Based on the standard system of the International Journal of Middle East Studies (IJMES)
Chapter 1 of 46
Symbols and Abbreviations
Ligatures representing traditional honorifics and abbreviations used in the text and notes
Chapter 2 of 46
al-Bayhaqī: A Short Introduction
Chapter 3 of 46
Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Mūsā al-Khusrawjirdī al-Khurāsānī, famously known as al-Bayhaqī, was a towering figure in Islamic scholarship, recognized as a Ḥāfiẓ (master of Hadith), ʿAllāma (polymath), and Shaykh al-Islām. Born in the month of Shaʿbān in the year 384 AH, he hailed from Bayhaq, a region comprising several villages near Nīshāpūr in Khurāsān. His scholarly journey began at the young age of fifteen, when he started hearing ḥadīth from prominent teachers like Abū al-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-ʿAlawī. He became the most distinguished student of the famous Hadith authority al-Ḥākim, under whom he studied extensively and graduated. His quest for knowledge led him to travel widely, visiting Iraq, the mountainous regions of al-Jibāl, and the Ḥijāz, while learning from a vast array of masters in cities like Baghdād, Mecca, and Kūfa.
Al-Bayhaqī was a master who seamlessly combined the sciences of Ḥadīth and Fiqh, possessing a profound understanding of ḥadīth defects (ʿilal) and the methods of reconciling seemingly contradictory reports. He studied classical theology and Ashʿarī creed directly under the legendary master Imam Abū Bakr ibn Fūrak (d. 406 AH). His literary output was staggering, with his writings totaling nearly one thousand parts, a feat unmatched by his contemporaries. Among his most significant works is al-Sunan al-Kubrā, a ten-volume masterpiece that stands unique in its field. His other notable contributions include al-Sunan wa-l-Āthār, al-Asmāʾ wa-l-Ṣifāt, Dalāʾil al-Nubuwwa, and Shuʿab al-Īmān. Such was the caliber of his work that the Imām al-Ḥaramayn al-Juwaynī remarked that while every Shāfiʿī jurist is indebted to Imam al-Shāfiʿī, Imam al-Shāfiʿī is indebted to al-Bayhaqī for his tireless efforts in supporting and documenting the Shāfiʿī school of thought. His dedication to the Shāfiʿī madhhab was so deep that contemporary scholars noted he was capable of establishing his own independent school (mujtahid) had he wished, and al-Subkī remarked that al-Bayhaqī’s writings effectively "closed the door on all who came after him" as no one could ever match his legal-hadith compilations.
Beyond his academic brilliance, al-Bayhaqī was celebrated for his piety, profound asceticism (zuhd), and contentment with very little. In an extraordinary display of lifelong devotion, he fasted continuously for the final thirty years of his life. He spent much of his life in seclusion in his home village, devoted entirely to compiling his books. However, his reputation was such that the leading scholars of his time urged him to move to Nīshāpūr to share his knowledge. He did so in 441 AH, where he held sessions to teach his book al-Maʿrifa, drawing large crowds of students and scholars. The spiritual status of his work was highlighted by several contemporary accounts of dreams; in one instance, a righteous companion dreamt of Imam al-Shāfiʿī himself reading al-Bayhaqī’s manuscripts and expressing his benefit from them. In another famous account, the ascetic master Abū Bakr al-Marwazī witnessed a dream depicting a luminous chest (tābūt) rising to the heavens, which was interpreted as a symbol of the divine acceptance and high standing of al-Bayhaqī’s compilations.
In his final years, al-Bayhaqī returned to Nīshāpūr one last time to teach, and it was there that he eventually fell ill. He passed away on the 10th of Jumādā al-Ūlā in 458 AH at the age of seventy-four. After his death, he was washed, shrouded, and transported in a coffin to be buried in his native Bayhaq, specifically in the district of Khusrawjird. He left behind a legacy carried on by his son Ismāʿīl, his grandson Abū al-Ḥasan, and a long list of students who continued to transmit his vast body of work across the Islamic world.
Introduction to the Translation
Chapter 4 of 46
Presented here is an English translation of al-Arbaʿūn al-Sughrā (The Lesser Forty [Hadiths]), a classical compendium of prophetic traditions compiled by Imam al-Bayhaqī. While forty-hadith collections (arbaʿīniyyāt) historically served various theological or legal purposes, al-Bayhaqī’s objective in this specific work is fundamentally ethical and behavioral. As the author notes in his own introduction, the compendium was compiled to serve as a practical, concise guide for the "scholars of Hadith" (aṣḥāb al-ḥadīth), providing them with a spiritual and moral framework to implement in their daily conduct and worship.
The historical authenticity of al-Arbaʿūn al-Sughrā and its direct attribution to al-Bayhaqī are exceptionally well-established within the Islamic scholarly tradition, enjoying a robust chain of transmission across centuries. Al-Dhahabī (d. 748 AH) explicitly confirms al-Bayhaqī’s authorship of the text in his monumental biographical dictionary, Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ, noting that the text was a core component of the auditory registry of scholars such as Abū al-Makārim al-Nūqānī. Furthermore, al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (d. 852 AH) systematically cataloged al-Arbaʿūn al-Sughrā among the verified texts he received via direct auditory transmission from his own instructors, recording it in his al-Muʿjam al-Mufahras (entry no. 917). Similarly, ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Subkī (d. 771 AH) utilized the spiritual and ethical insights of the text, integrating its contents into his biographical encyclopedia, Ṭabaqāt al-Shāfiʿiyyah al-Kubrā.
In modern print history, the text has seen two primary critical editions that have brought it to contemporary readers. The first, edited by Muḥammad al-Saʿīd bin Basyūnī Zaghlūl, was published by Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah in Beirut in 1407 AH under the expanded title al-Arbaʿūn al-Sughrā al-Mukhraja fī Aḥwāl ʿIbād Allāh Taʿālā wa-Akhlāqihim. The second edition – upon which the pagination of this translation is based – was edited by the modern Hadith scholar Abū Isḥāq al-Ḥuwaynī al-Atharī and published by Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī in Beirut in 1408 AH (1988 CE), comprising 176 pages.
The book comprises 125 narrated traditions organized into forty distinct thematic chapters. Al-Bayhaqī establishes a deliberate pedagogical arc, beginning with the foundational theological prerequisite of absolute monotheism (tawḥīd), moving immediately into universal spiritual rectifications – namely repentance (tawba) and the resolution of grievances with adversaries – and then systematically exploring social and personal ethics. These topics include avoiding corrupt company, guarding the gaze, remaining steadfast (istiqāma), and maintaining focus on divine remembrance. The compendium culminates in a call to action, charging the believer to actively practice the virtues detailed across the preceding sections.
Methodologically, the text showcases al-Bayhaqī’s precision in Hadith science. For each tradition, he provides the direct chain of transmission (isnād), aggregates multiple pathways, and cross-references them with the Six Canonical Books (al-Kutub al-Sitta) at their points of intersection. To maintain brevity, he records the core text (matn) only once, utilizing standard shorthand – such as bi-mithlihi (likewise) or bi-maʿnāhu (with its meaning) – for parallel chains. Where a narration requires linguistic clarification, he concludes by defining rare or obscure terminology (gharīb al-alfāẓ). Ultimately, this volume serves not only as a treasury of Imam al-Bayhaqī’s enduring ethical guidance, but as a window into the meticulous scholarly framework that has anchored it for nearly a millennium.
Praise belongs to Allah, as is His due, and blessings be upon the best of His creation, Muḥammad, the Chosen Prophet and the Selected Messenger, and upon his family, whenever those who remember mention him, or the heedless neglect his remembrance.
Praise belongs to Allah, Who established the proof of His Oneness, and then of the truthfulness of our Prophet Muḥammad – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – in his claim to messengership and in what he left among his community, whereby he called His servants to His worship, guided whom He willed among them to respond to Him, and clarified upon his tongue what must be known to uphold His sacred law.
