʾirī informed us, in Baghdad: ʿUthmān ibn Aḥmad ibn al-Sammāk narrated to us: Ḥāmid ibn Sahl al-Thaghrī narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar narrated to us: ʿUbayd Allāh ibn ʿAmr narrated to us and he mentioned it with his chain of transmission: The polytheists preoccupied the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – from the ʿAṣr prayer on the day of al-Khandaq, so he did not pray it until the sun had set, and he said: “They kept us from the ʿAṣr prayer; may Allah fill their graves and their houses with fire.”
١٧٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو ٱلطَّيِّبِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلشَّعِيرِيُّ، ثَنَا مَحْمَشُ بْنُ عِصَامٍ، ثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَاتَلَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ حَتَّى فَاتَتْهُمُ ٱلصَّلَاةُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «شَغَلُونَا عَنْ صَلَاةِ ٱلْوُسْطَى صَلَاةِ ٱلْعَصْرِ مَلَأَ ٱللَّهُ قُبُورَهُمْ وَأَجْوَافَهُمْ نَارًا»
172. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-Ṭayyib Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Shaʿīrī informed us: Maḥmash ibn ʿIṣām narrated to us: Ḥafṣ ibn ʿAbd Allāh narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn Ṭahmān narrated to me on the authority of Muslim, on the authority of Mujāhid, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – fought the polytheists until they missed the prayer, and the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “They distracted us from the middle prayer, the ʿAṣr prayer; may Allah fill their graves and their bellies with fire.”
Notes
[147] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 2931, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 627.
↩ [148] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 627.
↩ [149] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 627.
↩ [150] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 2931, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 627.
↩ بَابُ ٱسْتِعَاذَةِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ وَأَمْرِهِ بِهَا
27. On the Prophet's ﷺ Seeking Refuge from the Punishment of the Grave and His Command to Do So
Chapter 35 of 40
١٧٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ، ثَنَا جَدِّي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ٱلْقَاضِي، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثَنَا هَنَّادُ بْنُ ٱلسَّرِيِّ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ أَبِي ٱلشَّعْثَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ: دَخَلَتْ يَهُودِيَّةٌ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ ﵂، فَقَالَتْ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَذْكُرُ شَيْئًا فِي عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂: لَا، وَمَا عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ؟ قَالَتْ: فَسَلِيهِ، فَجَاءَ ٱلنَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ ﵂ عَنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ حَقٌّ» فَمَا صَلَّى بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ صَلَاةً إِلَّا سَمِعْتُهُ يَتَعَوَّذُ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ هَنَّادِ بْنِ ٱلسَّرِيِّ.
173. Abū Ṣāliḥ ibn Abī Ṭāhir informed us: my grandfather Yaḥyā ibn Manṣūr al-Qāḍī narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn Salama narrated to us: Hannād ibn al-Sariyy narrated to us: Abū ʾl-Aḥwaṣ narrated to us on the authority of Ashʿath ibn Abī al-Shaʿthāʾ, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Masrūq, who said: A Jewish woman entered upon ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – and said, “I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – mentioning something regarding the punishment of the grave.” ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – said, “No, and what is the punishment of the grave?” The woman replied, “Ask him.” Then the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – arrived, and ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – asked him about the punishment of the grave, and the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said, “
The punishment of the grave is a reality.” Thereafter, he never performed a prayer but that I heard him seek refuge from the punishment of the grave. Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Hannād ibn al-Sariyy.
[151]
١٧٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، وَحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَجَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالُوا: ثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَنبأَ جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: دَخَلَتْ عَجُوزَانِ مِنْ عَجَائِزِ يَهُودِ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَالَتَا: إِنَّ أَهْلَ ٱلْقُبُورِ يُعَذَّبُونَ فِي قُبُورِهِمْ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ، إِنَّ عَجُوزَيْنِ دَخَلَتَا عَلَيَّ فَزَعَمَتَا أَنَّ أَهْلَ ٱلْقُبُورِ يُعَذَّبُونَ فِي قُبُورِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: «صَدَقَتَا إِنَّهُمْ يُعَذَّبُونَ فِي قُبُورِهِمْ عَذَابًا يَسْمَعُهُ ٱلْبَهَائِمُ» فَمَا رَأَيْتُهُ بَعْدُ فِي صَلَاةٍ إِلَّا تَعَوَّذَ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَغَيْرِهِ
174. Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb informed us: Aḥmad ibn Salama, Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad, and Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad narrated to us: Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm narrated to us: Jarīr informed us on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Abū Wāʾil, on the authority of Masrūq, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – who said: “Two old women from the elderly Jewish women of Madīna entered, and they said: ‘Indeed, the inhabitants of the graves are being punished in their graves.’ Then the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – entered upon me, and I said:
‘O Messenger of Allah, two old women entered upon me and claimed that the inhabitants of the graves are being punished in their graves.’
He said: ‘
They have spoken the truth; indeed, they are punished in their graves with a punishment that the animals can hear.’ Thereafter, I never saw him in a prayer except that he sought refuge from the punishment of the grave.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of ʿUthmān ibn Abī Shayba, on the authority of Jarīr; and narrated by Muslim on the authority of Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm and others.
[152]
١٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ، أَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ يَعْنِي: ٱبْنَ أَبِي ٱلشَّعْثَاءِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ: جَاءَتْ يَهُودِيَّةٌ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ ﵂ تَسْأَلُهَا فَقَالَتْ لِعَائِشَةَ ﵂: أَعَاذَكِ ٱللَّهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، فَجَاءَ ٱلنَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ حَقٌّ» قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂: فَمَا سَمِعْتُهُ يُصَلِّي بَعْدُ صَلَاةً إِلَّا وَتَعَوَّذَ فِيهَا مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ
175. Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Fūrak informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar informed us: Yūnus ibn Ḥabīb narrated to us: Abū Dāwūd narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of Ashʿath, meaning ibn Abī al-Shaʿthāʾ, who said: I heard my father narrating on the authority of Masrūq, who said: A Jewish woman came to ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – to ask her something, and she said to ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her: “May Allah protect you from the punishment of the grave.” Then the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – arrived, and ʿĀʾisha asked him about it, and the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
The punishment of the grave is a reality.” ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – said: “Thereafter, I never heard him perform a prayer except that he sought refuge in it from the punishment of the grave.”
[153]
١٧٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَمْدَانَ ٱلصَّيْرَفِيُّ بِمَرْوَ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْمُوَجِّهِ، ثَنَا عَبْدَانُ، أَنْبَا أَبِي، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ ٱلْأَشْعَثَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂، أَنَّ يَهُودِيَّةً دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهَا فَذَكَرَتْ عَذَابَ ٱلْقَبْرِ، قَالَتْ لَهَا: أَعَاذَكِ ٱللَّهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، فَسَأَلَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ، عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ حَقٌّ» قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂: فَمَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدُ صَلَّى صَلَاةً إِلَّا تَعَوَّذَ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدَانَ.
176. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Bakr ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥamdān al-Ṣayrafī in Marw narrated to me: Abū ʾl-Muwajjih narrated to us: ʿAbdān narrated to us: my father informed us on the authority of Shuʿba, on the authority of al-Ashʿath, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Masrūq, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – that a Jewish woman visited her and mentioned the punishment of the grave. She said to her, “May Allah protect you from the punishment of the grave.” ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – then asked the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – about the punishment of the grave, and he said: “
Yes, the punishment of the grave is a reality.” ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – said: “After that, I never saw the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – perform a prayer without seeking refuge from the punishment of the grave.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of ʿAbdān.
[154]
١٧٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ الْمُقْرِئُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أَنْبَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ النَّجَّادُ، ثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ، ثَنَا مَالِكٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂، أَنَّ يَهُودِيَّةً جَاءَتْ تَسْأَلُهَا فَقَالَتْ لَهَا: أَعَاذَكِ ٱللَّهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، فَسَأَلَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: أَيُعَذَّبُ ٱلنَّاسُ فِي قُبُورِهِمْ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ عَائِذًا مِنْ ذَٰلِكَ ثُمَّ رَكِبَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ غَدَاةٍ مَرْكَبًا، فَخَسَفَتِ ٱلشَّمْسُ فَذَكَرَ ٱلْحَدِيثَ فِي صَلَاةِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ: ثُمَّ ٱنْصَرَفَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّهُ أَنْ يَقُولَ ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَسْتَعِيذُوا مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ. رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنِ ٱلْقَعْنَبِيِّ.
177. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUmar ibn Ḥafṣ al-Muqriʾ in Baghdad informed us: Aḥmad ibn Salmān al-Najjād informed us: Isḥāq ibn al-Ḥasan narrated to us on the authority of al-Qaʿnabī: Mālik narrated to us on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd, on the authority of ʿAmra bint ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – that a Jewish woman came to ask her a question and said to her: “May Allah protect you from the punishment of the grave.” So ʿĀʾisha asked the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – “Are people punished in their graves?” The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – [replied by] seeking refuge [with Allah] from that. Then one morning, the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – mounted a riding beast, and the sun eclipsed, and he [the narrator] mentioned the [rest of the] hadith regarding the prayer of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace. She [‘ʿĀʾisha] said: Then he finished, and the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said what Allah willed him to say, then he commanded them to seek refuge from the punishment of the grave. Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of al-Qaʿnabī.
[155]
١٧٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْوَهَّابِ ٱلْعَبْدِيُّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، ثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ، أَنَّ يَهُودِيَّةً أَتَتْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ تَسْأَلُهَا، فَقَالَتْ: أَعَاذَكِ ٱللَّهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ﵂، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ أَيُعَذَّبُ ٱلنَّاسُ فِي ٱلْقُبُورِ؟ قَالَتْ عَمْرَةُ: فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «عَائِذًا بِٱللَّهِ» ثُمَّ رَكِبَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ غَدَاةٍ مَرْكَبًا، فَخَسَفَتِ ٱلشَّمْسُ، فَذَكَرَ ٱلْحَدِيثَ فِي صَلَاةِ ٱلْخُسُوفِ فَقَالَتْ: فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُكُمْ تُفْتَنُونَ فِي قُبُورِكُمْ كَفِتْنَةِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ» قَالَتْ عَمْرَةُ: فَسَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ تَقُولُ: فَكُنْتُ أَسْمَعُ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ يَتَعَوَّذُ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلنَّارِ وَعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ ٱلْقَعْنَبِيِّ
178. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-ʿAbdī narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Maslama narrated to us: Sulaymān ibn Bilāl narrated to us on the authority of Yaḥyā, on the authority of ʿAmra, that a Jewish woman came to ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – to ask her something, and she said, “May Allah protect you from the punishment of the grave.” So ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – said, “And I said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, are people punished in the graves?’” ʿAmra said: So ʿĀʾisha said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said, “
[I seek] refuge in Allah!” Then the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – mounted a riding beast one morning, and the sun eclipsed. So he [the narrator] mentioned the hadith regarding the eclipse prayer. And she [ʿĀʾisha] said: So he said, “
Indeed, I have seen that you are tried in your graves like the trial of the False Messiah.” ʿAmra said: So I heard ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – say, “And I used to hear the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – after that, seeking refuge from the punishment of the Fire and the punishment of the grave.” Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Maslama al-Qaʿnabī.
[156]
١٧٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْمُزَكِّي فِيمَا قَرَأْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِبُخَارَى، أَنْبَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْيَمَانِ، أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ ٱلزُّهْرِيِّ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ ٱلزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَدْعُو فِي ٱلصَّلَاةِ: «ٱللَّهُمَّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْمَسِيحِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ٱلْمَأْثَمِ وَٱلْمَغْرَمِ» قَالَتْ: فَقَالَ لَهُ قَائِلٌ: مَا أَكْثَرُ مَا تَسْتَعِيذُ مِنَ ٱلْمَغْرَمِ يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ ٱلرَّجُلَ إِذَا غَرِمَ حَدَّثَ فَكَذَبَ، وَوَعَدَ فَأَخْلَفَ» رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي ٱلْيَمَانِ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي ٱلْيَمَانِ، وَرَوَاهُ فِي ٱلِاسْتِعَاذَةِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ جَمَاعَةٌ عَنِ ٱلزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ
179. Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh informed us: Abū Muḥammad Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Muzakkī informed me in what I read to him in Bukhārā: ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā informed us: Abū ʾl-Yamān narrated to us: Shuʿayb informed me on the authority of al-Zuhrī: ʿUrwa ibn al-Zubayr informed me that ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – the wife of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – informed him that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – used to supplicate during the prayer: “
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, I seek refuge in You from the trial of the False Messiah, and I seek refuge in You from sin and debt.” She said: A questioner said to him, “How often it is that you seek refuge from debt, O Messenger of Allah!” He said: “
Indeed, when a man becomes indebted, he speaks and lies, and he promises and breaks his promise.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū ʾl-Yamān, and narrated by Muslim on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Yamān, and a group narrated it under [the topic of] seeking refuge from the punishment of the grave on the authority of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of ʿUrwa, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha.
[157]
١٨٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّٰهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ بِبَغْدَادَ، أَنبأَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلصَّفَّارُ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ٱلرَّمَادِيُّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلرَّزَّاقِ، أَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ أَنَّ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «ٱللَّٰهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلنَّارِ، وَعَذَابِ ٱلنَّارِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، وَعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْفَقْرِ وَمِنْ شَرِّ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْغِنَى، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْمَسِيحِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ، ٱللَّٰهُمَّ نَقِّ قَلْبِي مِنْ خَطِيئَتِي كَمَا نَقَّيْتَ ٱلثَّوْبَ ٱلْأَبْيَضَ مِنَ ٱلدَّنَسِ، وَبَاعِدْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ خَطِيئَتِي كَمَا بَاعَدْتَ بَيْنَ ٱلْمَشْرِقِ وَٱلْمَغْرِبِ، ٱللَّٰهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ٱلْكَسَلِ وَٱلْهَرَمِ وَٱلْمَغْرَمِ وَٱلْمَأْثَمِ» مُخَرَّجٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ كَثِيرَةٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ
180. Abū ʾl-Ḥuṣayn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bishrān in Baghdad informed us: Ismāʿīl ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣaffār informed us: Aḥmad ibn Manṣūr al-Ramādī narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated to us: Maʿmar informed us on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – used to say: “
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the trial of the Fire and the punishment of the Fire, and I seek refuge in You from the trial of the grave and the punishment of the grave, and I seek refuge in You from the evil of the trial of poverty and from the evil of the trial of wealth, and I seek refuge in You from the trial of the False Messiah. O Allah, purify my heart from my sin just as You purify the white garment from filth, and distance me from my sin just as You have distanced the east from the west. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from laziness, senility, debt, and sin.” Transmitted in the two
Ṣaḥīḥs through many routes on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa.
[158]
١٨١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثَنَا قُدَامَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، عَنْ عَمْرَةَ قَالَتْ: حَدَّثَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ قَالَتْ: فَمَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَّى صَلَاةً إِلَّا قَالَ فِي دُبُرِهَا: «ٱللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ جِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَٰٓئِيلَ وَإِسْرَافِيلَ أَعِذْنِي مِن حَرِّ ٱلنَّارِ وَعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
181. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb informed us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: Yaʿlā ibn ʿUbayd narrated to us: Qudāma ibn ʿAbd Allāh narrated to us on the authority of ʿAmra who said: ʿĀʾisha narrated to me, saying: I never saw the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – perform a prayer except that he would say after it: “
O Allah, Lord of Jibrīl, Mīkāʾīl, and Isrāfīl, protect me from the heat of the Fire and the punishment of the grave.”
[159]١٨٢ - وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ٱلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ ٱلْعَلَوِيُّ ﵀، إِمْلَاءً وَقِرَاءَةً، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ ٱلشَّرْقِيِّ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ طَهْمَانَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ٱلثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي حَسَّانَ فُلَيْتٍ ٱلْعَامِرِيِّ، عَنْ جَسْرَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «ٱللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ جِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَائِيلَ وَإِسْرَافِيلَ، أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلنَّارِ وَعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
182. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Dāwūd al-ʿAlawī – may Allah have mercy on him – narrated to us, by dictation and reading: Abū Ḥāmid ibn al-Sharqī informed us: Aḥmad ibn Ḥafṣ ibn ʿAbd Allāh narrated to us: my father narrated to me: Ibrāhīm ibn Ṭahmān narrated to me on the authority of Sufyān al-Thawrī, on the authority of Abū Ḥassān Fulayt al-ʿĀmirī, on the authority of Jasrah, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
O Allah, Lord of Jibrīl, Mīkāʾīl, and Isrāfīl, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the Fire and the punishment of the grave.”
[160]
١٨٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا هَاشِمُ بْنُ ٱلْقَاسِمِ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱلْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِٱلْخَمْسِ، وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِهِنَّ: «ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ٱلْبُخْلِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ٱلْجُبْنِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ أَنْ أُرَدَّ إِلَىٰ أَرْذَلِ ٱلْعُمُرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ» رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ آدَمَ بْنِ أَبِي إِيَاسَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ
183. Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Hāshim ibn al-Qāsim narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr, on the authority of Muṣʿab ibn Saʿd, on the authority of his father that he used to enjoin five things, saying: Indeed, the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – used to enjoin them:
“O Allah, I seek refuge in You from miserliness, I seek refuge in You from cowardice, I seek refuge in You from being returned to the decrepitude of old age,
I seek refuge in You from the trial of the world, and I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Ādam ibn Abī Iyās, on the authority of Shuʿba.
[161]
١٨٤ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنْبَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَنْبَا أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، ثَنَى سَهْلُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، ثَنَى أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱلْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ مَيْمُونٍ ٱلْأَوْدِيَّ قَالَ: كَانَ سَعْدٌ يُعَلِّمُ بَنِيهِ هَٰؤُلَاءِ ٱلْكَلِمَاتِ كَمَا يُعَلِّمُ ٱلْمُعَلِّمُ ٱلْغِلْمَانَ، وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَتَعَوَّذُ بِهِنَّ دُبُرَ ٱلصَّلَاةِ: «ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ٱلْجُبْنِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ أَنْ أُرَدَّ إِلَىٰ أَرْذَلِ ٱلْعُمُرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ» فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهِ مُصْعَبًا فَصَدَّقَهُ، رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ.
184. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Isḥāq informed us: Abū Muslim informed us: Sahl ibn Bakkār narrated to us: Abū ʿAwāna narrated to us on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr: I heard ʿAmr ibn Maymūn al-Awdī say: Saʿd used to teach his sons these words just as a teacher teaches young boys, saying: “The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – used to seek refuge with them after the prayer: ‘
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from cowardice, I seek refuge in You from being returned to the decrepitude of old age, I seek refuge in You from the trials of the world, and I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave.’” I related this to Muṣʿab, and he confirmed it. Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Mūsā ibn Ismāʿīl, on the authority of Abū ʿAwāna.
[162]
١٨٥ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْبَزَّازُ بِبَغْدَادَ فِي الْكَرْخِ، مِنْ أَصْلِ كِتَابِهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْفَاكِهِيُّ بِمَكَّةَ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي مَيْسَرَّةَ، ثَنَا خَلَّادُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ صَفْوَانَ الْكُوفِيُّ بِمَكَّةَ، ثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ ٱلْأَوْدِيِّ، عَنْ أَمِيرِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرَ بْنِ ٱلْخَطَّابِ ﵁ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ فَوْقَ ٱلْمِنْبَرِ وَهُوَ يَتَعَوَّذُ مِنْ خَمْسٍ: «ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ٱلْجُبْنِ وَٱلْبُخْلِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ سُوءِ ٱلْعُمُرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلصَّدْرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ» وَكَذَٰلِكَ رَوَاهُ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ
185. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Isḥāq al-Bazzāz informed us in al-Karkh, Baghdād, from the original of his book: Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Fākihī informed us in Makkah: Yaḥyā ibn Abī Maysarra narrated to us: Khallād ibn Yaḥyā ibn Ṣafwān al-Kūfī narrated to us in Makkah: Yūnus ibn Abī Isḥāq narrated to us on the authority of Abū Isḥāq, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Maymūn al-Awdī, on the authority of the Commander of the Faithful ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – atop the pulpit seeking refuge from five things: “
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from cowardice and miserliness, I seek refuge in You from the wretchedness of old age, I seek refuge in You from the trials of the chest, and I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave.” And thus it was narrated by Isrāʾīl on the authority of Abū Isḥāq.
[163]
١٨٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، إِمْلَاءً، أَنْبَا ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ ٱلْفَضْلِ ٱلْأُسْفَاطِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ٱلْجُعْفِيُّ، عَنْ زَائِدَةَ، عَنِ ٱلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ ٱللَّهِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، يَعْنِي ٱبْنَ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَمْسَى قَالَ: «أَمْسَيْنَا وَأَمْسَى ٱلْمُلْكُ لِلَّهِ وَٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ خَيْرِ هَٰذِهِ ٱللَّيْلَةِ وَخَيْرِ مَا فِيهَا وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا وَشَرِّ مَا فِيهَا، ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ٱلْكَسَلِ وَٱلْهَرَمِ وَسُوءِ ٱلْكِبَرِ، وَفِتْنَةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا وَعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ» قَالَ ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ ٱللَّهِ: وَزَادَنِي فِيهِ زُبَيْدٌ: عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ رَفَعَهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ ٱلْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ ٱلْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ
186. Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Abī Isḥāq narrated to us, by dictation: al-ʿAbbās ibn al-Faḍl al-Usfāṭī informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba narrated to us: Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī al-Juʿfī narrated to us on the authority of Zāʾida, on the authority of al-Ḥasan ibn ʿUbayd Allah, on the authority of Ibrāhīm ibn Suwayd, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Yazīd, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh – meaning ibn Masʿūd – who said: When the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – reached the evening, he would say: “
We have reached the evening, and the dominion belongs to Allah, and praise be to Allah. There is no deity but Allah, alone, with no partner. O Allah, I ask You for the good of this night and the good of what is in it, and I seek refuge in You from its evil and the evil of what is in it. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from laziness, decrepitude, and the wretchedness of old age,
the trial of the world, and the punishment of the grave.” Al-Ḥasan ibn ʿUbayd Allah said: Zubayd added for me [in the narration], on the authority of Ibrāhīm ibn Suwayd, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Yazīd, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh, in a
marfūʿ report, that he said: “
There is no deity but Allah, alone, with no partner. To Him belongs the dominion, and to Him belongs the praise, and He has power over all things.” Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba.
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١٨٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ جُنَاحُ بْنُ نَذِيرِ بْنِ جُنَاحٍ ٱلْمُحَارِبِيُّ بِٱلْكُوفَةِ، أَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ دُحَيْمٍ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، أَنبَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَٱللَّفْظُ لَهُ، أَنبَا ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ٱلْعَدْلُ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْوَهَّابِ، أَنَا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، أَنبَا مِسْعَرٌ، حَدَّثَنِي عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنِ ٱلْمُغِيرَةِ ٱلْيَشْكُرِيِّ، عَنِ ٱلْمَعْرُورِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: قَالَتْ أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ: ٱللَّهُمَّ أَمْتِعْنِي بِزَوْجِي رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ وَبِأَبِي أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَبِأَخِي مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّكِ دَعَوْتِ ٱللَّهَ لِآجَالٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ وَأَرْزَاقٍ مَقْسُومَةٍ وَآثَارٍ مَبْلُوغَةٍ، لَا يُعَجَّلُ شَيْءٌ مِنْهَا قَبْلَ حِلِّهَا وَلَا يُؤَخَّرُ شَيْءٌ مِنْهَا بَعْدَ حِلِّهَا، فَلَوْ دَعَوْتِ ٱللَّهَ ﷿ أَنْ يُعَافِيَكِ وَسَأَلْتِ ٱللَّهَ أَنْ يُعِيذَكِ مِنْ عَذَابٍ فِي ٱلنَّارِ أَوْ عَذَابٍ فِي ٱلْقَبْرِ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا، أَوْ لَكَانَ أَفْضَلَ» وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ سُفْيَانُ ٱلثَّوْرِيُّ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مِسْعَرٍ وَسُفْيَانَ
187. Abū Muḥammad Junāḥ ibn Nadhīr ibn Junāḥ al-Muḥāribī informed us in Kufa: Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Duḥaym informed us: Aḥmad ibn Ḥāzim narrated to us: Jaʿfar ibn ʿAwn informed us; [alternatively] Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us, and the wording is his: al-Ḥasan ibn Yaʿqūb al-ʿAdl informed us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb narrated to us: Jaʿfar ibn ʿAwn informed us: Misʿar informed us: ʿAlqama ibn Marthad narrated to me on the authority of al-Mughīra al-Yashkurī, on the authority of al-Maʿrūr ibn Suwayd, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd, who said: Umm Ḥabība bint Abī Sufyān said: “
O Allah, grant me enjoyment of my husband, the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and of my father, Abū Sufyān, and of my brother, Muʿāwiya.” Thereupon the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said to her: “
You have supplicated Allah for lifespans already determined, provisions already apportioned, and footsteps already reached. Nothing of them will be hastened before its due time, nor will anything of them be delayed after its due time. Had you supplicated Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – to grant you well-being, and asked Allah to protect you from punishment in the Fire or punishment in the grave, it would have been better, or it would have been more excellent.” And thus it was narrated by Sufyān al-Thawrī on the authority of ʿAlqama ibn Marthad, and Muslim transmitted it in his
Ṣaḥīḥ from the hadith of Misʿar and Sufyān.