The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – urged his companions to preserve his sunna, and then to convey it to those of his community who would come after him, so that they would be upon sure knowledge of what was required of them in practicing obedience to him and avoiding disobedience to him. He used to say at the end of his sermon: “O Allah, have I conveyed?” They would say: “Yes.” Thereupon he would say: “Lo! Let the witness convey to the absent, for perhaps some of those to whom it is conveyed will be more retentive of it than some of those who heard it.” And he would sometimes say: “For many a person conveyed to is more retentive than a hearer.”[1]
Hadith 1: And he would say, as reported to us by the teacher, Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Fūrak: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar al-Aṣbahānī informed us: Yūnus ibn Ḥabīb narrated to us: Abū Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of ʿUmar ibn Sulaymān, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abān, on the authority of his father, who said: I heard Zayd ibn Thābit – may Allah be pleased with him – saying: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – saying: "May Allah make radiant [the face of] a person who hears a hadith from us and memorizes it and then conveys it to another. For many a carrier of fiqh[128] conveys it to one who is more understanding than him, and many a carrier of fiqh is not a faqīh. There are three things towards which the heart of a Muslim does not harbor malice: sincerity of action for Allah, offering sincere counsel to the leaders of the affair, and adhering to the congregation, for indeed, their supplication encompasses them from behind."[129] It was narrated by Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī in his book al-Sunan in an abridged form. It was also narrated by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd, on the authority of his father, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace. The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – encouraged his community to seek knowledge, and informed us of the merit contained therein, saying:
Hadith 2: Al Ḥākim Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAffān al-ʿĀmirī narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Numayr narrated to us: on the authority of al-Aʿmash: on the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ: on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Whoever treads a path seeking knowledge, Allah will facilitate for him a path to Paradise. No people gather in a mosque from among the mosques of Allah, reciting the Book of Allah – the Mighty and Sublime – and studying it among themselves, except that tranquility descends upon them, mercy envelops them, the angels surround them, and Allah mentions them among those in His presence. And whoever is slowed by his deeds will not be advanced by his lineage.” Narrated by Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Numayr, on the authority of his father.[3]
Hadith 3: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Qāḍī, and Abū Ṣādiq Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī ʾl-Fawāris al-ʿAṭṭār informed us: They said: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn Marzūq narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Dāwūd al-Khuraybī narrated to us on the authority of ʿĀṣim ibn Rajāʾ ibn Ḥaywa, on the authority of Dāwūd ibn Jamīl, on the authority of Kathīr ibn Qays who said: I was sitting with Abū ʾl-Dardāʾ in the mosque of Damascus. A man came to him and said, "O Abā ʾl-Dardāʾ, I have come to you from the city of the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – for a hadith that has reached me which you narrate from the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace." He said, "And you have not come for any other need?" He said, "No." He said, "Nor for trade?" He said, "No." He said, "And you have not come except for this hadith?" He said, "Yes." He said, "Indeed, I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say: 'Whosoever traverses a path seeking knowledge, Allah will guide him along a path from the paths of Paradise. Indeed, the angels lower their wings in approval of the seeker of knowledge. And indeed, everyone in the heavens and everyone on the earth seeks forgiveness for the scholar, even the fish in the depths of the water. The superiority of the scholar over the worshipper is like the superiority of the moon on the night of the full moon over the rest of the stars. Indeed, the scholars are the heirs of the Prophets. The Prophets did not leave behind dirhams or dinars; rather, they left behind knowledge. Whoever takes it has taken an abundant share.'"[131]
This is a hadith transmitted by Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī in his book on the authority of Musaddad, on the authority of al-Khuraybī; and he narrated it from another route on the authority of ʿUthmān ibn Abī Sawda, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Dardāʾ with the same meaning. The hadiths that have been narrated regarding the merit of knowledge and its pursuit, and the preservation of the sunna and its transmission, are numerous and they are compiled within my detailed works. Included within this meaning is what has been recorded with flimsy chains of transmission on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – that he said: “Whoever preserves for my community forty hadiths by which they benefit, Allah shall raise him on the Day of Resurrection as a jurist and a scholar.”[5]
I have extracted from the hadiths those that are essential for the companions of hadith to know, in terms of what must be believed in the heart, uttered by the tongue, and practiced by the limbs – matters which have become their distinguishing mark wherever they may be throughout the lands. I have compiled these hadiths into forty chapters, as far as it was feasible to do so. I seek the guidance of Allah in extracting some of the hadiths that they need to know for practical purposes in their daily lives and moral conduct, and I have compiled these into forty chapters as well. This is intended to be a guide for them in matters that they must know in order to worship Allah, in addition to what was previously mentioned in the forty hadiths that I extracted to explain the principles of the religion of Allah. I seek the assistance of Allah, the Mighty and the Generous, in applying what He has taught me, and I ask Him to grant me an increase in virtue and to forgive me for my shortcomings in fulfilling my obligations. I declare my powerlessness and weakness before Him, for there is no power or strength except with Allah, the Exalted and the Great.
Notes
[1] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1741, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 1679. ↩
[128] Here, fiqh carries its classical meaning of "deep comprehension or insight," rather than its later technical meaning of formal Islamic jurisprudence. ↩
[129] Recorded in Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 2658, and Sunan Ibn Mājah, no. 230. Graded ṣaḥīḥ by al-Albānī. ↩
Hadith 4: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Shaybānī al-Ḥāfiẓ narrated to us by way of dictation: Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Saʿdī narrated to us: Yazīd ibn Hārūn narrated to us: Abū Mālik al-Ashjaʿī narrated to us on the authority of his father who said: I heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say: "Whoever declares Allah as One and disbelieves in what is worshiped besides Allah, his wealth and blood become sacred, and his reckoning rests with Allah." Narrated by Muslim on the authority of Zuhayr ibn Ḥarb, on the authority of Yazīd ibn Hārūn.[6]
Hadith 5: Abū Ṭāhir Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Maḥmash al-Faqīh informed us: Abū Ḥāmid ibn Bilāl al-Bazzār informed us: Aḥmad ibn Manṣūr al-Marwazī narrated to us: al-Naḍr ibn Shumayl narrated to us: Shuʿba informed us on the authority of Abī Isḥāq who said: I heard ʿAmr ibn Maymūn [saying], on the authority of Muʿādh ibn Jabal: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "What is the right of Allah, Exalted is He, upon the servants?" He said, "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said, "That they worship Him and not associate anything with Him." He said, "And what is their right upon Allah if they do that?" He said, "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said, "That He forgive them and not punish them."[7]
Hadith 6: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn Ziyād narrated to us: Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba narrated to us: Abū ʾl-Aḥwaṣ narrated to us: on the authority of Abū Isḥāq: and he cited the aforementioned tradition with its chain of transmission and its meaning. Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm al-Ḥanẓalī, on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Ādam, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Aḥwaṣ; and Narrated by Muslim on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba.[8]
Hadith 7: The teacher Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Fūrak informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar informed us: Yūnus ibn Ḥabīb narrated to us: Abū Dāwūd narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us: ʿAmr, who is the son of Murra, informed me that he heard Abū Burda narrate that he heard a man from Juhayna, called al-Agharr, narrate on the authority of ibn ʿUmar that he heard the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say: “O people, turn in repentance to your Lord, for indeed, I turn back to him one hundred times in a day.” Narrated by Muslim on the authority of Muḥammad ibn al-Muthannā, on the authority of Abū Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī.[9]
Hadith 8: Sayyid Abū ʾl-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Dāwūd al-ʿAlawī narrated to us: Abū ʾl-Qāsim ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Bālawayh al-Muzakkī informed us: Abū Ṭāhir al-Faqīh and Abū Yaʿlā Ḥamza ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Ṣaydalanī informed us. They said: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Qaṭṭān narrated to us. They said: Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf al-Sulamī narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated to us: Maʿmar narrated to us on the authority of Hammām ibn Munabbih, who said: This is what Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – narrated to us. He said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: "Would any of you be delighted if his mount were to stray from him and then he found it?" They said, "Yes, O Messenger of Allah." He said, "By the One in Whose Hand Muḥammad’s soul lies, Allah is more delighted with the repentance of His servant when he repents than one of you would be upon finding his mount." Narrated by Muslim on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Rāfiʿ on the authority of ʿAbd al-Razzāq, and transmitted by al-Bukhārī and Muslim from the hadith of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd and Anas ibn Mālik on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and transmitted by Muslim from the hadith of al-Nuʿmān ibn Bashīr and al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace. The Shaykh said, "His saying, 'Allah is more delighted' means that Allah is more pleased with repentance and accepting of it. Delight (al-faraḥ) may sometimes carry the meaning of pleasure (al-riḍā). Allah Most High said, 'Every faction, with what it has, is delighted,' – that is pleased with it." [10]
Hadith 9: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-Naḍr al-Faqīh informed us: Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb narrated to us: Abū ʾl-Walīd al-Ṭayālisī informed us: Hammām ibn Yaḥyā narrated to us. He said: I heard Isḥāq ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abū Ṭalḥa say: I heard ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abū ʿAmra say: I heard Abū Hurayra say: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say: “A servant committed a sin so he said, ‘O Lord, I have committed a sin so forgive it for me.’ His Lord responded, ‘My servant knows that he has a Lord who forgives sin and also holds accountable for sin.’ So He forgave him. Then he [the servant] tarried [without committing sin] for as long as Allah willed and then committed another sin.” – [Abū Hurayra said:] He might have said, “He perpetrated (adhnaba) another sin.” – “So he said, ‘O Lord, I have committed another sin so forgive it for me.’ His Lord responded, ‘My servant knows that he has a Lord who forgives sin and also holds accountable for sin.’ So He forgave him. Then he [the servant] tarried for as long as Allah willed and then committed another sin.” – He might have said, “He perpetrated another sin.” – “So he said, ‘O Lord, I have committed another sin so forgive it for me.’ His Lord responded, ‘My servant knows that he has a Lord who forgives sin and also holds accountable for sin. I have forgiven My servant, let him do as he wishes.’” Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq on the authority of ʿAmr ibn ʿĀṣim on the authority Hammām. Narrated by Muslim on the authority of ʿAbd ibn Ḥumayd on the authority of Abū ʾl-Walīd.[11]
Hadith 10: Abū ʾl-Qāsim ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Ḥuraqī informed us in Baghdad: Ḥabīb ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Dāwūd al-Qazzāz narrated to us: Abū Bakr ʿUmar ibn Ḥafṣ ibn ʿUmar ibn Yazīd al-Sadūsī narrated to us: ʿĀṣim ibn ʿAlī narrated to us: Ibn Abī Dhiʾb narrated to us on the authority of al-Maqburī, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – on the authority of the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: "Whoever has committed a wrongdoing against his brother regarding his honor or his wealth, let him seek to be absolved of it before [the Day] it is taken from him when there will be neither dīnār nor dirham. If he has good deeds, they will be taken from him in proportion to his wrongdoing. And if he has no good deeds, some of his companion's (claimant's) misdeeds will be taken and cast upon him." Narrated by al-Bukhārī from Ādam ibn Abī Iyās, on the authority of ibn Abī Dhiʾb.[12]
Hadith 11: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Muḥammad ibn Mūsā ibn al-Faḍl informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Ḥārithī narrated to us: Abū Usāma narrated to us on the authority of Burayd, on the authority of Abī Burda, on the authority of Abū Mūsā, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said, "The likeness of a righteous companion and an evil companion is that of the seller of musk and the blower of the bellows. As for the seller of musk, he may either give you some as a gift, or you may buy from him, or you will at least perceive a pleasant fragrance from him. As for the blower of the bellows, he will either burn your clothes, or you will perceive a foul odor from him." Narrated by al-Bukhārī and Muslim on the authority of Abū Kurayb, on the authority of Abū Usāma.[13]
Notes
[13] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 5534, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2628. ↩
Hadith 12: Abū Ṭāhir al-Faqīh informed us: Abū Ṭāhir Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Muḥammadābādī narrated to us: Abū Qilāba narrated to us: Abū ʿĀmir narrated to us: Zuhayr ibn Muḥammad narrated to us: [al-Bayhaqī relates a separate chain.] And Abū Ṭāhir informed us, and this wording is from his ḥadīth: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Faḥḥām narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā narrated to us: Mūsā ibn Masʿūd narrated to us: Zuhayr ibn Muḥammad narrated to us on the authority of Zayd ibn Aslam, on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ ibn Yasār, on the authority of Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Beware of sitting by the roads.” They said, “O Messenger of Allah, we have no choice but to sit there as we converse there.” So the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “If you insist on gathering, then give the road its right.” They said, “And what is the right of the road?” He said, “Lowering the gaze, refraining from harm, returning the greeting of peace, commanding the good, and forbidding the evil.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad, on the authority of Abū ʿĀmir, and transmitted by Muslim from the ḥadīth of Hishām ibn Saʿd, on the authority of Zayd ibn Aslam.[14]
Hadith 13: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam narrated to us: Ibn Wahb informed us: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Shurayḥ informed us on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Sumayr – Shaykh Aḥmad [i.e., al-Bayhaqī] said: this is how Ibn Wahb stated it, with an undotted sīn, and others said with a shīn dotted – on the authority of Abū ʿAlī al-Janbī, on the authority of Abū Rayḥāna, who said: We set out on an expedition with the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He mentioned the hadith and said: Then the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “The Fire is forbidden to an eye that wept out of fear of Allah. The Fire is forbidden to an eye that remained vigilant in the way of Allah.” He said: I forgot the third. Ibn Shurayḥ, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Shurayḥ to be specific, said: I heard him saying later: “The Fire is forbidden to an eye that had shunned the prohibitions of Allah or an eye that was gouged in the way of Allah.”[15]
Hadith 14: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh narrated to us: Abū ʿĀsim informed us on the authority of ibn Jurayj, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Zubayr who heard Jābir state that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: "The Muslim is he from whose tongue and hand other Muslims are secure." Narrated by Muslim, on the authority of al-Ḥulwānī and ʿAbd ibn Ḥumayd, both of whom transmitted it from Abū ʿĀsim. Narrated by al-Bukhārī as part of the ḥadīth of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr.[16]
Hadith 15: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Bishrān al-Muʿaddil informed us in Baghdad: Ismāʿīl ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣaffār informed us: Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā ibn Asad narrated to us: [al-Bayhaqī relates a separate chain.] Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yaḥyā ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār al-Sukkarī informed us in Baghdad: Ismāʿīl ibn Muḥammad informed us: Saʿdān ibn Naṣr narrated to us: Both of them said: Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna narrated to us on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, on the authority of Nāfiʿ ibn Jubayr ibn Muṭʿim, on the authority of Abū Shurayḥ al-Khuzāʿī, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: "Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should be generous to his guest. Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should behave kindly towards his neighbor. Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should speak what is good or remain silent." And in the transmission of Zakariyyā, “Or remain quiet.” Narrated by Muslim from Zuhayr ibn Ḥarb and Ibn Numayr from Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna. al-Bukhārī and Muslim transmitted it from the hadith of al-Maqburī on the authority of Abū Shurayḥ.[17]
Notes
[14] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 2465, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2121. ↩
[15] Recorded by al-Ṭabarānī in al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr,no. 1003. Graded ḥasan by al-Albānī due to corroborating chains; see Silsilat al-Aḥadīth al-Ṣaḥīḥa, 6/376. ↩
[16] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 10; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 41. ↩
[17] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6019; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 48. ↩
Hadith 16: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Maḥbūbī informed us in Merv: Saʿīd ibn Masʿūd narrated to us: al-Naḍr ibn Shumayl narrated to us: Shuʿba ibn al-Ḥajjāj informed us on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr, who said: I heard Abū Salama say on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “The truest verse uttered by the poets is [in the ṭawīl meter]: ‘Indeed, everything save Allah is vanity.’” Both of them transmitted it in the Ṣaḥīḥ collections on the authority of Abū Mūsā, on the authority of Ghundar, on the authority of Shuʿba.[18]
Hadith 17: Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf al-Aṣbahānī informed us: Abū Saʿīd ibn al-Aʿrābī informed us: Saʿdān ibn Naṣr narrated to us: Abū Muʿāwiya narrated to us on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – had a marked woolen garment (khamīṣa), which he gave to Abū Jahm and took from him a plain woolen garment (al-anbijāniyya). They said, “O Messenger of Allah, the marked woolen garment is better than the plain one.” He replied, “I was looking at its markings during the prayer.” Muslim narrated it in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba, on the authority of Wakīʿ, on the authority of Hishām. Both al-Bukhārī and Muslim transmitted it from the hadith of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of ʿUrwa. In the report of Yūnus ibn Yazīd on the authority of al-Zuhrī, it states: “For it distracted me during my prayer.” ʿAlqama ibn Abī ʿAlqama narrated it on the authority of his mother, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha, and mentioned therein: “For I looked at its markings during the prayer and it nearly diverted my focus.”[19]
Hadith 18: Abū Ṭāhir al-Faqīh informed us: Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Qaṭṭān informed us: Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf al-Sulamī narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated to us: Maʿmar informed us on the authority of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Part of the excellence of a person’s Islam is his leaving aside that which does not concern him.” He [al-Bayhaqī] said: And Aḥmad narrated to us: Abū Nuʿaym narrated to us: Mālik narrated to us – as well as Yaḥyā ibn Yaḥyā, al-Qaʿnabī, and Ibn Abī Uways, who [all] narrated to us on the authority of Mālik, on the authority of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allāh bless him and grant him peace – with a similar narration. This [tradition] is what is correct as a mursal narration. [20]
Hadith 19: Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad al-Rūzbārī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Faqīh al-Ṭūsī, Abū ʾl-Qāsim ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥasan al-Ṭahmānī, and Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Rajāʾ al-Adīb informed us; they said: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Al-ʿAbbās ibn al-Walīd ibn Mazyad narrated to us: My father narrated to us: Al-Awzāʿī narrated to us: Qurra ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān narrated to me on the authority of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of Abū Salama, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Part of the excellence of a person’s Islam is his leaving aside that which does not concern him.”[21]
Notes
[18] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6147, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2256. ↩
[19] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 373, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 556. ↩
[20] Recorded in Jāmiʿ al-Tirmidhī, no. 2317; Sunan Ibn Mājah, no. 3976. Graded ṣaḥīḥ by al-Albānī. ↩
[21] Recorded in Jāmiʿ al-Tirmidhī, no. 2317; Sunan Ibn Mājah, no. 3976. Graded ṣaḥīḥ by al-Albānī. ↩
Hadith 20: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn Abī Ṭālib narrated to us: Isḥāq narrated to us: [al-Bayhaqī relates a separate chain.] Abū Ṣāliḥ ibn Abī Ṭāhir al-ʿAnbarī, the son of the daughter of Yaḥyā ibn Manṣūr al-Qāḍī, informed us: My grandfather, Yaḥyā ibn Manṣūr, informed us: Aḥmad ibn Salama narrated to us: Isḥāq narrated to us: Jarīr narrated to us on the authority of Hishām, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Sufyān ibn ʿAbd Allāh, who said: I said, “O Messenger of Allah, tell me something about Islam that will leave me with no need to ask anyone else after you.”[22] He said: “Say, 'I have believed in Allah, then remain steadfast.'” Muslim narrated it on the authority of Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm.[23]
Hadith 21: Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Muʾammal informed us: Abū ʿUthmān ʿAmr ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Baṣrī narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Farrāʾ narrated to us: Yaʿlā ibn ʿUbayd narrated to us: al-Aʿmash narrated to us on the authority of Sālim – meaning ibn Abī ʾl-Jaʿd – on the authority of Thawbān, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Be upright – though you will not be able to perfectly fulfill [its full measure] – and know that the best of your deeds is prayer and that none but a believer maintains ablution.” Layth ibn Abī Sulaym also narrated it on the authority of Mujāhid: on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr: on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – in this manner.[24]
Hadith 22: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Khushaysh al-Muqrī informed us of it in Kufa: Abū Jaʿfar ibn Duḥaym narrated to us by way of dictation: Abū ʿAmr Aḥmad ibn Ḥāzim ibn Abī Gharaza informed us: ʿUbayd Allah ibn Mūsā informed us: Shaybān informed us: on the authority of Layth, and he cited the aforementioned tradition.