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١٨٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو نَضْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ ٱلْفَقِيهُ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، ثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ ٱلدَّقَّاقُ بِبَغْدَادَ، أَنْبَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ ٱلْبَزَّازُ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْبَصْرِيُّ، ثَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، ثَنَا هِشَامٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَدْعُو: «ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ وَعَذَابِ ٱلنَّارِ وَفِتْنَةِ ٱلْمَحْيَا وَٱلْمَمَاتِ وَمِنْ شَرِّ ٱلْمَسِيحِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ» رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَرَوَاهُ ٱبْنُ ٱلْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى عَنِ ٱبْنِ أَبِي عُدَيٍّ عَنْ هِشَامٍ ٱلدَّسْتُوَائِيِّ
188. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Naḍr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf al-Faqīh informed me: Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb narrated to us: Muslim ibn Ibrāhīm narrated to us; [alternatively]: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī Ṭāhir al-Daqqāq in Baghdād informed us: Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Ayyūb al-Bazzāz informed us: Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Baṣrī narrated to us: Muslim narrated to us: Hishām narrated to us on the authority of Yaḥyā, on the authority of Abū Salama, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – used to supplicate: “
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, the punishment of the Fire, the trials of life and death, and from the evil of the False Messiah.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Muslim ibn Ibrāhīm, and narrated by ibn al-Ḥajjāj on the authority of Abū Mūsā, on the authority of ibn Abī ʿUday, on the authority of Hishām al-Dastuwāʾī.
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١٨٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنْبَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلْفَقِيهُ، أَنْبَا بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ثَنَا ٱلْحُمَيْدِيُّ، ثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ٱلْمُقْرِئُ، أَنْبَا ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، ثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ثَنَا عَمْرٌو، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَأَبِي ٱلزِّنَادِ، عَنِ ٱلْأَعْرَجِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، يَبْلُغُ بِهِ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «عُوذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ عَذَابِ ٱللَّهِ، عُوذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، عُوذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْمَحْيَا وَٱلْمَمَاتِ، عُوذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْمَسِيحِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ» لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ ٱلْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، وَقَالَ فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرٍو: قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ، وَفِي حَدِيثٍ غَيْرِهِ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ
189. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Isḥāq al-Faqīh informed us: Bishr ibn Mūsā informed us: al-Ḥumaydī narrated to us: Sufyān narrated to us; [alternatively] Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Muqriʾ informed us: al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq informed us: Yūsuf ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn Bashshār narrated to us: Sufyān narrated to us: ʿAmr narrated to us on the authority of Ṭāwūs, on the authority of Abū Hurayra and [also from] Abū ʾl-Zinād, on the authority of al-Aʿraj, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, tracing it back to the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – he said: “
Seek refuge in Allah from the trial of the punishment of Allah, seek refuge in Allah from the trial of the punishment of the grave, seek refuge in Allah from the trial of life and death, seek refuge in Allah from the trial of the False Messiah.” This is the wording of the hadith of Ibrāhīm ibn Bashshār. Narrated by Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿAbbād, on the authority of Sufyān. In the narration of ʿAmr, the wording is: “The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said…”, whereas in the narration of others, it is phrased as: “on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace.”
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١٩٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ ٱلسُّوسِيُّ قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَنْبَا ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ ٱلْوَلِيدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، أَنَا أَبِي وَعُقْبَةُ بْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ قَالَا: ثَنَا ٱلْأَوْزَاعِيُّ، ثَنَا حَسَّانُ بْنُ عَطِيَّةَ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا فَرَغَ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنَ ٱلتَّشَهُّدِ فَلْيَتَعَوَّذْ بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ أَرْبَعٍ، مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ وَعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ وَفِتْنَةِ ٱلْمَحْيَا وَٱلْمَمَاتِ وَمِنْ شَرِّ ٱلْمَسِيحِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ عَنِ ٱلْأَوْزَاعِيِّ
190. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū ʿAbd Allāh Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf al-Sūsī informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-ʿAbbās ibn al-Walīd ibn Yazīd informed us: my father and ʿUqba ibn ʿAlqama informed us: al-Awzāʿī narrated to us: Ḥassān ibn ʿAṭiyya narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Abī Shayba narrated to me: I heard Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – saying: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
When any of you finishes the tashahhud, let him seek refuge with Allah from four things: from the punishment of Hell, the punishment of the grave, the trial of life and death, and from the evil of the False Messiah.” Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ through several routes on the authority of al-Awzāʿī.
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١٩١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ حَسَنٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَا: ثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثَنَا ٱبْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَسْتَعِيذُ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ وَغَيْرِهِ
191. Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh informed us: Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Ḥusayn ibn Ḥasan and Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl narrated to us: Hārūn ibn Saʿīd narrated to us: Ibn Wahb narrated to us: Yūnus ibn Yazīd informed me on the authority of ibn Shihāb, on the authority of Ḥumayd ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAwf, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – seeking refuge from the punishment of the grave. Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Hārūn ibn Saʿīd and others.
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١٩٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْوَارِثِ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، ثَنَا بُدَيْلُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَتَعَوَّذُ بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ وَعَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ وَفِتْنَةِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ، أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ٱلْمُثَنَّى عَنْ غُنْدَرٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا أَبُو صَالِحٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي ٱلِاسْتِعَاذَةِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ
192. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn Marzūq narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Ṣamad ibn ʿAbd al-Wārith narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us: Budayl ibn Maysara narrated to us on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shaqīq, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – used to seek refuge in Allah from the punishment of the grave, the punishment of Hell, and the trial of the False Messiah. Transmitted by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā, on the authority of Ghundar, on the authority of Shuʿba; and it was also narrated by Abū Ṣāliḥ and Muḥammad ibn Ziyād on the authority of Abū Hurayra, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – regarding seeking refuge from the punishment of the grave.
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١٩٣ - أَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَبِي صَالِحٍ: فَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، نَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُوسَى ٱلْقَطَّانُ، نَا عَبْدُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنُ مَغْرَاءَ ٱلدَّوْسِيُّ، ثَنَا ٱلْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «تَعَوَّذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ جَهَنَّمَ، تَعَوَّذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، تَعَوَّذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنَ ٱلْمَسِيحِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ، تَعَوَّذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْمَحْيَا وَٱلْمَمَاتِ»
193. As for the hadith of Abū Ṣāliḥ, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: Yūsuf ibn Mūsā al-Qaṭṭān narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Maghrāʾ al-Dawsī narrated to us: al-Aʿmash narrated to us on the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Seek refuge with Allah from Hellfire, seek refuge with Allah from the punishment of the grave, seek refuge with Allah from the False Messiah, and seek refuge with Allah from the trial of life and death.”
[171]
١٩٤ - وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ: فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْخَيْرِ جَامِعُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْوَكِيلُ، أَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْمُحَمَّدَ أَبَاذِيُّ، ثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ثَنَا حَمَّادٌ وَهُوَ ابْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَتَعَوَّذُ بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ شَرِّ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ وَمِنْ شَرِّ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ.
194. As for the hadith of Muḥammad ibn Ziyād, Abū ʾl-Khayr Jāmiʿ ibn Aḥmad al-Wakīl informed us of it: Abū Ṭāhir Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Muḥammadābādhī informed us: ʿUthmān ibn Saʿīd al-Dārimī narrated to us: Mūsā ibn Ismāʿīl narrated to us: Ḥammād – and he is ibn Salama – narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Ziyād narrated to us on the authority of Abū Hurayra, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – that he used to seek refuge with Allah from the evil of life and death, the punishment of the grave, and from the evil of the False Messiah.
[172]
١٩٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ بَالَوَيْهِ ٱلْمُزَكِّي، نَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ ٱلْمَعْقِلِيُّ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلْوَهَّٰبِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ ٱلتَّيْمِيُّ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «تَعَوَّذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
195. Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Bālūwayh al-Muzakkī informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās al-Maʿqilī informed us: Yaḥyā ibn Abī Ṭālib narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAṭāʾ narrated to us: Sulaymān al-Taymī narrated to me on the authority of Anas – may Allah be pleased with him – that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
Seek refuge with Allah from the punishment of the grave.”
[173]
١٩٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ ٱلرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَنْبَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، ثَنَا ٱلْمُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ: «ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ٱلْعَجْزِ وَٱلْكَسَلِ وَٱلْجُبْنِ وَٱلْبُخْلِ وَٱلْهَرَمِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْمَحْيَا وَٱلْمَمَاتِ» رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱلْأَعْلَى عَنِ ٱلْمُعْتَمِرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَيْضًا مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ ٱلْحَبْحَابِ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ
196. Abū ʿAlī al-Rūdhabārī informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Dāsah informed us: Abū Dāwud narrated to us: Musaddad narrated to us: al-Muʿtamir ibn Sulaymān narrated to us: I heard my father say: I heard Anas ibn Mālik – may Allah be pleased with him – say: “
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from incapacity, laziness, cowardice, miserliness, and senility; I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, and I seek refuge in You from the trials of life and death.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Musaddad, and narrated by Muslim on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Aʿlā, on the authority of al-Muʿtamir ibn Sulaymān, and he also transmitted it from the hadith of Shuʿayb ibn al-Ḥabḥāb, on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik.
[174]
١٩٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ هُوَ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا رَوْحٌ، ثَنَا هِشَامٌ، ثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي دُعَائِهِ: «ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ٱلْعَجْزِ وَٱلْكَسَلِ وَٱلْجُبْنِ وَٱلْبُخْلِ وَٱلْهَرَمِ وَعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْمَحْيَا وَٱلْمَمَاتِ»
197. Abū ʿAbd Allāh – he is al-Ḥāfiẓ – informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Rawḥ narrated to us: Hishām narrated to us: Qatāda narrated to us on the authority of Anas, that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – used to say in his supplication: “
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from incapacity, laziness, cowardice, miserliness, senility, and the punishment of the grave, and I seek refuge in You from the trials of life and death.”
[175]
١٩٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ ٱلْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلرُّوذْبَارِيُّ ٱلْفَقِيهُ، ثَنَا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلْوَسْقَنْدِيُّ بِٱلرِّيِّ، نَا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ ٱلرَّازِيُّ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْأَنْصَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدٌ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ عَنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، وَعَنِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ، فَقَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ٱلْكَسَلِ وَٱلْهَرَمِ وَٱلْجُبْنِ وَٱلْبُخْلِ وَفِتْنَةِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ وَعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
198. Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad al-Rūdhabārī al-Faqīh informed us: Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā ibn Muḥammad al-Wasqandī narrated to us in al-Rayy: Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad ibn Idrīs al-Rāzī informed us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Anṣārī narrated to us: Ḥumayd narrated to me, saying: Anas ibn Mālik – may Allah be pleased with him – was asked about the punishment of the grave and about the False Messiah, and he said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – used to say: “
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from laziness, senility, cowardice, miserliness, the trial of the False Messiah, and the punishment of the grave.”
[176]
١٩٩ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ بَالَوَيْهِ، ثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ، ثَنَا مُعَلَّى بْنُ أَسَدٍ، ثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَتْنِي أُمُّ خَالِدٍ بِنْتُ خَالِدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ ٱلْعَاصِ، أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَتَعَوَّذُ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ رَوَاهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ أَسَدٍ
199. And Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Aḥmad ibn Bālawayh informed me: Mūsā ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbbād narrated to us: Muʿallā ibn Asad narrated to us: Wuhayb narrated to us on the authority of Mūsā ibn ʿUqba, who said: Umm Khālid bint Khālid ibn Saʿīd ibn al-ʿĀṣ narrated to me that she heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – seeking refuge from the punishment of the grave. Transmitted by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Muʿallā ibn Asad.
[177]
٢٠٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَنْبَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْقَاضِي، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّٰهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ الْمَكِّيِّ، عَنْ طَاوُوسٍ الْيَمَانِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يُعَلِّمُهُمْ هَٰذَا ٱلدُّعَاءَ كَمَا يُعَلِّمُهُمُ ٱلسُّورَةَ مِنَ ٱلْقُرْآنِ يَقُولُ: «ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْمَسِيحِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْمَحْيَا وَٱلْمَمَاتِ» رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَرُوِيَ ذَٰلِكَ عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُوسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي ٱلدُّعَاءِ بِمَعْنَاهُ
200. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār informed us: Ismāʿīl al-Qāḍī narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Maslama narrated to us on the authority of Mālik, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Zubayr al-Makkī, on the authority of Ṭāwūs al-Yamānī, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās – may Allah be pleased with them both – that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – used to teach them this supplication just as he would teach them a
sūra from the Qurʾān, saying: “
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of Hell, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, I seek refuge in You from the trial of the False Messiah, and I seek refuge in You from the trials of life and death.” Narrated by Muslim in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Qutayba, on the authority of Mālik; and this was also narrated on the authority of ibn Ṭāwūs, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās regarding the supplication with the same meaning.
[178]
٢٠١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ ٱلرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَنْبَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ بَقِيَّةَ، ثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ يُونُسَ ٱلْيَمَامِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ بَعْدَ ٱلتَّشَهُّدِ: «ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ ٱلْأَعْوَرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْمَحْيَا وَٱلْمَمَاتِ»
201. Abū ʿAlī al-Rūdhabārī informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Dāsa informed us: Abū Dāwūd narrated to us: Wahb ibn Baqiyya narrated to us: ʿUmar ibn Yūnus al-Yamāmī narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṭāwūs narrated to me on the authority of his father, on the authority of Ṭāwūs, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – that he used to say after the
tashahhud: “
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of Hell, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, I seek refuge in You from the trial of the False Messiah, and I seek refuge in You from the trial of life and death.”