Hadith 23: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ibn Bishrān informed us: Abū Jaʿfar al-Razzāz informed us: ʿĪsā ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ṭayālisī narrated to us: Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Muqriʾ narrated to us: Kahmas ibn al-Ḥasan narrated to us, saying: I heard ʿAbd Allāh ibn Burayda narrate on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Yaʿmur, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar, on the authority of his father, regarding the hadith of faith: The man said, “O Muḥammad, tell me about Islam. What is Islam?” The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said, “Islam is to testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muḥammad is His servant and Messenger, to establish prayer, to give the zakāt, to fast the month of Ramadan, and to make pilgrimage to the House if you are able to find a way.” The man said, “You have spoken the truth.” Then he said, “O Muḥammad, tell me about faith. What is faith?” He replied, “Faith is that you believe in Allah, His angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day, and the divine decree in its totality, both the good and bad of it.” He said, “You have spoken the truth.” Then he said, “Tell me about excellence (iḥsān). What is excellence?” He replied, “Excellence is that you worship Allah as if you see Him. For if you do not see Him, He sees you.” And he mentioned the remainder of the hadith. Muslim transmitted the hadith through multiple chains on the authority of Kahmas, and both al-Bukhārī and Muslim transmitted it on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace.[25]
Hadith 24: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Yazīd ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Ṣamad al-Dimashqī narrated to us: Nuʿaym ibn Ḥammād narrated to us: ʿUthmān ibn Kathīr ibn Dīnār narrated to us on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Muhājir, on the authority of ʿUrwa ibn Ruwaym al-Lakhmī, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ghanm, on the authority of ʿUbāda ibn al-Ṣāmit, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said, “Indeed, among the best of a person’s faith is to know that Allah is with him wherever he may be.” Shaykh Aḥmad said, “That is, Allah is with him through His knowledge.”[26]
[26] Recorded by al-Ṭabarānī in al-Muʿjam al-Awsaṭ, no. 8796 (with a slight textual variant: “Indeed, the best of faith...”). Al-Ṭabarānī notes that this chain is unique (tafarrud), running solely through the transmitters Muḥammad ibn Muhājir and ʿUthmān ibn Kathīr from ʿUrwa ibn Ruwaym. ↩
Hadith 25: The Sayyid, Abū ʾl-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Dāwūd al-ʿAlawī informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Sharqī informed us: Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā al-Dhuhlī narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Mahdī narrated to us on the authority of Mālik ibn Anas, on the authority of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of Sālim, on the authority of ibn ʿUmar, that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – passed by a man who was admonishing his brother regarding shame, and said: “Leave him alone, for shame is a part of faith.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī from ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf, from Mālik, and transmitted by Muslim from the ḥadīth of ibn ʿUyayna and Maʿmar, on the authority of al-Zuhrī.[27]
Hadith 26: Muslim extracted the hadith of ʿImrān ibn Ḥuṣayn, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace –: “Shame is good in its entirety, and shame does not bring about except good.”[28]
Hadith 27: Abū Muḥammad Janāḥ ibn Naḍīr ibn Janāḥ, the judge in Kufa, informed us: Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Duḥaym narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn Ḥāzim ibn Abī Gharaza narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd narrated to us: Abān ibn Isḥāq narrated to us on the authority of al-Ṣabbāḥ ibn Muḥammad, on the authority of Murra al-Hamdānī, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Have shame before Allah, the shame due to Him.” They said: “We do feel shame [before Allah], O Messenger of Allah, and praise be to Allah.” He said: “That is not what I mean. Rather, the one who truly feels shame before Allah should guard the head and what it holds, and the belly and what it encloses, and should remember death and decay. Whoever desires the Hereafter forsakes the adornment of the world. The one who does all of that has shown shame before Allah as He truly deserves.” And it has been narrated regarding this from Hishām, on the authority of al-Ḥasan, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – as a mursal report and it serves as a corroboration for this musnad.[29]
Notes
[27] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 24; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 36. ↩
Hadith 28: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Quraysh al-Warrāq informed me: al-Ḥasan ibn Sufyān narrated to us: Qutayba narrated to us: Yaʿqūb ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān narrated to us on the authority of ʿAmr (meaning ibn Abī ʿAmr), on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Abī Saʿīd, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say: “Allah Most High created mercy, on the day He created it, as one hundred mercies. He withheld ninety-nine portions of mercy with Him and sent one portion to all of His creation. If the disbeliever knew of all the mercy that is with Allah, he would never despair of [His] mercy. And if the believer knew of all the punishment that is with Allah, he would never feel safe from the Fire.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Qutayba ibn Saʿīd. Muslim transmitted it through another route on the authority of Abū Hurayra.[30]
Hadith 29: Sayyid Abū ʾl-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Dāwud al-ʿAlawī narrated to us: Abū Ḥāmid ibn al-Sharqī narrated to us, dictating it to us from his memory: Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā al-Dhuhlī narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Mahdī narrated to us: Sufyān narrated to us on the authority of Manṣūr and Sulaymān al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Abū Wāʾil, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh: He said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Paradise is nearer to one of you than the strap of his sandal, and likewise is the Fire.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū Ḥudhayfa, on the authority of Sufyān.[31]
Hadith 30: Suwayd ibn Saʿīd narrated on the authority of Ḥafṣ ibn Maysara, on the authority of Zayd ibn Aslam, on the authority of ibn ʿUmar that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “None will enter Paradise but the one who hopes for it. None will be distanced from the Fire except the one who fears it. And Allah only shows mercy to the one who shows mercy [to others].” The Imam, Abū ʾl-Ṭayyib Sahl ibn Muḥammad ibn Sulaymān narrated it to us: Abū ʿAmr ibn Maṭar narrated to us: al-Qāsim ibn Zakariyyā al-Muṭarriz narrated to us: Suwayd ibn Saʿīd narrated to us, and he cited the aforementioned tradition.[32]
Hadith 31: Jaʿfar ibn Sulaymān al-Ḍubaʿī narrated on the authority of Thābit, on the authority of Anas, that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – visited a man to comfort him and found him in the throes of death. He said: “How do you find yourself?” He replied, “I find myself fearing and hoping” – and in the transmission of Sayyār – he said, “I hope in Allah but I fear for my sins.” So he said, “[These two states] are not joined in the heart of a believer” – Sayyār added “in such a position” – “except that Allah gives him what he hopes for and makes him safe from what he fears.” ʿAlīibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār informed us: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Baghawī narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd narrated to us: Jaʿfar ibn Sulaymān narrated to us. [al-Bayhaqī relates a separate chain.] Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Ḥāmid the Reciter, and Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Sulamī informed us: They said: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-Khaḍir ibn Abān al-Hāshimī narrated to us: Sayyār ibn Ḥātim narrated to us: Jaʿfar ibn Sulaymān narrated to us, and they cited the aforementioned tradition with the same meaning. Thus it was narrated by Jaʿfar, and it has been narrated on the authority of Ḥammād ibn Salama, on the authority of Thābit, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – as a mursal report with the same meaning.[33]
Notes
[30] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6469, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2752. ↩
Hadith 32: Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Bisṭāmī al-Adīb informed us: Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Ismāʿīlī informed us: al-Ḥasan – who is Ibn Sufyān – informed me: al-Muqaddamī – who is Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr – narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṭufāwī narrated to us: al-Aʿmash narrated to us on the authority of Mujāhid, on the authority of ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – took ahold of my shoulder and said: “Be in the world as a stranger or as a wayfarer.” He [Mujāhid] said: Ibn ʿUmar used to say, “When you reach the morning, do not await the evening, and when you reach the evening, do not await the morning. Take from your health for your sickness, and from your life for your death.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī from ʿAlī ibn al-Madīnī, on the authority of al-Ṭufāwī.[34]
Hadith 33: Sayyid Abū ʾl-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Dāwūd al-ʿAlawī narrated to us: Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Hāshim narrated to us: Wakīʿ narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “The son of Adam grows old, yet two things remain [young] within him: greed and [extensive] hope.” The two [authorities, al-Bukhārī and Muslim] extracted it from the hadith of Shuʿba. This was issued as a censure of this habit; one ought to be as Ibn ʿUmar was commanded, and as Ibn ʿUmar advised. And with Allah is all success.[35]
Hadith 34: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Saʿd al-Ḥāfiẓ narrated to me: Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Thaqafī narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Karāma narrated to us: Khālid ibn Makhlad narrated to us on the authority of Sulaymān ibn Bilāl [who said] Sharīk ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Namir informed me on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Indeed, Allah – the Mighty and Sublime – said, “Whoever shows hostility to a friend of Mine has indeed declared war against Me. My servant does not draw near to Me with anything more beloved to Me than what I have imposed upon him. He continues to draw near to me with supererogatory acts until I love him. When I love him, I am his hearing with which he hears, his sight with which he sees, his hand with which he strikes, and his foot with which he walks. Were My servant to ask of Me, I would surely give him and were he to seek protection from Me, I would surely protect him. I have not hesitated about anything I do as I hesitate concerning the soul of a believer. He dislikes death and I dislike distressing him.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Karāma. Also narrated by ʿAbd al-Wāḥid Abū Ḥamza, the mawla of ʿUrwa, on the authority of ʿUrwa, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – with the same meaning, adding some [words] and omitting [others].[36]
His saying, “I am his hearing with which he hears” means He preserves his limbs for him from committing what He dislikes. Its meaning could also be – and Allah knows best – “I am swifter to fulfill his needs than his hearing is in listening, his sight in seeing, his hand in touching, and his foot in walking.”
His saying, “I have not hesitated about anything I do,” refers – and Allah knows best – to the repeated return of His angels to Him, or to the believer's exposure to perils during his lifetime, whereby he supplicates to Allah and is delivered until his appointed term is reached and He causes him to die. Abū Sulaymān al-Khaṭṭābī and others have alluded to the import we have conveyed here.
His saying, “He dislikes death and I dislike distressing him.” He means that this is due to the experience of death, its difficulty, and its agonies; it is not that He dislikes death for him, for death is the means of his arrival at His mercy and forgiveness. This aligns with what Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us, saying: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad narrated to us that al-Junayd offered this very explanation regarding the meaning of His statement, “He dislikes death and I dislike distressing him.”