[179]
٢٠٢ - وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ ﺁخَرَ عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو ٱلْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ ٱلْمُقْرِئِ بِبَغْدَادَ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ٱلْهَيْثَمِ وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ٱلصَّلْتِ، ثَنَا أَبُو كُدَيْنَةَ، عَنْ قَابُوسَ بْنِ أَبِي ظِبْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ٱلْكُفْرِ وَمِنَ ٱلْمَغْرَمِ وَمِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ وَمِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلصَّدْرِ»
202. And it was narrated from another route on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās: Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn al-Muqriʾ informed us in Baghdād: Aḥmad ibn Salmān narrated to us: It was read to Muḥammad ibn al-Haytham while I was listening: Muḥammad ibn al-Ṣalt narrated to us: Abū Kudayna narrated to us on the authority of Qābūs ibn Abī Ẓibyān, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – used to say: “
O Allah, indeed I seek refuge in You from disbelief, from debt, from the punishment of the grave, and from the trial of the chest.”
[180]
٢٠٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، نَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، وَٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ٱلْعَدْلُ قَالَا: ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَا سَعِيدٌ ٱلْجُرَيْرِيُّ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرٍو، نَا ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنِ ٱلْجُرَيْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ٱلْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: ثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَائِطٍ لِبَنِي ٱلنَّجَّارِ عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ لَهُ وَنَحْنُ مَعَهُ، فَحَادَتْ بِهِ فَكَادَتْ تُلْقِيهِ، وَإِذَا أَقْبُرٌ سِتَّةٌ أَوْ خَمْسَةٌ أَوْ أَرْبَعَةٌ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ يَعْرِفُ أَصْحَابَ هَٰذِهِ ٱلْأَقْبُرِ؟» فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: أَنَا، فَقَالَ: «مَتَى مَاتَ هَٰؤُلَاءِ؟» فَقَالَ: مَاتُوا فِي ٱلْإِشْرَاكِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ هَٰذِهِ ٱلْأُمَّةَ تُبْتَلَى فِي قُبُورِهَا، فَلَوْلَا أَنْ لَا تَدَافَنُوا لَدَعَوْتُ ٱللَّهَ أَنْ يُسْمِعَكُمْ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ ٱلَّذِي أَسْمَعَنِي، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا بِوَجْهِهِ، فَقَالَ: تَعَوَّذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ، قُلْنَا: نَعُوذُ بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ قَالَ: تَعَوَّذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنَ ٱلْفِتَنِ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ، قُلْنَا: نَعُوذُ بِٱللَّهِ مِنَ ٱلْفِتَنِ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ، قَالَ: تَعَوَّذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ، قُلْنَا: نَعُوذُ بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ» لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَمْرِو بْنِ حَمْدَانَ، رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ
203. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb and al-Ḥasan ibn Yaʿqūb al-ʿAdl narrated to us, saying: Yaḥyā ibn Abī Ṭālib narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAṭāʾ narrated to us: Saʿīd al-Jurayrī informed us; [alternatively] Abū ʿAbd Allāh informed us, saying: and Abū ʿAmr informed me: al-Ḥasan ibn Sufyān narrated to us: Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba narrated to us: Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUlayya narrated to us on the authority of al-Jurayrī, on the authority of Abū Naḍra, on the authority of Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, who said: Zayd ibn Thābit narrated to us, saying: While the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – was in an orchard belonging to Banū ʾl-Najjar, riding his mule with us in his company, it suddenly veered aside and nearly threw him off. There stood some graves – six, five, or four – so he said: “
Who knows the occupants of these graves?” A man said: “I do.” He said: “
When did these people die?” The man said: “They died in polytheism.” He said: “
Indeed, this nation is put to trial in their graves. Were it not that you would cease burying one another, I would surely supplicate Allah to make you hear the punishment of the grave that I hear.” Then he turned his face toward us and said: “
Seek refuge with Allah from the punishment of the grave.” We said: “We seek refuge with Allah from the punishment of the grave.” He said: “
Seek refuge with Allah from trials, both those that are apparent and those that are hidden.” We said: “We seek refuge with Allah from trials, both those that are apparent and those that are hidden.” He said: “
Seek refuge with Allah from the trial of the False Messiah.” We said: “We seek refuge with Allah from the trial of the False Messiah.” This is the wording of the hadith of Abū ʿAmr ibn Ḥamdān. Narrated by Muslim on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba.
[181]
٢٠٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، ثَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ، ثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، ثَنَا أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ، ثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: دَخَلَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ حَائِطًا لِبَنِي ٱلنَّجَّارِ فَسَمِعَهُمْ يُعَذَّبُونَ فِي قُبُورِهِمْ، فَخَرَجَ مَذْعُورًا يَقُولُ: «أَعُوذُ بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
204. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Abū ʾl-Qāsim Sulaymān ibn Aḥmad al-Ṭabarānī narrated to us: ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz narrated to us: Abū Ḥudhayfa narrated to us: Sufyān narrated to us on the authority of Abū ʾl-Zubayr, on the authority of Jābir, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – entered an orchard belonging to the Banū ʾl-Najjār and heard them being punished in their graves, so he went out in a state of alarm, saying: “
I seek refuge in Allah from the punishment of the grave.”
[182]
٢٠٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ، أَنْبَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثَنَى يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثَنَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنْبَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَى رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، ثَنَى شُعْبَةُ، أَنَا حَبِيبُ بْنُ ٱلزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ ٱللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي ٱلْهُذَيْلِ ٱلْعَنَزِيَّ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى، أَنَّ عَبْدَ ٱللَّهِ بْنَ خَبَّابٍ، حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ قَالَ: ذَكَرَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ ٱلدَّجَّالَ، فَذَكَرَ ٱلْحَدِيثَ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: «فَتَعَوَّذُوا بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ» لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ رَوْحِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ
205. Abū Bakr ibn Fūrak informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar informed us: Yūnus ibn Ḥabīb narrated to us: Abū Dāwūd narrated to us; [alternatively] Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʿAl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb informed us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: Rawḥ ibn ʿUbāda narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us: Ḥabīb ibn al-Zubayr informed us, saying: I heard ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī ʾl-Hudhayl al-ʿAnazī narrating on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abzā, that ʿAbd Allāh ibn Khabbāb narrated to him that Ubayy ibn Kaʿb said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – mentioned the False Messiah, and he went on to mention the rest of the hadith, in which he said: “
So seek refuge with Allah from the punishment of the grave.” This is the wording of the hadith of Rawḥ ibn ʿUbāda.
[183]
٢٠٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ ٱلْعَدْلُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ ٱلْبَخْتَرِيِّ ٱلرَّزَّازُ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ ٱللَّهِ، ثَنَا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، ثَنَا عُثْمَانُ ٱلشَّحَّامُ، حَدَّثَنِي مُسْلِمُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ مَرَّ بِوَالِدِهِ وَهُوَ يَدْعُو يَقُولُ: «ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ٱلْكُفْرِ وَٱلْفَقْرِ وَعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ»، فَأَخَذْتُهُنَّ عَنْهُ، فَكُنْتُ أَدْعُو بِهِنَّ فِي دُبُرِ ٱلصَّلَاةِ، فَمَرَّ بِي وَأَنَا أَدْعُو بِهِنَّ، فَقَالَ: «يَا بُنَيَّ أَنَّىٰ عَلِمْتَ هَؤُلَاءِ ٱلْكَلِمَاتِ؟»، قُلْتُ: «يَا أَبَتَاهُ، سَمِعْتُكَ تَدْعُو بِهِنَّ فِي دُبُرِ ٱلصَّلَاةِ فَأَخَذْتُهُنَّ عَنْكَ»، قَالَ: «فَٱلْزَمْهُنَّ يَا بُنَيَّ، فَإِنَّ نَبِيَّ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَدْعُو بِهِنَّ فِي دُبُرِ ٱلصَّلَاةِ» وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَٰلِكَ عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ.
206. ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bishrān al-ʿAdl informed us, in Baghdād: Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar ibn al-Bakhtarī al-Razzāz informed us: Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd Allāh narrated to us: Rawḥ ibn ʿUbāda narrated to us: ʿUthmān al-Shaḥḥām narrated to us: Muslim ibn Abī Bakra narrated to me that he passed by his father while he was supplicating, saying: “O Allah, I seek refuge in You from disbelief, poverty, and the punishment of the grave.” So I took them from him, and I used to supplicate with them after the prayer. He then passed by me while I was supplicating with them and said: “O my son, how did you learn these words?” I said: “O my father, I heard you supplicating with them after the prayer, so I took them from you.” He said: “Adhere to them, O my son, for the Prophet of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – used to supplicate with them after the prayer.” And it was also narrated in this regard on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakra, on the authority of his father.
[184]
٢٠٧ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثَنَا مُحَاضِرُ بْنُ مُوَرِّعٍ، ثَنَا عَاصِمٌ يَعْنِي ٱلْأَحْوَلَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ ٱلْحَارِثِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ قَالَ: قُلْنَا: عَلِّمْنَا أَوْ حَدِّثْنَا قَالَ: لَا أُعَلِّمُكُمْ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يُعَلِّمُنَا: «ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ٱلْعَجْزِ وَٱلْكَسَلِ وَٱلْبُخْلِ وَٱلْجُبْنِ وَٱلْهَرَمِ وَعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
207. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: Muḥāḍir ibn Muwarriʿ narrated to us: ʿĀṣim, meaning al-Aḥwal, narrated to us on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥārith, on the authority of Zayd ibn Arqam: We said, “Teach us or narrate to us.” He said, “I shall not teach you except that which the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – used to teach us: ‘
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from incapacity, laziness, miserliness, cowardice, senility, and the punishment of the grave.’”
[185]
٢٠٨ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ٱللَّيْثُ، حَدَّثَنِي ٱبْنُ ٱلْهَادِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ٱلْكَسَلِ وَٱلْمَغْرَمِ وَٱلْمَأْثَمِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ ٱلْمَسِيحِ ٱلدَّجَّالِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ»،
208. Abū ʿAbd Allāh informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Ṣāliḥ narrated to us: al-Layth narrated to me: Ibn al-Hād narrated to me on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Shuʿayb, on the authority of his father, on the authority of his grandfather, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say: “
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from laziness, debt, and sin; and I seek refuge in You from the tribulation of the False Messiah; and I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave.”
[186]
٢٠٩ - أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، أَنْبَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثَنَى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِلْحَانَ، ثَنَى يَحْيَىٰ يَعْنِي ٱبْنَ بُكَيْرٍ، ثَنَى ٱللَّيْثُ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ الْهَادِ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ قَوْلَهُ: «وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلنَّارِ»
209. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār informed us: Aḥmad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Milḥān narrated to us: Yaḥyā, meaning ibn Bukayr, narrated to us: al-Layth narrated to us on the authority of ibn al-Hād: and he mentioned it similarly, except that he did not mention his saying: “
and I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the Fire.”
[187]
٢١٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَنَا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، ثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، ثَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ، مَوْلَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهَا: «يَا مَيْمُونَةُ تَعَوَّذِي بِٱللَّهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ» قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَحَقٌّ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، وَإِنَّ مِنْ أَشَدِّ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ الْغِيبَةَ وَالْبَوْلَ»
210. Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ibn Bishrān informed us: Ḥamza ibn Muḥammad ibn al-ʿAbbās informed us: Muḥammad ibn Ghālib narrated to us: Mūsā ibn Masʿūd narrated to us: ʿIkrima ibn ʿAmmār narrated to us on the authority of Ṭāriq ibn al-Qāsim ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, on the authority of Maymūna, the freed-slave woman of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – [that] he said to her “
O Maymūna, seek refuge in Allah from the punishment of the grave.” She said: “O Messenger of Allah, is it indeed real?” He said: “
Yes, and indeed, among the most severe punishments of the grave are [due to] backbiting and [being careless with] urine.”
[188]
Notes
[151] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 584.
↩ [152] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6366, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 586.
↩ [153] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1372.
↩ [154] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1372.
↩ [155] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1049.
↩ [156] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 903.
↩ [157] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 832, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 589.
↩ [158] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6377, and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 589.
↩ [159] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 24324; graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ. This narration provides the underlying historical context (
sabab al-wurūd) for the supplication: a Jewish woman visited ʿĀʾisha ﵂ and claimed that the punishment of the grave was linked to negligence regarding urine stains, noting that her people would cut away affected portions of clothes and skin. Though ʿĀʾisha initially disputed this, the Prophet ﷺ overheard their raised voices and confirmed the woman’s claim to be true, after which he consistently practiced seeking refuge from the heat of the Fire and the punishment of the grave after his prayers.
↩ [160] Recorded in
Sunan al-Nasāʾī, no. 5519.
↩ [161] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6374.
↩ [162] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 2822 with the addition of “writing” (
al-kitāba) to the phrase “as a teacher teaches young boys”.
↩ [163] Recorded in
al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr by al-Ṭabarānī, no. 10322.
↩ [164] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2723.
↩ [165] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2663.
↩ [166] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1377.
↩ [167] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 588d.
↩ [168] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 588b.
↩ [169] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 585.
↩ [170] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 588g.
↩ [171] Recorded in
Sunan al-Nasāʾī al-Kubrā, no. 7904 with slight variations in wording.
↩ [172] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 588g.
↩ [173] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2867 as part of a larger narration.
↩ [174] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6367;
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2706.
↩ [175] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6367 and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2706.
↩ [176] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 4707.
↩ [177] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6364.
↩ [178] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 590.
↩ [179] Recorded in
Sunan Abī Dāwūd, no. 984. This explicit addition of “
al-aʿwar” (the one-eyed) is a textual variant preserved here via the transmission of Abū Bakr ibn Dāsa, though it is omitted in standard modern prints of the
Sunan.
↩ [180] Recorded in
Musnad al-Bazzār, no. 4811. While it shares the exact same chain of transmission via Abū Kudayna from Qābūs from his father from ibn ʿAbbās, this version contains a clear textual variant, substituting “
al-kasal wa al-haram” (laziness and old age) for “
al-kufr wa al-maghram” (disbelief and debt).
↩ [181] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2867.
↩ [182] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 14102 with similar wording. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ.
↩ [183] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 21146, which contains the complete text omitted here: “His eye is green like glass…”. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ.
↩ [184] Recorded in
Sunan al-Nasā’ī, no. 1347;
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 20447. Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ.
↩ [185] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2722 (with additional wording).
↩ [186] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 6749 (with the additions of “senility” and “the punishment of the Fire”). Graded
ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ.
↩ [187] Although this text states it is identical to the previous one “except that he did not mention the Fire,” the phrase is already missing from the text of no. 208 in this edition. This indicates a likely copyist omission in no. 208, as the standard version of this narration via Ibn al-Hād (e.g.,
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 6749) explicitly includes the mention of the Fire.
↩ [188] Recorded in
al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kabīr of ibn Saʿd, no. 5095.
↩ بَابُ تَمَنِّي مَنْ غُفِرَ لَهُ أَنْ يُعْلِمَ قَوْمَهُ بِمَا أَكْرَمَهُ ٱللَّهُ بِهِ
29. On the Desire of One Who Has Been Forgiven to Inform His People of How Allah Has Honored Him
Chapter 37 of 40
قَالَ ٱللَّهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ فِيمَنْ أَنْعَمَ عَلَيْهِ بِٱلْمَغْفِرَةِ ﴿قِيلَ ٱدْخُلِ ٱلْجَنَّةَ قَالَ يَا لَيْتَ قَوْمِي يَعْلَمُونَ ٢٦ بِمَا غَفَرَ لِي رَبِّي وَجَعَلَنِي مِنَ ٱلْمُكْرَمِينَ ٢٧﴾ [يس: ٢٦-٢٧] قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: ذَٰلِكَ حِينَ رَأَى ٱلثَّوَابَ، قَالَ غَيْرُهُ: يَا لَيْتَ قَوْمِي يَعْلَمُونَ بِمَا غَفَرَ لِي رَبِّي، أَيْ بِإِيمَانِي بِرَبِّي وَتَصْدِيقِي إِيَّاهُ فَيُؤْمِنُونَ فَيَدْخُلُونَ ٱلْجَنَّةَ كَمَا دَخَلْتُ ٱلْجَنَّةَ
Allah – Sublime is His Praise – said concerning the one upon whom He bestowed forgiveness: “It was said, ‘Enter Paradise.’ He said, ‘Oh, would that my people knew how my Lord has forgiven me and made me of the honored ones!’” [Yā Sīn: 26-27]. Mujāhid said: That was when he saw the reward. Others said: “[His saying] ‘Oh, would that my people knew how my Lord has forgiven me’ means: because of my faith in my Lord and my belief in Him, so that they too might believe, and thus enter Paradise just as I entered Paradise.”
٢١٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثَنَا تَمْتَامٌ وَهُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو عُمَرَ، عَنْ هَمَّامٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ خَالَهُ حَرَامَ بْنَ مِلْحَانَ أَخَا أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ فِي سَبْعِينَ رَجُلًا إِلَى بَنِي عَامِرٍ فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا قَالَ لَهُمْ خَالُهُ: «أَتَقَدَّمُكُمْ فَإِنْ أَمَّنُونِي حَتَّى أُبَلِّغَهُمْ عَنْ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ، وَإِلَّا كُنْتُمْ قَرِيبًا»، فَتَقَدَّمَ فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ يُحَدِّثُهُمْ عَنْ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ إِذْ أَوْمَؤُوا إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ فَطَعَنَهُ فَأَنْفَذَهُ، فَقَالَ: «ٱللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، فُزْتُ وَرَبِّ ٱلْكَعْبَةِ»، ثُمَّ مَالُوا عَلَى بَقِيَّةِ أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَتَلُوهُمْ، إِلَّا رَجُلٌ أَعْرَجُ كَانَ فِيهِمْ، فَصَعِدَ ٱلْجَبَلَ قَالَ: فَحَدَّثَنَا أَنَسٌ «أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ أَتَى ٱلنَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُمْ لَقُوا رَبَّهُمْ فَرَضِيَ عَنْهُمْ وَأَرْضَاهُمْ قَالَ أَنَسٌ: فَكَانَ فِيمَا يُقْرَأُ مِنَ ٱلْقُرْآنِ: بَلِّغُوا قَوْمَنَا أَنَّا قَدْ لَقِينَا رَبَّنَا فَرَضِيَ عَنَّا وَأَرْضَانَا» قَالَ: ثُمَّ نُسِخَ بَعْدُ، فَدَعَا رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَيْهِمْ أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحًا عَلَى رِعْلٍ وَذَكْوَانَ وَعُصَيَّةَ ٱلَّذِينَ عَصَوُا ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ» أَخْرَجَهُ ٱلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي ٱلصَّحِيحِ عَنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ إِسْحَاقَ وَثَابِتٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ
213. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Abū Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār informed us: Tamtām – who is Muḥammad ibn Ghālib – narrated to us: Abū ʿUmar narrated to us on the authority of Hammām, on the authority of Isḥāq ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Ṭalḥa, on the authority of Anas, that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – sent his maternal uncle Ḥarām ibn Milḥān,
[191] the brother of Umm Sulaym, among seventy men to the Banū ʿĀmir. When they arrived, his maternal uncle said to them: “I shall go ahead of you. If they grant me protection so that I may convey to them from the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – [well and good], otherwise you will be nearby.” So he went ahead, and while he was conveying to them on behalf of the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – they gestured to a man among them who stabbed him and pierced him through. He said: “Allah is Greatest! I have won, by the Lord of the Kaʿba!” Then they turned upon the rest of his companions and killed them, except for a lame man who was among them and climbed the mountain. He said: Anas narrated to us that Gabriel came to the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and informed him that they had met their Lord, and He was pleased with them and made them pleased. Anas said: Among what used to be recited of the Qur’an was: ‘Convey to our people that we have met our Lord, and He is pleased with us and has made us pleased.’ He said: Then it was abrogated afterward, and the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – supplicated against them for forty mornings, against Riʿl, Dhakwān, and ʿUṣayya, who disobeyed Allah and His Messenger. Transmitted by al-Bukhārī in his
Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū ʿUmar, and he transmitted it from the hadith of Qatāda, on the authority of Anas, and Muslim transmitted it from the hadith of Isḥāq and Thābit, on the authority of Anas.
[192]
٢١٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أَنَا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْعَبْسِيُّ، ثَنَا مِنْجَابُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، نَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ الْأَفْطَسِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «لَمَّا أُصِيبَ مَنْ أُصِيبَ، وَرَأَوْا مَا أَعَدَّ ٱللَّهُ لَهُمْ مِنَ ٱلرِّزْقِ قَالُوا: لَيْتَ إِخْوَانَنَا يَعْلَمُونَ» فَأَنْزَلَ ٱللَّهُ ﷿ ﴿وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ أَمْوَٰتًا بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ﴾ [آل عمران: ١٦٩] ٱلْآيَةُ قَالَ: وَثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، ثَنَا مِنْجَابُ بْنُ ٱلْحَارِثِ، ثَنَا حَاتِمٌ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ
214. Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ibn al-Faḍl al-Qaṭṭān informed us in Baghdād: Abū Sahl ibn Ziyād al-Qaṭṭān informed us: Muḥammad ibn ʿUthmān al-ʿAbsī narrated to us: Minjāb ibn al-Ḥārith narrated to us: Abū ʿĀmir al-Asadī narrated to us on the authority of Sufyān al-Thawrī, on the authority of Sālim al-Afṭas, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās, who said: “When those who were afflicted were afflicted, and they saw what Allah had prepared for them of provision, they said: ‘Would that our brothers knew!’” So Allah – Mighty and Sublime is He – revealed: "
And never think of those who have been killed in the cause of Allah as dead. Rather, they are alive..." [Āl ʿImrān: 169] He said: And Muḥammad ibn ʿUthmān narrated to us: Minjāb ibn al-Ḥārith narrated to us: Ḥātim narrated to us on the authority of Usāma ibn Zayd, on the authority of Ismāʿīl ibn Umayya, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās.
[193]
٢١٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ ٱلْحَسَنِ ٱلْقَاضِي قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَنَبَا ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلدُّورِيُّ، ثَنَا يُوسُفُ ٱلصَّفَّارُ مَوْلَى بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ، نَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنِ ٱلْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِذَا دَخَلَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ قَبْرَهُ أَتَاهُ مَلَكَانِ فَزَبَرَاهُ فَيَقُومُ يَهَابُ ٱلْفَتَّانَ. قَالَ: فَيَسْأَلَانِهِ مَنْ رَبُّكَ وَمَا دِينُكَ وَمَنْ نَبِيُّكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: ٱللَّهُ رَبِّي وَٱلْإِسْلَامُ دِينِي وَمُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ نَبِيِّي، فَيَقُولَانِ لَهُ: صَدَقْتَ، كَذَٰلِكَ كُنْتَ، فَيُقَالُ: ٱفْرُشُوهُ مِنَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ، وَٱكْسُوهُ مِنَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ. فَيَقُولُ: دَعُونِي حَتَّىٰ أُخْبِرَ أَهْلِي، فَيَقُولَانِ لَهُ: ٱسْكُنْ»
215. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Bakr ibn al-Ḥasan al-Qāḍī informed us, saying: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-ʿAbbās ibn Muḥammad al-Dūrī informed us: Yūsuf al-Ṣaffār, the freed slave of the Banū Umayya, narrated to us: Abū Bakr ibn ʿAyyāsh informed us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Abū Sufyān, on the authority of Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
When the believer enters his grave, two angels come to him and speak to him sternly, and he stands in fear of the interrogators. They ask him, ‘Who is your Lord, what is your religion, and who is your Prophet?’ He replies, ‘Allah is my Lord, Islam is my religion, and Muḥammad – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – is my Prophet.’ They say to him, ‘You have spoken the truth; thus you were.’ Then it is said, ‘Spread for him a carpet from Paradise, and clothe him from Paradise.’ He says, ‘Leave me so that I may inform my family,’ but they say to him, ‘Dwell [here].’”
[194]
٢١٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ، أَنَا ٱبْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ جَابِرًا عَنِ الْقَبْرِ، فَقَالَ جَابِرٌ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ هَٰذِهِ الْأُمَّةَ تُبْتَلَى فِي قُبُورِهَا، فَإِذَا دَخَلَ الْمُؤْمِنُ قَبْرَهُ وَتَوَلَّى عَنْهُ أَصْحَابُهُ جَاءَهُ مَلَكٌ شَدِيدُ ٱلِانْتِهَارِ، فَيَقُولُ لَهُ: مَا كُنْتَ تَقُولُ فِي هَٰذَا الرَّجُلِ؟ فَيَقُولُ الْمُؤْمِنُ: كُنْتُ أَقُولُ: إِنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَبْدُهُ، فَيَقُولُ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ: ٱنْظُرْ إِلَى مَقْعَدِكَ ٱلَّذِي كُنْتَ تَرَى مِنَ ٱلنَّارِ، يَعْنِي قَدْ أُبْدِلَ مَكَانَهُ مَقْعَدُكَ ٱلَّذِي تَرَى مِنَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ، فَيَرَاهُمَا كِلَاهُمَا، فَيَقُولُ الْمُؤْمِنُ: دَعُونِي أُبَشِّرُ أَهْلِي، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: ٱسْكُنْ، وَأَمَّا الْمُنَافِقُ فَيَقْعُدُ إِذَا تَوَلَّى عَنْهُ أَهْلُهُ فَيُقَالُ: مَا كُنْتَ تَقُولُ فِي هَٰذَا الرَّجُلِ؟ فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي، أَقُولُ مَا يَقُولُ ٱلنَّاسُ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: لَا دَرَيْتَ، هَٰذَا مَقْعَدُكَ ٱلَّذِي كَانَ لَكَ مِنَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ قَدْ أُبْدِلَ مَكَانَهُ مَقْعَدُكَ مِنَ ٱلنَّارِ»
216. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Abū ʾl-Aswad narrated to us: Ibn Lahīʿa informed us on the authority of Abū al-Zubayr, who said: I asked Jābir about the grave, and Jābir said: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say: “
Indeed, this community will be tested in their graves. When the believer enters his grave and his companions turn away from him, a harshly rebuking angel comes to him and says to him: ‘What did you use to say about this man?’ The believer says: ‘I used to say: Indeed, he is the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and His servant.’ The angel says to him: ‘Look at your seat which you used to see in the Fire; [meaning] your seat which you see in Paradise has been substituted in its place.’ So he sees them both. The believer says: ‘Let me go and give the glad tidings to my family!’ But it is said to him: ‘Dwell [here].’ As for the hypocrite, he sits up when his family turns away from him, and it is said: ‘What did you use to say about this man?’ He says: ‘I do not know; I say what the people say.’ So it is said to him: ‘May you never know! This was your seat that was for you in Paradise, but your seat in the Fire has been substituted in its place.’”