Hadith 35: Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār informed us: al-Ḥārith ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Usāma al-Tamīmī narrated to us: Yazīd ibn Hārūn narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd narrated to us: on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm, who informed him that he heard ʿAlqama ibn Waqqāṣ say that he heard ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb – may Allah be pleased with him – say: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say: “Actions are but by intentions and a person will only have what they intended. So, the one whose migration was for Allah and His Messenger, then his migration was for Allah and His Messenger. And the one whose migration was for some worldly gain or for a woman he wished to marry, then his migration was for that to which he migrated.” Narrated by Muslim on the authority of ibn Numayr, on the authority of Yazīd ibn Hārūn. Transmitted by al-Bukhārī and Muslim from the ḥadīth of Mālik and others, on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd al-Anṣārī.[37]
Hadith 36: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Maymūn al-Raqqī and Abū Usāma ʿAbd Allāh ibn Usāma al-Kalbī narrated to us: They said: ʿUmar ibn Ḥafṣ ibn Ghiyāth narrated to us: My father narrated to me on the authority of Ismāʿīl ibn Sumayʿ, on the authority of Muslim al-Baṭīn: on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās – may Allah be pleased with them both – that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Whoever broadcasts [his virtue], Allah will broadcast [his hidden vice]; and whoever makes a show [of his piety], Allah will make a show [out] of him.” Narrated by Muslim on the authority of ʿUmar ibn Ḥafṣ; and they both extracted it from the hadith of Jundub on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace.[38]
Hadith 37: And it was narrated on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr: on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace –: “Whoever broadcasts his deeds to people, Allah will broadcast [his true nature] to the hearing of His creation, and will render him belittled and contemptible.”[39]
Hadith 38: And among what al-ʿAlāʾ ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān narrated, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Abū Hurayra: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Allah – the Mighty and Sublime – said, 'I am the One most free of need of partnership. Whosoever performs an action for Me in which he associates another with Me, I am free of him, and it [the deed] is for the partner he associated.” Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ibn bint Ibrāhīm ibn Hāniʾ informed us: Ibrāhīm ibn Abī Ṭālib narrated to us: Yaʿqūb al-Dawraqī narrated to us: Ibn ʿUlayya narrated to us: Rawḥ ibn al-Qāsim narrated to us on the authority of al-ʿAlāʾ, and he cited the aforementioned tradition. Narrated by Muslim on the authority of Zuhayr ibn Ḥarb, on the authority of Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUlayya.[40]
Notes
[37] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 1907. ↩
14. On the Love of Allah Most High, the Love of His Messenger – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – Loving for the Sake of Allah, and Zealous Preservation of the Religion with Which Allah Has Honored One
Hadith 39: Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Rūzbārī informed us: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Maḥmawayh al-ʿAskarī informed us: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Qalānisī narrated to us: Ādam ibn Abī Iyās narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us: Qatāda narrated to us on the authority of Anas, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “None of you will find the sweetness of faith until he loves a person for no other reason except for the sake of Allah, and until being thrown into the Fire is more beloved to him than returning to disbelief after Allah had saved him from it, and until Allah and His Messenger are more beloved to him than anything besides them.”[41]
Hadith 40: And with this chain of transmission on the authority of Anas, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “None of you believes until I am more beloved to him than his child, his father, and all of mankind.” al-Bukhārī narrated the two reports on the authority of Ādam in his Ṣaḥīḥ. Muslim narrated them on the authority of Abū Mūsā and Bundār, on the authority of Ghundar, on the authority of Shuʿba.[42]
Hadith 41: Abū Ṭāhir the jurist informed us: Ḥājib ibn Aḥmad narrated to us: Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Marwazī narrated to us: Ibn al-Mubārak narrated to us: on the authority of ʿUbayd Allāh ibn ʿUmar: on the authority of Khubayb ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān: on the authority of Ḥafṣ ibn ʿĀṣim ibn ʿUmar: on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “There are seven whom Allah Most High will shade in His shade on the Day of Resurrection, the Day that there will be no shade but His shade: a just imam, a young man brought up in the worship of Allah – the Mighty and Sublime – a man who remembered Allah Most High in private and his eyes overflowed with tears, a man whose heart was attached to the mosque, two men who loved each other for the sake of Allah, a man seduced by a woman of rank and beauty and said, 'I fear Allah Most High' and a man who gave in charity and hid it such that his left hand did not know what his right hand had done.”[43]
Hadith 42: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥalīm informed us in Merv: Abū ʾl-Muwajjih informed us: ʿAbdān informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak informed us: ʿUbayd Allah ibn ʿUmar informed us: and he mentioned the same with his chain of transmission. Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Sallām, from ʿAbd Allāh; and they both extracted it from the hadith of Yaḥyā al-Qaṭṭān, from ʿUbayd Allah, and in his hadith: “And two men who loved one another for the sake of Allah, meeting for His sake and parting for His sake.”[44]
Notes
[41] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 16, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 43. ↩
[42] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 15, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 44. ↩
[43] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 660, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 1031. ↩
[44] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 660 and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 1031. ↩
Hadith 43: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bishrān al-Muʿaddil informed us in Baghdad: Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr al-Razzāz informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār narrated to us: Abū Muʿāwiya narrated to us: on the authority of al-Aʿmash: on the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ: on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Allah – the Mighty and Sublime – says, 'I am as my servant thinks of Me and I am with him when he remembers Me. If he remembers Me in his self, I remember him in Myself. If he makes mention of Me in an assembly, I remember him in an assembly better than theirs. If he draws near to Me by a handspan, I draw near to him by an armspan. If he draws near to Me by an armspan, I draw near to him by a fathom. And if he comes to Me walking, I go to him running.'” Narrated by Muslim, on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba and Abū Kurayb, on the authority of Abū Muʿāwiya; and transmitted by al-Bukhārī from another route on the authority of al-Aʿmash.[45]
This is a similitude he set forth for the speed of Allah’s response to His servant and His acceptance of his worship. Abū Naṣr ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Qatāda informed us, stating that the Imam Abū Sahl Muḥammad ibn Sulaymān dictated to us regarding the meaning of this hadith: “The servant draws near through excellence while the Real draws near through acts of grace – meaning He is the one who draws him close. The servant draws near to Him through repentance and penitence while the Creator draws near to him through mercy and forgiveness. The servant draws near to Him with petition while He draws near with bestowal. The servant draws near to Him through his innermost secret while He draws near to him with joyous welcome.” He said: It is also said regarding its meaning, “If the servant draws near to Me with what I have enjoined upon him of worship, I bring near to him that which I have promised him.”
Hadith 44: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Faḍl al-Qaṭṭān informed us in Baghdad: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar al-Naḥwī informed us: Yaʿqūb ibn Sufyān narrated to us: Abū Ṣāliḥ narrated to us: Muʿāwiya ibn Ṣāliḥ narrated to me, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Qays al-Kindī, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Busr, who said: Two bedouins came to the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – to ask him. One of them said, "O Messenger of Allah, which person is best?" He replied, "He whose life is long and actions are good." The other said, "O Messenger of Allah, the stipulations of Islam have become too much for me, so inform me of something I can cling to." He replied, "Let your tongue not cease being moist with the remembrance of Allah."[46]
Hadith 45: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Ḥārithī narrated to us: Abū Usāma narrated to us on the authority of Burayd, on the authority of Abū Burda, on the authority of Abū Mūsā, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: “Regularly maintain [your recitation] of the Qurʾān. For by Him in Whose hand the soul of Muḥammad lies, it is more prone to escape than a camel is from its hobble.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī and Muslim on the authority of Abū Kurayb, on the authority of Abū Usāma.[47]
Notes
[45] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 7405; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2675. ↩
[46] Recorded in Jāmiʿ al-Tirmidhī, no. 2330 and 3375. Graded ṣaḥīḥ by al-Tirmidhī. ↩
[47] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 5033, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 791. ↩
Hadith 46: Abū ʿUthmān Saʿīd ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdān al-Naysābūrī informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Ḥāfiẓ narrated to us: al-Sarī ibn Khuzayma narrated to us: Mūsā ibn Ismāʿīl narrated to us: Sulaymān ibn al-Mughīra narrated to us: Thābit narrated to us: on the authority of ibn Abī Laylā: on the authority of Suḥayb, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “How wondrous is the affair of the believer! Indeed, the affair of the believer – all of it – is good for him. If he is met with prosperity and is grateful, it is good. If he is met with adversity and is patient, then it is good [as well].” Narrated by Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Hudba and Shaybān ibn Farrūkh, on the authority of Sulaymān ibn al-Mughīra.[48]
Hadith 47: Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Bālawayh al-Muzakkī and Abū ʿUthmān Saʿīd ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdān informed us: They said: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Muʾammal ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿĪsā informed us: al-Faḍl ibn Muḥammad al-Bayhaqī narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ṣāliḥ narrated to us: Muʿāwiya ibn Ṣāliḥ narrated to me on the authority of Abū Ḥalbas Yazīd ibn Maysara that he said: I heard Umm ʾl-Dardāʾ saying: I heard Abū ʾl-Dardāʾ saying: I heard Abū ʾl-Qāsim – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and I never heard him [Abū l-Dardāʾ] address him [the Prophet] by his kunya before this nor after it, saying: “Indeed, Allah – the Mighty and Sublime – said: 'O Jesus, son of Mary, I am bringing forth after you a nation who, if what they like befalls them, praise [Me] and show gratitude, and if what they dislike afflicts them, seek reward and show patience, though they possess neither forbearance nor knowledge.' He said, 'O Lord, how can this be for them when they possess neither forbearance nor knowledge?' He said, 'I will give them from My own forbearance and knowledge.'”[49]