[195]
قَالَ جَابِرٌ: فَسَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «يُبْعَثُ كُلُّ عَبْدٍ عَلَىٰ مَا مَاتَ، ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ عَلَىٰ إِيمَانِهِ وَٱلْمُنَافِقُ عَلَىٰ نِفَاقِهِ»
Jābir said: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say: “Every servant will be resurrected according to the state in which he died; the believer upon his faith and the hypocrite upon his hypocrisy.”
Notes
[192] Recorded in
Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 4091 and
Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 677.
↩ [191] The source text in Sharaf Qaḍī’s edition of
Ithbāt ʿAdhāb al-Qabr erroneously reads “Ḥarām ibn ʿUthmān.” This is a clerical error for the well-known Companion Ḥarām ibn Milḥān, and it has been corrected here.
↩ [193] Recorded in
Sunan Abī Dāwūd, no. 2520 as a
marfūʿ report. Graded
ḥasan by al-Albānī.
↩ [194] Recorded in
al-Sunnah of ibn Abī ‘Āṣim, no. 866. In Dr. Sharaf al-Quḍāt’s printed critical edition of
Ithbāt ‘Adhāb al-Qabr, a lacuna exists in the manuscript immediately after “he stands up” (
fayaqūmu). However, other printed editions of al-Bayhaqī’s work (including the
Maktabat al-Turāth al-Islāmī edition used on
shamela.ws) contain the words “fearing the interrogator” (
yahābu al-fattān). The parallel text preserved in
al-Sunnah of ibn Abī ‘Āṣim (no. 866) provides the alternative phrasing: “and he stands up, waking up [startled] like a sleeper waking up” (
fayaqūmu yahubbu kamā yahubbu al-nā’im). See also hadiths 20 and 44, of which this narration is a part.
↩ [195] Recorded in
Musnad Aḥmad, no. 14722. al-Arnaʾūṭ says the hadith is
ṣaḥīḥ though the chain of transmission is weak due to ibn Lahīʿa.
↩ بَابُ مَا حَضَرَنِي مِنْ أَقَاوِيلِ ٱلسَّلَفِ ﵃ فِي إِثْبَاتِ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ وَمَا كَانُوا يَخَافُونَهُ مِنْ هَوْلِ ٱلْمُطَّلَعِ
31. On What Has Reached Me of the Statements of the Righteous Predecessors – May Allah Be Pleased with Them – Regarding the Affirmation of the Punishment of the Grave and What They Feared of the Terror of What Lies Ahead
Chapter 39 of 40
٢٢١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ إِمْلَاءً، أَنَا ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ٱلْعَدْلُ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ ٱلْخَطَّابِ ﵁ حِينَ طُعِنَ فَقُلْتُ: «أَبْشِرْ بِٱلْجَنَّةِ يَا أَمِيرَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَسْلَمْتَ حِينَ كَفَرَ ٱلنَّاسُ وَجَاهَدْتَ مَعَ رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ خَذَلَهُ ٱلنَّاسُ وَقُبِضَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَنْكَ رَاضٍ، وَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ فِي خِلَافَتِكَ ٱثْنَانِ، وَقُتِلْتَ شَهِيدًا»، فَقَالَ: أَعِدْ عَلَيَّ، فَأَعَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «وَٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِي لَا إِلَٰهَ غَيْرُهُ، لَوْ أَنَّ لِي مَا عَلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ مِنْ صَفْرَاءَ وَبَيْضَاءَ لَٱفْتَدَيْتُ بِهِ مِنْ هَوْلِ ٱلْمُطَّلَعِ»
221. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ narrated to us by dictation, al-Ḥasan ibn Yaʿqūb al-ʿAdl informed us, Yaḥyā ibn Abī Ṭālib narrated to us, ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAṭāʾ narrated to us, Dāwūd ibn Abī Hind informed us on the authority of ʿĀmir, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās, who said: I entered upon ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb – may Allah be pleased with him – when he was stabbed, and I said: “Receive glad tidings of Paradise, O Commander of the Faithful! You embraced Islam when the people disbelieved, you struggled alongside the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – when the people forsook him, the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – passed away while he was pleased with you, no two people disagreed regarding your caliphate, and you have been killed as a martyr.” He said: “Repeat that to me.” So I repeated it to him, and he said: “By Allah, other than Whom there is no god, if I possessed all that is on the earth of gold and silver,
[203] I would ransom myself with it from the terror of what lies ahead.”
[204]
٢٢٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ، نَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَٱللَّفْظُ لِتَمْتَامٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، ثَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ بَحِيرٍ، عَنْ هَانِئٍ مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ قَالَ: كَانَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ﵁ إِذَا وَقَفَ عَلَىٰ قَبْرٍ بَكَىٰ حَتَّىٰ يَبُلَّ لِحْيَتَهُ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: تُذْكَرُ ٱلْجَنَّةُ وَٱلنَّارُ فَلَا تَبْكِي وَتَبْكِي مِنْ هٰذَا؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ ٱلْقَبْرَ أَوَّلُ مَنَازِلِ ٱلْآخِرَةِ فَمَنْ نَجَا مِنْهُ فَمَا بَعْدَهُ أَيْسَرُ مِنْهُ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَنْجُ مِنْهُ فَمَا بَعْدَهُ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُ» قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ ﵁: مَا رَأَيْتُ مَنْظَرًا قَطُّ إِلَّا وَٱلْقَبْرُ أَفْظَعُ مِنْهُ.
222. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Ghālib ibn Ḥarb and Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh narrated to us – and the wording is Tamtām’s – saying: ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar narrated to me: Hishām ibn Yūsuf narrated to us on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Baḥīr, on the authority of Hāniʾ, the freed slave of ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān, who said: When ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān – may Allah be pleased with him – stood over a grave, he would weep until he wet his beard. So it was said to him: “Paradise and the Fire are mentioned and you do not weep, yet you weep because of this?” He said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “
The grave is the first of the stages of the Hereafter; so if one is saved from it, what comes after it is easier than it, and if one is not saved from it, what comes after it is more severe than it.” He said: ʿUthmān – may Allah be pleased with him – said: “I have never seen any sight but that the grave is more terrible than it.”
[205]
٢٢٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ مِنْ أَصْلِ كِتَابِهِ، أَبْنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ٱلْحَافِظُ، ثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ٱلْعَبْدِيُّ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، ثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْمَدِينِيُّ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ فَقَالَ: «وَٱللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ مَنْظَرًا قَطُّ إِلَّا وَٱلْقَبْرُ أَفْظَعُ مِنْهُ»، لَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ. وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ عَنْ هِشَامٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ ٱلرَّسُولِ ﷺ.
223. Abū Naṣr ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿUmar ibn Qatāda informed us from his original manuscript, [saying]: Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Saʿd al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-ʿAbdī narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal narrated to us: ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Madīnī narrated to us: and he mentioned it with his chain of transmission in a similar manner, except that he said at the end, he said: “By Allah, I have never seen a sight except that the grave is more terrible than it.” He did not mention it on the authority of ʿUthmān, and Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn narrated it on the authority of Hishām, and he mentioned it as the statement of the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
٢٢٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وأَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أَنَبَا ٱبْنُ ٱلْأَصْبَهَانِيِّ، عَنْ حَكَّامٍ ٱلرَّازِيِّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي قَيْسٍ، عَنِ ٱلْحَجَّاجِ عَنِ ٱلْمِنْهَالِ، عَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ﵁ قَالَ: «مَا زِلْنَا نَشُكُّ فِي عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ ﴿أَلْهَاكُمُ ٱلتَّكَاثُرُ حَتَّىٰ زُرْتُمُ ٱلْمَقَابِرَ﴾ [التكاثر: ١-٢]» فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي ٱلثَّابِتِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي دُعَائِهِ عَلَى ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ يَوْمَ ٱلْأَحْزَابِ بِعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ
224. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us, and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us; they both said: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: ibn al-Aṣbahānī informed us on the authority of Ḥakkām al-Rāzī, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Abī Qays, on the authority of al-Ḥajjāj, on the authority of al-Minhāl, on the authority of Zirr ibn Ḥubaysh, on the authority of ʿAlī – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: “We continued to doubt the punishment of the grave until there was revealed: ‘
Mutual rivalry diverts you, until you visit the graves.’” [al-Takāthur: 1-2] And it has indeed been narrated to us in the established report on the authority of ʿAlī, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – regarding his supplication against the polytheists on the Day of the Confederates, invoking the punishment of the grave [upon them].
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٢٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ ٱلْفَضْلِ قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، ثَنَا حَسَنٌ ٱلْأَشْيَبُ، ثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ ٱبْنِ بَهْدَلَةَ، عَنْ زِرِّ بْنِ حُبَيْشٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ﵁ قَالَ: «إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمُ لَيُجْلَسُ فِي قَبْرِهِ إِجْلَاسًا، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: مَا أَنْتَ؟ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُؤْمِنًا قَالَ: أَنَا عَبْدُ ٱللَّهِ حَيًّا وَمَيِّتًا أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، فَيُفْسَحُ لَهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّهُ فَيَرَى مَكَانَهُ مِنَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ وَيُنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِ كِسْوَةٌ يَلْبَسُهَا مِنَ ٱلْجَنَّةِ، وَأَمَّا ٱلْكَافِرُ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: مَا أَنْتَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: لَا دَرَيْتَ ثَلَاثًا، فَيُضَيَّقُ عَلَيْهِ قَبْرُهُ حَتَّىٰ تَخْتَلِفَ أَضْلَاعُهُ أَوْ تَتَمَاسَّ أَضْلَاعُهُ وَيُرْسَلُ عَلَيْهِ حَيَّاتٌ مِنْ جَوَانِبِ قَبْرِهِ يَنْهَشْنَهُ وَيَأْكُلْنَهُ، فَإِذَا جَزَعَ فَصَاحَ قُمِعَ بِمَقْمَعٍ مِنْ نَارٍ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ»
225. Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh and Muḥammad ibn Mūsā ibn al-Faḍl informed us; they both said: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī narrated to us: Ḥasan al-Ashyab narrated to us: Ḥammād narrated to us on the authority of ʿĀṣim ibn Bahdala, on the authority of Zirr ibn Ḥubaysh, on the authority of ibn Masʿūd – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: “Indeed, one of you is made to sit upright in his grave. Then it is said to him: ‘What are you?’ So if he was a believer, he says: ‘I am a servant of Allah, in life and in death; I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger.’ Then his grave is expanded for him as much as Allah wills, and he sees his place in Paradise, and a garment from Paradise is sent down to him which he wears. As for the disbeliever, it is said to him: ‘What are you?’ And he says: ‘I do not know.’ So it is said to him: ‘May you never know!’ three times. Then his grave is constricted upon him until his ribs interlace – or touch one another – and snakes are sent upon him from the sides of his grave, gnawing him and eating him. And if he panics and screams, he is struck with an iron mallet of fire.”
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٢٢٦ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُوسَىٰ قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ، نَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، نَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي ٱلْأَوَّلِ: «فَيُوسَعُ قَبْرُهُ مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّهُ وَيُفْتَحُ لَهُ بَابٌ إِلَى ٱلْجَنَّةِ فَيَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ رَوْحِهَا حَتَّىٰ يُبْعَثَ»، وَزَادَ فِي ٱلْآخَرِ: «وَيُفْتَحُ لَهُ بَابٌ إِلَى ٱلنَّارِ»
226. Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh and Muḥammad ibn Mūsā informed us; they both said: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad narrated to us: Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba informed us: Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī narrated to us on the authority of Zāʾida, on the authority of ʿĀṣim, who mentioned it with his chain and with the same meaning, except that he said in the first [case]: “His grave is expanded for him as much as Allah wills, and a door to Paradise is opened for him, so its breeze comes to him until he is resurrected.” And he added in the second [case]: “And a door to the Fire will be opened for him.”
[208]
٢٢٧ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: نَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ، نَا حَسَنٌ ٱلْأَشْيَبُ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ ٱلْجُرَيْرِيِّ، عَنْ قَسَامَةَ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى ٱلْأَشْعَرِيِّ ﵁ قَالَ: «أَعْمِقُوا لِي قَبْرِي». قَالَ: فَذَكَرَ كُلَّ حَدِيثِ عَاصِمٍ.
227. And Abū ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Saʿīd informed us, who both said: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Muḥammad narrated to us: Ḥasan al-Ashyab narrated to us: Ḥammād ibn Salama narrated to us on the authority of Saʿīd al-Jurayrī, on the authority of Qasāma ibn Zuhayr, on the authority of Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: “Make my grave deep for me.” And he mentioned the entirety of the hadith of ʿĀṣim.