Hadith 48: It has been narrated to us in the hadith of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – that he said in his supplication: “I ask you for contentment after the decree.”[50]
Hadith 49: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-Naḍr al-Faqīh informed me: al-Ḥārith ibn Abī Usāma narrated to us: al-Muʿallā ibn Manṣūr narrated to us: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad narrated to us: [al-Bayhaqī relates a separate chain.] Abū ʿAbd Allāh informed us: Abū Manṣūr Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim al-ʿAtakī narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī al-Muṭṭalibī[51] narrated to us: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad al-Darāwardī informed us, on the authority of ibn al-Hād, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm, on the authority of ʿĀmir ibn Saʿd, on the authority of al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, that he heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say: “The one who is pleased with Allah as a Lord, with Islam as a religion, and with Muḥammad as a Prophet will have tasted the savor of faith.” Narrated by Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of ibn Abī ʿUmar and Bishr ibn al-Ḥakam, on the authority of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Darāwardī.[52]
Hadith 50: Sufyān al-Thawrī narrated, on the authority of Manṣūr ibn al-Muʿtamir, on the authority of Khaythama, on the authority of ibn Masʿūd, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace –: “Never seek to please anyone through what incurs the anger of Allah, nor praise anyone for the bounty of Allah, nor blame anyone for what Allah did not will. Indeed, the provision of Allah is not driven to you by the eagerness of the eager, nor repelled from you by the dislike of the one who dislikes. Indeed, Allah Most High, in His justice and equity, has placed ease, comfort, and deliverance in contentment and certainty, and He has placed anxiety and sorrow in doubt and discontent.” The Ḥākim, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Muḥammad ibn Ṣāliḥ ibn Hāniʾ narrated to us: Jaʿfar ibn Shuʿayb al-Shāshī narrated to us: Abū Ḥamma narrated to us: Abū Qurra narrated to us on the authority of Sufyān ibn Saʿīd, and he cited the aforementioned tradition thus; it was narrated with this chain of transmission. Khālid ibn Yazīd al-ʿUmarī contradicted him, for he narrated it on the authority of al-Thawrī, and others narrated it on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Khaythama, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace.[53]
Hadith 51: The Judge, the Imam, Abū ʿUmar Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad informed us: Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Maḥmūd ibn Khurrazādh al-Ahwāzī narrated to us in [Ahwaz]: Aḥmad ibn Ayyūb narrated to us: Khālid ibn Yazīd al-ʿUmarī narrated to us: Sufyān al-Thawrī, Sharīk ibn ʿAbd Allāh, and Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna narrated to us on the authority of Sulaymān al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Khaythama, and he cited the aforementioned tradition, except that he said: “Nor blame anyone for what Allah has not given you.” and he did not mention the word "comfort" (al-rāḥa) Thus it was narrated by Khālid al-ʿUmarī on their authority. However, the reliable authorities recorded it on the authority of Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna, on the authority of Abū Hārūn al-Madanī, who said: Ibn Masʿūd said: “Certainty is that you do not seek to please people through what incurs the wrath of Allah.” and he cited the aforementioned tradition as a mawqūf and mursal report.[54]
Hadith 52: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ibn Bishrān informed us: al-Ḥusayn ibn Safwān narrated to us: Ibn Abī ʾl-Dunyā narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ṣabbāḥ narrated to us: Sufyān narrated to us: then he cited the aforementioned tradition:
Notes
[50] Recorded in Sunan al-Nasa'i, no. 1305. Graded ṣaḥīḥ by al-Albani. ↩
[51] Imam al-Shāfiʿī, the founder of the Shāfiʿī school of law. ↩
[53] Recorded by al-Bayhaqī in Shuʿab al-Īmān, no. 204; al-Ṭabarānī in al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr, no. 10514. Graded it as ḥasan by ʿAbd al-ʿAlī ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Ḥāmid. ↩
[54] Recorded in al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr by al-Ṭabarānī, no. 10514. Graded ḍaʿīf due to the weakness of Khālid ibn Yazīd al-ʿUmarī. See Ibn Ḥibbān, al-Majrūḥīn, 1/284 ↩
Hadith 53: Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf al-Aṣbahānī informed us: Abū Saʿīd ibn al-Aʿrābī informed us: al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad al-Zaʿfarānī narrated to us: Wakīʿ ibn al-Jarrāḥ narrated to us on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa, on the authority of his father, on the authority of his grandfather, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “It is better for one of you to take his rope, set out towards the mountain, and carry a bundle of wood on his back and sell it, thereby becoming self-sufficient, than to ask of people, regardless of whether they give to him or refuse him.” Recorded by al-Bukhārī in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Mūsā, on the authority of Wakīʿ. Extracted by Muslim from the hadith of Abū Hurayra, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and in it is the addition: “And give it in charity thereby becoming independent of people.”[55]
Hadith 54: Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Adīb informed us: Abū Bakr al-Ismāʿīlī informed us: Abū Yaḥyā al-Rūyānī informed us: Ibrāhīm – he is ibn Mūsā al-Farrāʾ – narrated to us: ʿĪsā ibn Yūnus narrated to us: Thawr narrated to us on the authority of Khālid ibn Maʿdān, on the authority of al-Miqdām ibn Maʿdī Karib that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “No one from the children of Adam has eaten food better for him than that which he eats from the labor of his hand. Indeed, the Prophet of Allah David – upon him be peace – would eat from the earnings of his hand.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsā.[56]
Notes
[55] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1471, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 1042. ↩
Hadith 55: Abū Aḥmad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mihrajānī and Abū Zakariyyā ibn Abī Isḥāq informed us: They said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Khushnām ibn al-Ṣiddīq narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yazīd al-Muqrī narrated to us: Saʿīd ibn Abī Ayyūb narrated to us: Shuraḥbīl ibn Sharīk narrated to us: on the authority of Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḥubulī: on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ: that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Successful is the one who has embraced Islam, provided enough for his basic needs, and whom Allah has made content with what He has given him.” Narrated by Muslim his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yazīd al-Muqrī.[57]
Hadith 56: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bishrān informed us in Baghdad: Ismāʿīl ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣaffār narrated to us: Sulaymān ibn al-Ashʿath narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār al-Khabāyirī narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ḥumayd al-Muzanī narrated to us on the authority of his father, on the authority of Muʿāwiya ibn Ḥayda who said: I came to the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and said, “O Messenger of Allah, what suffices me from this world?” He said: "Whatever staves off your hunger and covers your nakedness. If you have a house, then that [is enough] and if a donkey, then all the better! A crust of bread and a draught of water [suffice], and you are held accountable for whatever exceeds your waist-wrap (izār)." This text was narrated from another route on the authority of Thawbān in a marfūʿ report, and from another route on the authority of Abū ʾl-Dardāʾ in a marfūʿ report, and from another route on the authority of Abū Umāma in a marfūʿ report; when these chains of transmission are joined to one another, they gain strength.[58]
Hadith 57: Marwān ibn Muʿāwiya narrated, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Shumayla, on the authority of Salama ibn ʿUbayd Allah ibn Miḥṣan, on the authority of his father: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Whoever among you wakes up secure in his dwelling, healthy in his body, and possessing the sustenance for that day, it is as if the entire world has been gathered for him.” Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī narrated it to us by way of dictation: Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq the scholar narrated to us: al-ʿAbbās ibn al-Faḍl al-Asfāṭī narrated to us: Surayj ibn Yūnus narrated to us: Marwān ibn Muʿāwiya narrated to us, and he cited the aforementioned tradition; however, he said: on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, on the authority of his father, and his father is an addition in it as far as I know. This matn was also narrated on the authority of ibn ʿUmar in a marfūʿ report, except that he said: “Then dust be upon the world.”[59]
[58] Recorded by al-Bayhaqī in Shuʿab al-Īmān, no. 9880. The narrator ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ḥumayd al-Muzanī is declared majhūl (unknown) by al-Dhahabī (1:618). A similar hadith is recorded in Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 2341, where al-Tirmidhī classified his chain as ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ. ↩
[59] An Arabic expression of disparagement, indicating that once a person possesses security, health, and sufficient provision, the remaining attractions of worldly life are of little consequence. Recorded in Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 2346; Sunan Ibn Mājah, no. 4141. Graded ḥasan by al-Tirmidhī. ↩
Hadith 58: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad al-Ṣaffār al-Aṣbahānī narrated to us by way of dictation: Abū Yaḥyā Aḥmad ibn ʿIṣām ibn ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Aṣbahānī narrated to us: Rawḥ ibn ʿUbāda narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us, he said: I heard Ḥuṣayn ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān: on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Jubayr, on the authority of ibn ʿAbbās, that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Seventy thousand people from my nation will enter Paradise without reckoning.” So I said, “Who are they?” He said: “They are those who do not seek incantations (ruqya), nor draw evil omens, nor practice augury (yaʿtāfūn) but rely [solely] upon their Lord.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Isḥāq, on the authority of Rawḥ. Also narrated by Muslim on the authority of Abū Bakr ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Shayba, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Fuḍayl, on the authority of Ḥuṣayn, and he cited the aforementioned tradition except that he did not mention the saying: “nor do they practice augury.” And he added: And ʿUkkāsha ibn Miḥṣan said: “Am I among them, O Messenger of Allah?” So he said: “You are among them.” Then another man stood up and said: “Am I among them?” So he said: “ʿUkkāsha has preceded you in it.”[60]
Hadith 59: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Jaʿfar ibn Duḥaym informed us: Aḥmad ibn Ḥāzim al-Ghifārī narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Shayba narrated to us and cited the aforementioned tradition. Shaykh Imam Aḥmad – may Allah Most High have mercy on him – said: Reliance is the tranquility of the heart and its stillness regarding the promise of Allah Most High. This does not prevent one from earning through lawful means. Thus, [the servant] earns with outward action, while trusting in Allah Most High with his heart, not in his earnings, due to his knowledge that there is neither might nor power except through Allah. Likewise, Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad al-Būshanjī said, according to what Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us on his authority: Reliance is the disavowal of your own might and power, and the might and power of those like you.