[209]
٢٢٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، نَا مُحَمَّدٌ، ثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ عَاصِمٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى قَالَ: «تَخْرُجُ نَفْسُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِ وَهِيَ أَطْيَبُ رِيحًا مِنَ ٱلْمِسْكِ قَالَ: فَتَصْعَدُ بِهَا ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ ٱلَّذِينَ يَتَوَفَّوْنَهَا فَتَلَقَّاهُمُ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ دُونَ ٱلسَّمَاءِ، فَيَقُولُونَ: مَنْ هَٰذَا مَعَكُمْ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: فُلَانٌ، وَيَذْكُرُونَهُ بِأَحْسَنِ عَمَلِهِ فَيَقُولُونَ: حَيَّاكُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَحَيَّا مَنْ مَعَكُمْ قَالَ: فَتُفْتَحُ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ ٱلسَّمَاءِ فَيُشْرِقُ وَجْهُهُ قَالَ: فَيَأْتِيَ ٱلرَّبَّ تَعَالَى وَوَجْهُهُ بُرْهَانٌ مِثْلُ ٱلشَّمْسِ قَالَ: وَأَمَّا ٱلْآخَرُ فَتَخْرُجُ نَفْسُهُ وَهِيَ أَنْتَنُ مِنَ ٱلْجِيفَةِ، فَتَصْعَدُ بِهَا ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ ٱلَّذِينَ يَتَوَفَّوْنَهَا فَتَلَقَّاهُمْ مَلَائِكَةٌ دُونَ ٱلسَّمَاءِ، فَيَقُولُونَ: مَنْ هَٰذَا مَعَكُمْ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: فُلَانٌ، وَيَذْكُرُونَهُ بِأَسْوَإِ عَمَلِهِ قَالَ: فَيَقُولُونَ: رُدُّوهُ رُدُّوهُ، فَمَا ظَلَمَهُ ٱللَّهُ شَيْئًا، فَقَرَأَ أَبُو مُوسَى ﵁ ﴿لَا يَدْخُلُونَ ٱلْجَنَّةَ حَتَّىٰ يَلِجَ ٱلْجَمَلُ فِي سَمِّ ٱلْخِيَاطِ﴾ [الأعراف:٤٠]»
228. Abū ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Saʿīd informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Muḥammad informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba narrated to us: Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī narrated to us on the authority of Zāʾida, on the authority of ʿĀṣim, on the authority of Sufyān, on the authority of Abū Mūsā – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: “The soul of the believer leaves [the body] smelling sweeter than musk. The angels who take it ascend with it, and other angels meet them below the heavens, asking, ‘Who is this with you?’ They reply, ‘So-and-so,’ mentioning him by his best deeds. The angels say, ‘May Allah bless you and bless the one with you.’ Then the gates of heaven are opened for him, and his face shines brightly. He comes before the Lord Most High with his face radiant
[210] like the sun. As for the other, his soul leaves smelling worse than a decaying carcass. The angels who take it ascend with it, and other angels meet them below the heavens, asking, ‘Who is this with you?’ They reply, ‘So-and-so,’ mentioning him by his worst deeds. The angels say, ‘Send him back! Send him back! Allah has not wronged him in the least.’
Then Abū Mūsā – may Allah be pleased with him – recited: ‘
They will not enter Paradise until the camel passes through the eye of a needle.’” [Al-Aʿrāf: 40]
[211]
٢٢٩ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ، نَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ثَنَا غُنْدَرٌ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عُمَيْرُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي ٱلدَّرْدَاءِ ﵁، وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا ٱلدَّرْدَاءِ، إِنَّكَ قَدْ أَصْبَحْتَ عَلَى جَنَاحِ فِرَاقِ ٱلدُّنْيَا، فَمُرْنِي بِأَمْرٍ يَنْفَعُنِي ٱللَّهُ بِهِ وَأَذْكُرُكَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّكَ بَيْنَ أُمَّةٍ مُعَافَاةٍ فَأَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَاةَ وَأَدِّ زَكَاةَ مَالِكَ إِنْ كَانَ لَكَ، وَصُمْ رَمَضَانَ وَٱجْتَنِبِ ٱلْفَوَاحِشَ، ثُمَّ أَبْشِرْ»، فَأَعَادَ ٱلرَّجُلُ عَلَى أَبِي ٱلدَّرْدَاءِ ﵁، فَقَالَ أَبُو ٱلدَّرْدَاءِ: «ٱجْلِسْ ثُمَّ ٱعْقِلْ مَا أَقُولُ لَكَ، أَيْنَ أَنْتَ مِنْ يَوْمٍ لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ ٱلْأَرْضِ إِلَّا عَرْضَ ذِرَاعَيْنِ فِي طُولِ أَرْبَعَةِ أَذْرُعٍ؟ أَقْبَلَ بِكَ أَهْلُكَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَانُوا لَا يُحِبُّونَ فِرَاقَكَ، وَجُلُسَاؤُكَ وَإِخْوَانُكَ فَأَتْقَنُوا عَلَيْكَ ٱلْبُنْيَانَ، ثُمَّ أَكْثَرُوا عَلَيْكَ ٱلتُّرَابَ، ثُمَّ تَرَكُوكَ، ثُمَّ جَاءَكَ مَلَكَانِ أَسْوَدَانِ أَزْرَقَانِ جَعْدَانِ، أَسْمَاؤُهُمَا مُنْكَرٌ وَنَكِيرٌ، فَأَجْلَسَاكَ ثُمَّ سَأَلَاكَ مَا أَنْتَ؟ أَمْ عَلَى مَاذَا كُنْتَ؟ أَمْ مَاذَا تَقُولُ فِي هَذَا ٱلرَّجُلِ؟ فَإِنْ قُلْتَ: وَٱللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي، سَمِعْتُ ٱلنَّاسَ قَالُوا قَوْلًا فَقُلْتُ قَوْلَ ٱلنَّاسِ، فَقَدْ وَٱللَّهِ رَدِيتَ وَهَوِيتَ، فَإِنْ قُلْتَ: مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابَهُ فَآمَنْتُ بِهِ وَبِمَا جَاءَ مَعَهُ، فَقَدْ وَٱللَّهِ نَجَوْتَ وَهُدِيتَ، وَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعَ ذَٰلِكَ إِلَّا بِتَثْبِيتٍ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ تَعَالَى مَعَ مَا تَرَى مِنَ ٱلشِّدَّةِ وَٱلتَّخْوِيفِ»
229. Abū ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Saʿīd informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Muḥammad narrated to us: Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba narrated to us: Ghundar narrated to us on the authority of Shuʿba, on the authority of Yaʿlā ibn ʿAṭāʾ: ʿUmayr ibn Salama narrated to me, saying: A man came to Abū ʾl-Dardāʾ – may Allah be pleased with him – while he was ill, and said, “O Abū ʾl-Dardāʾ! You are on the verge of departing this world, so command me with something by which Allah will benefit me and by which I may remember you.” He said, “You are among a forgiven nation, so establish the prayer, pay the
zakāt on your wealth if you have any, fast Ramaḍān, avoid enormities, and then rejoice.” The man repeated [his request] to Abū ʾl-Dardāʾ – may Allah be pleased with him – and Abū ʾl-Dardāʾ said, “Sit, and then comprehend what I say to you: Where will you be on a day when you have nothing of the earth save a width of two cubits and a length of four cubits? Your family, who used to hate parting from you, along with your companions and brothers, bring you forth, construct the grave over you securely, pile earth high upon you, and then leave you. Then two black, blue-eyed, curly-haired angels arrive – their names are Munkar and Nakīr – and sit you up, asking you, ‘Who are you? Or upon what were you? Or what do you say about this man?’ If you say, ‘By Allah, I do not know; I heard the people saying something so I said what the people said,’ then by Allah, you are ruined and fallen. But if you say, ‘Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah; He sent down His Book to him, so I believed in him and in what came with him,’ then by Allah, you are saved and guided. And you will never be able to do that except through steadfastness granted by Allah Most High, amid the severe hardship and terror you will see.”
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٢٣٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ بِشْرَانَ، بِبَغْدَادَ، أَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ٱلرَّزَّازُ، ثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ ٱلْوَلِيدِ، نَا شَاذَانُ، أَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ ٱلْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّهُ صَلَّى عَلَى مَنْفُوسٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «ٱللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُعِيذُهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ»
230. ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bishrān informed us in Baghdad: Abū Jaʿfar al-Razzāz informed us: Aḥmad ibn al-Walīd narrated to us: Shādhān narrated to us: Sufyān ibn Saʿīd informed us on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyib, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, that he performed the funeral prayer over a stillborn child and then said: “O Allah, I seek refuge for him from the punishment of the grave.”
٢٣١ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، نَا مُحَمَّدٌ، نَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، ثَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ ٱللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ قَالَتْ: «إِنَّ ٱلْكَافِرَ يُسَلَّطُ عَلَيْهِ فِي قَبْرِهِ شُجَاعٌ أَقْرَعُ، فَيَأْكُلُ لَحْمَهُ مِنْ رَأْسِهِ إِلَى رِجْلِهِ ثُمَّ يُكْسَى ٱللَّحْمُ فَيَأْكُلُ مِنْ رِجْلِهِ إِلَى رَأْسِهِ، فَهُوَ كَذَٰلِكَ»
231. Abū ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Saʿīd informed us, saying: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Muḥammad narrated to us: Muʿāwiya ibn ʿAmr narrated to us: Jarīr ibn Ḥāzim narrated to us, saying: I heard ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Mulayka say: I heard ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – say: “Indeed, a bald-headed serpent is set upon the disbeliever in his grave. It devours his flesh from his head to his feet. Then his flesh is restored, and it devours him from his feet to his head; and thus it continues.’”
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٢٣٢ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: نَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، نَا مُحَمَّدٌ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ ٱلْأَسْلَمِيُّ، ثَنَا مُصْعَبُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ ٱلزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أُمِّ خَارِجَةَ مَوْلَاةِ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ﵂ أَنَّهَا حَضَرَتِ ٱمْرَأَةً تَمُوتُ، فَجَعَلَتْ تَقُولُ لَهَا: «إِنَّكِ تُسْأَلِينَ عَنْ رَبِّكِ وَعَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ» فَجَعَلَتْ تُثَبِّتُهَا.
232. Abū ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Saʿīd informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās informed us: Muḥammad narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Aslamī narrated to us: Muṣʿab ibn Thābit narrated to us on the authority of ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUrwa ibn al-Zubayr, on the authority of Umm Khārija, the client of Asmāʾ bint Abī Bakr – may Allah be pleased with her – that she was present with a woman who was dying, and she began saying to her, “You shall be questioned about your Lord and about the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace” and she continued to strengthen her resolve.
٢٣٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا ٱبْنُ كَامِلٍ ٱلْقَاضِي، أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ ٱلْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ ٱلْعَوْفِيُّ، نَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﴿يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ وَيُضِلُّ اللَّهُ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ [إبراهيم: ٢٧] قَالَ: «إِنَّ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا حَضَرَهُ ٱلْمَوْتُ شَهِدَتْهُ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ يُسَلِّمُونَ عَلَيْهِ وَيُبَشِّرُونَهُ بِٱلْجَنَّةِ فَإِذَا مَاتَ مَشَوْا مَعَ جِنَازَتِهِ ثُمَّ صَلَّوْا عَلَيْهِ مَعَ ٱلنَّاسِ، فَإِذَا دُفِنَ أُجْلِسَ فِي قَبْرِهِ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: رَبِّيَ ٱللَّهُ، وَيُقَالُ لَهُ: مَنْ رَسُولُكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ، فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: مَا شَهَادَتُكَ؟ فَيَقُولُ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، فَيُوسَعُ لَهُ قَبْرُهُ مَدَّ بَصَرِهِ، وَأَمَّا ٱلْكَافِرُ فَتَنْزِلُ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةُ فَيَبْسُطُونَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَٱلْبَسْطُ هُوَ ٱلضَّرْبُ، يَضْرِبُونَ وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَدْبَارَهُمْ عِنْدَ ٱلْمَوْتِ، فَإِذَا دَخَلَ قَبْرَهُ أُقْعِدَ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: مَنْ رَبُّكَ؟ فَلَمْ يُرْجِعْ إِلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا وَأَنْسَاهُ ٱللَّهُ ذِكْرَ ذَٰلِكَ، وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُ: مَنْ رَسُولُكَ ٱلَّذِي بُعِثَ إِلَيْكَ؟ لَمْ يَهْتَدِ لَهُ وَلَمْ يُرْجِعْ إِلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا يَقُولُ ٱللَّهُ ﴿كَذَٰلِكَ يُضِلُّ اللَّهُ الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ [غافر: ٧٤]»
233. Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Ibn Kāmil al-Qāḍī informed us: Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAṭiyya al-ʿAwfī informed us: my father narrated to us: my uncle narrated to me: my father narrated to me on the authority of his father ʿAṭiyya, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās, who said regarding His statement: “
Allah keeps the believers steadfast with the firm word in the worldly life and in the Hereafter; and Allah sends astray the wrongdoers” [Ibrāhīm: 27]: “When death approaches the believer, the angels attend to him, greeting him with peace and giving him glad tidings of Paradise. Then, when he dies, they walk with his funeral procession and pray over him along with the people. Then, when he is buried, he is made to sit up in his grave, and it is said to him: ‘Who is your Lord?’ So he says: ‘My Lord is Allah.’ And it is said to him: ‘Who is your Messenger?’ So he says: ‘Muḥammad – may Allah bless him and grant him peace.’ And it is said to him: ‘What is your testimony?’ So he says: ‘I bear witness that there is no deity except Allah, and that Muḥammad is His servant and His Messenger.’ Then his grave is widened for him as far as his eye can see. As for the disbeliever, the angels descend and stretch forth their hands – and stretching forth is striking – striking their faces and their backs at the time of death. Then, when he enters his grave, he is made to sit up, and it is said to him: ‘Who is your Lord?’ But he gives them no reply, for Allah causes him to forget the mention of that. And when it is said to him: ‘Who is your Messenger who was sent to you?’ he is not guided to it and gives them no reply. Allah says: '
Thus does Allah send astray the disbelievers.'” [Ghāfir: 74]
[214]
٢٣٤ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلسُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالُوا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا ٱلْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، يَعْنِي ٱبْنَ عَفَّانَ ٱلْعَامِرِيَّ، ثَنَا عَبَاءَةُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ ٱللَّيْثِيُّ، عَنْ جُوَيْرِيَةَ بْنِ أَسْمَاءٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ٱبْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: «بَيْنَا أَنَا صَادِرٌ عَنْ غَزْوَةِ ٱلْأَبْوَاءِ، إِذْ مَرَرْتُ بِقُبُورٍ فَخَرَجَ عَلَيَّ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَبْرٍ يَلْتَهِبُ نَارًا وَفِي عُنُقِهِ سِلْسِلَةٌ يَجُرُّهَا، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ يَا عَبْدَ ٱللَّهِ ٱسْقِنِي سَقَاكَ ٱللَّهُ قَالَ: فَوَٱللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي، بِٱسْمِي يَدْعُونِي أَوْ كَمَا يَقُولُ ٱلرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ: يَا عَبْدَ ٱللَّهِ، إِذْ خَرَجَ عَلَىٰ أَثَرِهِ أَسْوَدُ بِيَدِهِ ضِغْثٌ مِنْ شَوْكٍ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: يَا عَبْدَ ٱللَّهِ لَا تَسْقِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ كَافِرٌ فَأَدْرَكَهُ فَأَخَذَ بِطَرَفِ ٱلسِّلْسِلَةِ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَهُ بِذَٰلِكَ ٱلضِّغْثِ ثُمَّ ٱقْتَحَمَا فِي ٱلْقَبْرِ، وَأَنَا أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمَا، حَتَّىٰ ٱلْتَأَمَ عَلَيْهِمَا» وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَٰلِكَ قِصَّةٌ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَهْرَمَانِ آلِ ٱلزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَفِي ٱلْآثَارِ ٱلصَّحِيحَةِ غُنْيَةٌ
234. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī, and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī – meaning ibn ʿAffān al-ʿĀmirī – narrated to us: ʿAbāʾa ibn Kulayb al-Laythī narrated to us on the authority of Juwayriya ibn Asmāʾ, on the authority of Nāfiʿ, on the authority of ibn ʿUmar, who said: “While I was returning from the military expedition of al-Abwāʾ, I happened to pass by some graves, when a man came out to me from a grave blazing with fire, with a chain around his neck that he was dragging, saying, ‘O servant of Allah, give me water to drink, may Allah give you water to drink!’ He said: ‘By Allah, I do not know whether he was calling me by my name or as a man says to another man, “O servant of Allah!”, when a black person came out following in his tracks, holding in his hand a bundle of thorns, saying, “O servant of Allah, do not give him water to drink, for he is a disbeliever!” He caught up with him, grabbed the end of the chain, and then struck him with that bundle of thorns; then they both plunged into the grave while I was looking at them, until it closed over them.’” And a story concerning that was narrated on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, the steward of the family of al-Zubayr, on the authority of Sālim ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar, on the authority of his father; and in the authentic reports there is sufficiency.
[215]
٢٣٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَا: ثَنَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلصَّغَانِيُّ، نَا يُونُسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ ٱلْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُخْتَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلدَّانَاجِ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، وَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ، «إِنَّ قَوْمًا يُكَذِّبُونَ بِعَذَابِ ٱلْقَبْرِ» قَالَ: «فَلَا تُجَالِسُوا أُولَٰئِكَ» وَذَكَرَ ٱلْحَدِيثَ
235. Abū ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Saʿīd informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Ṣaghānī informed us: Yūnus ibn Muḥammad informed us: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Mukhtār narrated to us on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh al-Dānāj he said: I witnessed Anas ibn Mālik – may Allah be pleased with him – when a man said to him: “O Abū Ḥamza, indeed there are people who deny the punishment of the grave.” He said: “Do not sit with those people,” and he mentioned the rest of the hadith.
٢٣٦ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَفْصٍ الْمُفَسِّرُ ﵀، بِبَغْدَادَ، أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ النَّجَّادُ قَالَ: قُرِئَ عَلَى يَحْيَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ، أَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، أَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رُزَيْقٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيَّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ لَهُ شَهْبَاءَ فَحَادَتْ بِهِ فَقَالَ: «حَادَتْ وَلَمْ تَحِدْ عَنْ كَبِيرٍ، حَادَتْ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُعَذَّبُ فِي قَبْرِهِ مِنْ أَجْلِ النَّمِيمَةِ، وَآخَرَ يُعَذَّبُ مِنَ الْغِيبَةِ»
236. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUmar ibn Ḥafṣ al-Mufassir – may Allah have mercy on him – informed us in Baghdād: Aḥmad ibn Salmān al-Najjād informed us: It was read to Yaḥyā ibn Jaʿfar while I was listening: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAṭāʾ informed us: Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿArūba informed us on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ruzayq, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, meaning ibn Abī al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – was riding a grey mule of his, and it veered away with him, so he said: “It veered, but it did not veer away from anything formidable; it veered away from a man who is being punished in his grave because of talebearing, and another who is being punished because of backbiting.”
٢٣٧ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْشَرٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ يَعْنِي النَّخَعِيَّ، أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ، كَانَا يُعَذَّبَانِ فِي قُبُورِهِمَا فَشَكَى ذَٰلِكَ جِيرَانُهُمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ ٱللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «خُذُوا كُرْبَتَيْنِ وَٱجْعَلُوهُمَا فِي قُبُورِهِمَا يُرَفَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ٱلْعَذَابُ مَا لَمْ يَيْبَسَا» قَالَ: فَسُئِلَ فِيمَا عُذِّبَا قَالَ: «فِي ٱلنَّمِيمَةِ وَٱلْبَوْلِ»
237. And by his chain of transmission, he said: Saʿīd informed us on the authority of Abū Maʿshar, on the authority of Ibrāhīm – meaning al-Nakhaʿī – that two men were being punished in their graves, and their neighbors complained about that to the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: “Take two palm branches and place them on their graves; the punishment will be eased for them as long as they do not dry up.” He said: And he was asked about what they were being punished for, and he said: “For talebearing and urine.”
٢٣٨ - وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ: أَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: «عَذَابُ ٱلْقَبْرِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَثْلَاثٍ، ثُلُثٌ مِنَ ٱلْغِيبَةِ، وَثُلُثٌ مِنَ ٱلنَّمِيمَةِ، وَثُلُثٌ مِنَ ٱلْبَوْلِ»
238. And by his chain of transmission: Saʿīd informed us on the authority of Qatāda: “The punishment of the grave consists of three thirds: one third from backbiting, one third from talebearing, and one third from urine.”
٢٣٩ - حَدَّثَنَاهُ مَرْفُوعًا أَبُو حَازِمٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ ٱلْعَبَّادِيُّ ٱلْحَافِظُ، أَنَا أَبُو حَامِدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَسْنَوَيْهِ ٱلْفَقِيهُ بِهَرَاةَ، ثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَبْدُ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قُرَيْشٍ ٱلْهَرَوِيُّ، ثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ وَابِصٍ ٱلطَّالَقَانِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو مُطِيعٍ، ثَنَا مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ ٱلْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: «إِنَّ عَذَابَ ٱلْقَبْرِ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ: مِنَ ٱلْغِيبَةِ وَٱلنَّمِيمَةِ وَٱلْبَوْلِ، وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَذَٰلِكَ» ٱلصَّحِيحُ رِوَايَةُ ٱبْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ، وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا مَعْنَاهُ فِي ٱلْأَحَادِيثِ ٱلثَّابِتَةِ فِيمَا تَقَدَّمَ
239. Abū Ḥāzim ʿUmar ibn Aḥmad al-ʿAbbādī al-Ḥāfiẓ narrated it to us as a
marfūʿ report, Abū Ḥāmid Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥasnawayh al-Faqīh informed us in Herat: Abū Nuʿaym ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Quraysh al-Harawī narrated to us: Mālik ibn Wābiṣ al-Ṭālaqānī narrated to us: Abū Muṭīʿ narrated to us: Muqātil ibn Ḥayyān narrated to us on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyib, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: “
Indeed, the punishment of the grave is from three: from backbiting, talebearing, and urine, so beware of those.” The
ṣaḥīḥ is the narration of ibn Abī ʿArūba, on the authority of Qatāda as his own saying, and we have already narrated its meaning in the established hadiths previously.
[216]
٢٤٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْحَافِظُ، نَا أَبُو ٱلْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، نَا ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، نَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، نَا أَبُو عَقِيلٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ ٱللَّهِ بْنِ ٱلشِّخِّيرِ قَالَ: «بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ يَسِيرُ فِي أَرْضٍ إِذِ ٱنْتَهَى إِلَى قَبْرٍ فَسَمِعَ صَاحِبَهُ يَقُولُ: آهٍ آهٍ، فَقَامَ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ قَالَ: فَضَحَكَ عَمَلُكَ وَٱفْتُضِحْتَ»
240. Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-ʿAbbās ibn Muḥammad narrated to us: Muslim ibn Ibrāhīm narrated to us: Abū ʿAqīl narrated to us on the authority of Yazīd ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Shikhkhīr, who said: “While a man was traveling through a land, he came upon a grave and heard its occupant saying, ‘Ah! Ah!’ So he stood over his grave and said, ‘Your deeds have exposed you, and you have been put to shame!’”
Notes
[203] Lit., “the yellow and the white”
↩ [204] Recorded in
al-Mustadrak ʿalā al-Ṣaḥīḥayn, no. 4515.
↩ [205] Recorded in
Sunan al-Tirmidhi, no. 2308;
Sunan ibn Majah, no. 4267. Graded
hasan gharīb by al-Tirmidhī.
↩ [206] Recorded in
Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 3355. Graded
gharīb by al-Tirmidhī.
↩ [207] Recorded in
al-Muṣannaf ibn Abī Shayba, no. 12047 with slight variations in both its chain and wording.
↩ [208] Recorded in
al-Muṣannaf ibn Abī Shayba, no. 12047
↩ [209] This is a literal instruction to dig the physical grave deep enough to protect the body from scavengers and securely contain odor. While the narrator here references the route of ʿĀṣim, a matching version of these full deathbed instructions from Abū Mūsā can be found via an alternate chain in
Musnad Aḥmad (no. 19547), in which he explicitly forbids walking slowly with his funeral procession, carrying an incense burner behind his body, placing any barrier between his corpse and the bare earth, erecting a structure over his grave, or engaging in pre-Islamic loud wailing and mourning practices. Recorded by ibn Saʿd in
al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā, 4/109.
↩ [211] Recorded in
al-Muṣannaf ibn Abī Shayba, no. 34817. The chain in
al-Muṣannaf reads “ʿĀṣim, on the authority of Shaqīq” [i.e., Abū Wāʾil Shaqīq ibn Salama], indicating that “Sufyān” in al-Bayhaqī’s text is a scribal misreading (
taṣḥīf) of “Shaqīq.”
↩ [210] Though
burhān standardly denotes a "decisive proof" (
bayān al-ḥujja), its usage here as an attribute of the face (
wa-wajhuhu burhān) draws on its underlying root sense (
b-r-h) of physical purity, whiteness, and brilliant gleam (
barīq min ṣafāʾihā; cf.
Lisān al-ʿArab), signifying bright radiance rather than an abstract argument.
↩ [212] Recorded in
al-Zuhd by Ibn al-Mubarak, no. 1590.
↩ [213] Recorded in
al-Muṣannaf Ibn Abī Shayba, no. 34749.
↩ [214] Recorded in al-Ṭabarī,
Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āy al-Qurʾān, 13:667.
↩ [215] Recorded in Muʿjam Shuyūkh Ibn al-Aʿrābī by Ibn al-Aʿrābī, no. 1381.
↩ [216] Recorded by al-Bayhaqī explicitly to highlight its defect. As al-Bayhaqī notes, elevating this statement to the Prophet ﷺ is an error, and the correct transmission is the
mawqūf statement of Qatāda in no. 238.
↩