Notes
[60] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6472, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 220. ↩
21. On Expanding One’s Lawful Wealth Beyond Basic Sufficiency, Provided It Is Gained Legitimately, the Rights of Allah Most High are Discharged, and It Suffices for One’s Family
Hadith 60: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ibn Bishrān informed us: Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad al-Miṣrī informed us: ʿUbayd Allah ibn Muḥammad al-ʿUmarī narrated to us: [al-Bayhaqī relates a separate chain.] ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār informed us: Ismāʿīl ibn Isḥāq al-Qāḍī narrated to us: They said: Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Uways narrated to us: Mālik narrated to us: on the authority of Zayd ibn Aslam: on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ ibn Yasār: on the authority of Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī: that he said: the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: "Indeed, that which I fear most for you is what Allah will bring forth for you from the blessings of the earth." It was said, "What are the blessings of the earth?" He replied, "The splendor of the worldly life." Thereupon, a man said to him, "Can good bring about evil?" The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – remained silent until we thought that revelation was descending upon him. Then, he began to wipe the sweat from his forehead and said, "Where is the questioner who asked, 'Can good bring about evil?'" The man said, "Here I am." Abū Saʿīd said, "We commended him when he did that." Then the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said, "Good does not bring about anything except good" –repeating it three times – "but this wealth is green and sweet. Indeed, among what the spring rain brings forth is that which kills by bloating or comes close to it, except for the animal that eats the vegetation [wisely]. It eats until its flanks are distended; then it turns toward the sun, chews its cud, defecates, and urinates, and afterward returns to graze again. Indeed, this wealth is green and sweet. Whoever acquires it rightfully and spends it rightfully, it is an excellent aid; but whoever acquires it without right is like one who eats but is never satiated." Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of ibn Abī Uways, and narrated by Muslim on the authority of Abū ʾl-Ṭāhir, on the authority of ibn Wahb, on the authority of Mālik.[61]
Hadith 61: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Daʿlaj ibn Aḥmad informed us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Zayd al-Ṣāyigh narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn Shabīb narrated to us: my father narrated to us on the authority of Yūnus, on the authority of ibn Shihāb, on the authority of Khālid ibn Aslam, who said: We set out with ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿUmar and a bedouin said, “Allah – the Mighty and Sublime says – 'And those who hoard gold and silver...” So ibn ʿUmar said, “Whoever hoards them and does not offer the zakāt due upon them, then woe be to him. This [prohibition] was before [the details of] zakāt were revealed. Once it was revealed, Allah made it a means of purification for their wealth.” Then he turned to me and said, “It would not concern me if I had the equivalent of Uḥud in gold so long as I knew its amount, gave the zakāt due upon it, and put it to use in the obedience of Allah Most High.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his Ṣaḥīḥ, and he said: "Aḥmad ibn Shabīb said [the same]."[62]
Hadith 62: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAffān narrated to us: Qabīṣa ibn ʿUqba narrated to us: on the authority of Sufyān: [al-Bayhaqī relates a separate chain.] He said: And Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās narrated to us: Bakr ibn Sahl al-Dimyāṭī narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Abī ʾl-Sarrī narrated to us: Wakīʿ ibn al-Jarrāḥ narrated to us: on the authority of Sufyān al-Thawrī: on the authority of al-Ḥajjāj ibn Furāfiṣa: on the authority of Makḥūl: on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him –: he said in the narration of Qabīṣa: I believe he attributed it to the Prophet, and he said in the narration of Wakīʿ: he said: the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Whoever seeks after the world lawfully in order to boast, amass wealth, and show off shall meet Allah while He is angry with him. Whoever seeks after the world lawfully in order to refrain from begging, to provide for his family, and to be kind to his neighbor, shall meet Allah on the Day of Resurrection with his face like the moon on the night of the full moon.” Thus said Makḥūl on the authority of Abū Hurayra, but Makḥūl did not hear from Abū Hurayra; it is as if he took it from one of the companions of Abū Hurayra, on the authority of Abū Hurayra.[63]
Notes
[61] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1465, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 1052. ↩
[63] Recorded in Abū Nuʿaym, Ḥilyat al-awliyāʾ, 3:110 and 8:215; graded ḍaʿīf . As al-Bayhaqī notes, there is a structural gap (inqiṭāʿ) in the chain of transmission because the Levant scholar Makḥūl never actually met or directly heard from the companion Abū Hurayra. ↩
Hadith 63: Abū Muḥammad Janāḥ ibn Nadhīr ibn Janāḥ al-Muḥāribī, the judge, in Kufa informed us: Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Duḥaym narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn Ḥāzim – meaning ibn Abī Gharaza – narrated to us: Yaʿlā ibn ʿUbayd and al-Faḍl ibn Dukayn narrated to us: They said: Zakariyyā ibn Abī Zāʾida narrated to us on the authority of al-Shaʿbī: He said: I heard al-Nuʿmān ibn Bashīr saying: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – saying, while al-Nuʿmān gestured with his two fingers toward his ears: “Verily, the lawful is clear and the unlawful is clear. Between them are ambiguous matters not known to many people. Whoever guards against the ambiguous matters has cleared his religion and honor. But whoever falls into the ambiguous matters, falls into what is unlawful – like the shepherd who grazes [his flock] around a sanctuary, nearly grazing within it. Verily, every king has a sanctuary and verily, the sanctuary of Allah is His prohibitions.”[64]
Hadith 64: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq al-Faqīh narrated to us by way of dictation: Mūsā ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbbād and ʿAmr ibn Tamīm informed us: They said: Abū Nuʿaym – who is al-Faḍl ibn Dukayn – narrated to us: then he cited the aforementioned tradition with its chain of transmission and its meaning, and added: “Verily, there is in the body a piece of flesh which – if it is set aright – the entire body will be set aright and if it is corrupt then the entire body will be corrupt. Verily, it is the heart.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Abū Nuʿaym, and transmitted by Muslim from [multiple] routes on the authority of Zakariyyā.[65]
Hadith 65: And it is narrated on the authority of Saʿd ibn Abī Waqqāṣ and others in a marfūʿ report: “Superiority in knowledge is more beloved to me than superiority in worship. And the best of your religion is scrupulousness.”[66]
Hadith 66: And [it is reported] on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – that the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said to him: “O Abā Hurayra, be scrupulous, [and] you will be the most devoted of people in worship.”[67]
Notes
[64] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 52, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 1599. ↩
[65] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 52, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 1599. ↩
[66] Recorded in al-Muʿjam al-Awsaṭ, no. 3960 and Ṣaḥīḥ al-Jāmiʿ, no. 4214. Graded ṣaḥīḥ by al-Albānī. ↩
[67] Recorded in Sunan Ibn Mājah, no. 4217; a similar Hadith is recorded in Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 2305. Graded ḥasan by al-Albānī. ↩
Hadith 67: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Shākir narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Sābiq narrated to us: Mālik ibn Mighwal narrated to us: I heard al-Walīd ibn al-ʿAyzār, on the authority of Abū ʿAmr al-Shaybānī, who said: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd said: I asked the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – “Which actions are best?” He responded, “Prayer at its appointed time.” I said, “Then what?” He said, “Then kindness towards parents.” I said, “Then what?” He said, “Then performing jihād in the path of Allah.” Then the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – became silent and had I asked him to tell me more he would have told me more. Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ṣabbāḥ, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Sābiq.[68]
Hadith 68: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Ḥāfiẓ narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Saʿdī narrated to us: Abū Badr Shujāʿ ibn al-Walīd narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Shubruma narrated to us on the authority of Abū Zurʿa ibn ʿAmr ibn Jarīr, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: A man said: "O Messenger of Allah, who is most deserving of my kindly companionship?" He said: “Your mother.” He said: "Then who?" He said, “Then your mother.” He said: “Then who?” He said, “Then your mother.” He said: “Then who?” He said, “Then your father.” Transmitted by al-Bukhārī and Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ from the hadith of ibn Shubruma.[69]
Hadith 69: And in the hadith of ʿAṭāʾ ibn al-Sāʾib, on the authority of Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Dardāʾ, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say: “The father is the middle door of Paradise. So cherish that door or neglect it [at your own loss].” Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās al-Aṣamm narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn Shaybān narrated to us: Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna narrated to us on the authority of ʿAṭāʾ, and he cited the aforementioned tradition.[70]
Notes
[68] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 527; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 85. ↩
[69] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 5971, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2548. ↩
[70] Recorded in Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 1900. Graded ṣaḥīḥ by al-Tirmidhī. ↩
Hadith 70: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Sakhtawayh narrated to us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Būshanjī and Aḥmad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Milḥān narrated to us: They said: Yaḥyā ibn Bukayr narrated to us: al-Layth narrated to us: on the authority of ʿUqayl: on the authority of ibn Shihāb: Anas ibn Mālik informed me that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Whoever loves that his provision be expanded for him and his lifespan be extended, let him maintain his ties of kinship.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Bukayr, and transmitted by Muslim from another route on the authority of al-Layth.[71]
Hadith 71: It is narrated on the authority of ʿĀṣim ibn Ḍamra, on the authority of ʿAlī – may Allah be pleased with him – on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – with the same meaning, and it contains the addition: “and that an evil death be warded off from him, let him fear Allah and uphold his family ties.”[72]
Hadith 72: Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf al-Aṣbahānī informed us: Abū Saʿīd – he is ibn al-Aʿrābī – narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad al-Zaʿfarānī narrated to us: Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna narrated to us on the authority of al-Zuhrī: And Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ibn Bishrān al-Baghdādī informed us: Ismāʿīl ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣaffār narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn Manṣūr al-Ramādī narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated to us: Maʿmar informed us, on the authority of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Jubayr ibn Muṭʿim, on the authority of his father, who said: I heard the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and in the narration of ibn ʿUyayna: on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: “A severer [of bonds of kinship] will not enter Paradise.” Narrated by Muslim on the authority of ibn Abī ʿUmar and others, on the authority of Sufyān, and Muḥammad ibn Rāfiʿ, and ʿAbd ibn Ḥumayd on the authority of ʿAbd al-Razzāq; and transmitted by al-Bukhārī from another route on the authority of al-Zuhrī.[73]
Hadith 73: The teacher, Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Fūrak informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar informed us: Yūnus ibn Ḥabīb narrated to us: Abū Dāwūd narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār informed me, saying: I heard Muḥammad ibn Kaʿb al-Quraẓī narrating on the authority of Abū Hurayra who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – saying: “Indeed, the womb will have a tongue on the Day of Resurrection beneath the throne. It will say, 'O Lord, I was severed, O Lord, I was wronged, O Lord, I have been ill-treated.' Its Lord will respond to it, 'Are you not satisfied that I shall join the one who has joined you, and sever the one who has severed you?'” This is a sound chain of transmission. Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Muzarrid has narrated it on the authority of Saʿīd ibn Yasār, on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – in a more complete version with the same meaning. From that route, al-Bukhārī and Muslim transmitted it in the two Ṣaḥīḥs.[74]
Notes
[71] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 2067, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2557. ↩
[72] Recorded in Musnad Aḥmad, no. 1213. Graded qawī (strong) by al-Arnāʾūṭ. ↩
[73] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 5984; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2556. ↩
[74] Recorded by al-Bukhārī in al-Adab al-Mufrad, no. 65. The foundational narrative is also recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 4830 and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2554. ↩
Hadith 74: Abū Ṭāhir al-Faqīh informed us: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Qaṭṭān informed us: Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf al-Sulamī narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf said: Sufyān mentioned: on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa, on the authority of his father, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – that she said: A Bedouin came to the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and said: "Do you kiss children? We do not kiss them." So the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: "What can I do for you if Allah has snatched mercy from your heart?" Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, and transmitted by Muslim through another route on the authority of Hishām.[75]
Hadith 75: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Isḥāq narrated to us by way of dictation: Yūsuf ibn Yaʿqūb informed us: Sulaymān ibn Ḥarb, ʿĀrim, Abū al-Rabīʿ, Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd, Musaddad, and Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr all said: Ḥammād ibn Zayd informed us: Ayyūb narrated to us on the authority of Abū Qilāba, on the authority of Abū Asmāʾ, on the authority of Thawbān, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said, “The best dinar that a man can spend is a dinar that he spends on his dependents, a dinar that a man spends on his riding beast in the way of Allah, and a dinar a man spends on his companions in the way of Allah.” Abū Qilāba said:"He [the Prophet] began with the dependents. And which man is greater in reward than one who spends on [his] young children, whom Allah Most High sustains and benefits by means of him [the father]?" It was narrated by Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ from Abū ʾl-Rabīʿ.[76]
Hadith 76: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn al-Faḍl ibn Naẓīf al-Farrāʾ informed us in Mecca: al-ʿAbbās ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Naḍr ibn al-Sarī al-Rāfiʿī narrated to us by way of dictation in Egypt: Hilāl ibn al-ʿAlāʾ narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn Kathīr narrated to us: Sufyān narrated to us on the authority of Muzāḥim ibn Zufar, on the authority of Mujāhid, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “[Let there be] a dinar you give in the way of Allah, a dinar you give to a needy person, and a dinar you spend on your family.” He said: [The Prophet added,] “The dinar you spend on your family is the greatest of them in reward.”[77]
Hadith 77: ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbdān informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿUbayd al-Ṣaffār informed us: Tamtām narrated to us: Abū Ḥudhayfa narrated to us: Sufyān narrated to us, then he cited the aforementioned tradition with his chain and its meaning, adding: “And a dinar you give towards [the manumission of] a slave.” Transmitted by Muslim from Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba and Zuhayr ibn Ḥarb, from Wakīʿ, from Sufyān. They agreed upon the ḥadīth of Abū Hurayra and others, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – that he said: “Begin with those under your care.”[78]
Hadith 78: It has been transmitted to us on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – that he said: "The best of you is the one who is best to his family, and I am the best of you to my family."[79]
Hadith 79: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us, along with others; they said: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb informed us: ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Saʿīd ibn Kathīr ibn ʿUfayr narrated to us: My father narrated to me: al-Layth ibn Saʿd narrated to me on the authority of Hishām ibn Saʿd, on the authority of Zayd ibn Aslam, on the authority of Yazīd ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn Juʿduba, that he heard ibn al-Sabbāq say: I heard Abū Hurayra say: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “The best of you is the one who is best to his womenfolk and his daughters.” The Shaykh said: Yazīd ibn ʿIyāḍ: This [individual] is the grandfather of Yazīd ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn Yazīd, from whom ibn Wahb narrates, and it is said [he is]: Yazīd ibn Juʿduba.[80]
Notes
[75] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 5998, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2317. ↩
[79] Recorded in Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 3895. Graded ṣaḥīḥ by al-Tirmidhī. ↩
[80] Recorded by Ibn ʿAdī in al-Kāmil (7/2720). Yazīd ibn ʿIyāḍ is classified as matrūk according to major classical critics, including Imam Mālik who explicitly accused him of lying and fabricating narrations. ↩
Hadith 80: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAffān narrated to us: ibn Numayr narrated to us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of al-Maʿrūr ibn Suwayd, who said: We met Abū Dharr in al-Rabadha wearing a garment, and his slave was wearing a garment like it. A man said to him, “O Abū Dharr, if only you took this garment from your slave and wore it, it would be a full suit (ḥulla), and you could clothe your slave with another garment.” He replied: Indeed, the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “They are your brothers, Allah has placed them under your control. So, he whose brother is under his control should feed him from what he himself eats, clothe him from what he himself wears, and not task him with what would overcome him. If he does task him [with a heavy burden] let him aid him.” Transmitted by al-Bukhārī and Muslim in the Ṣaḥīḥ from the hadith of al-Aʿmash. And this is what is best to do; otherwise, he is bound by what the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “The slave should be provided food, clothing, according to the recognized custom.” al-Shāfiʿī – may Allah be pleased with him – said: "The 'recognized custom' (al-maʿrūf) according to us is what is customary for the likes of him in the specific town in which he resides."[81]
Hadith 81: Abū ʾl-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-ʿAlawī narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Bālawayh al-Muzakkī informed us: Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf al-Sulamī narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated to us: Maʿmar informed us on the authority of Hammām ibn Munabbih who said: This is what Abū Hurayra narrated to us. He said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “If the servant comes to you with food, having spared you its heat and smoke, invite him to eat with you. Otherwise, place a morsel in his hand or hand him a serving.”[82]
Hadith 82: And Muḥammad ibn Ziyād narrated it on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “When the servant of one of you comes with his food, let him seat him by his side. If he does not do so, let him hand him a bite or two” – or he said “a morsel or two, for he endured its heat and preparation.” Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn Marzūq narrated to us: Saʿīd ibn ʿĀmir narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Ziyād, and he cited the aforementioned tradition. Narrated by al-Bukhārī in the Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Ḥafṣ ibn ʿUmar and others, on the authority of Shuʿba; and transmitted by Muslim from the hadith of Mūsā ibn Yasār on the authority of Abū Hurayra – may Allah be pleased with him.[83]
Notes
[81] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 30, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 1661. ↩
[82] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 2557 and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 1663. ↩
[83] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 2557 and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 1663. ↩
Hadith 83: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Aḥmad ibn Sulaymān al-Faqīh narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn Mukram narrated to us: Yazīd ibn Hārūn narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd narrated to us: Abū Bakr ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr ibn Ḥazm informed me on the authority of ʿAmra, on the authority of ʿĀʾisha – may Allah be pleased with her – who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: "Gabriel – upon whom be peace – did not cease to exhort me regarding the neighbor until I supposed that he would make them my inheritors." al-Bukhārī and Muslim transmitted it in their Ṣaḥīḥ collections from the hadith of Mālik on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Saʿīd.[84]
Notes
[84] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6014, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2624. ↩
Hadith 84: Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad al-Rūdhbārī informed us: Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr informed us: Abū Dāwūd narrated to us: al-Qaʿnabī narrated to us on the authority of Mālik, on the authority of Saʿīd al-Maqburī, on the authority of Abū Shurayḥ al-Kaʿbī, that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: "Whosoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should honor his guest. His allowance (jāʾiza) is for a day and a night, and hospitality (ḍiyāfa) extends for three days; whatever exceeds that is considered an act of charity (ṣadaqa). It is not permissible for the guest to remain with his host until he causes him undue hardship." This was narrated by al-Bukhārī in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf, from Mālik. Both al-Bukhārī and Muslim also transmitted it from the ḥadīth of al-Layth, on the authority of al-Maqburī.[85]
Notes
[85] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6019, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 48. ↩
Hadith 85: Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf al-Aṣbahānī informed us, by way of dictation: Abū Saʿīd ibn al-Aʿrābī narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ṣabbāḥ al-Zaʿfarānī narrated to us: Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna informed us on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār, on the authority of Nāfiʿ ibn Jubayr ibn Muṭʿim who said: Jārīr ibn ʿAbd Allāh said: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say: “Allah will not show mercy to the one who is not merciful to people.” Narrated by Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba and others, [who related it] on the authority of Sufyān. Both of them transmitted it from the hadith of Abī Ẓabyān and Zayd ibn Wahb, on the authority of Jarīr.[86]
Hadith 86: Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn Aḥmad ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Shādhān al-Baghdādī informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jaʿfar ibn Darastuwaih informed us: Yaʿqūb ibn Sufyān narrated to us, Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad ibn ʿArʿara ibn al-Birind narrated to us, Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of Yūnus ibn ʿUbaid, on the authority of Thābit al-Bunānī, on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik – may Allah be pleased with him – who said: I accompanied Jarir ibn ʿAbd Allāh and he used to serve me, though he was older and more senior than I. He said: "I saw the Ansar doing something [by way of service] for the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – such that I never see anyone among them except that I serve him." Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿArʿara, and transmitted by Muslim on the authority of Bundār and others, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿArʿara.[87]
Hadith 87: Abū Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf al-Aṣbahānī informed us: Abū Saʿīd ibn al-Aʿrābī informed us: Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl narrated to us: Yūnus ibn Muḥammad narrated to us: Maṭar al-Aʿnaq narrated to us on the authority of Thābit, on the authority of Anas, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “O Anas! Show reverence to the elderly, be merciful to the young, and you shall be my companion in Paradise.”[88]
Notes
[87] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6052, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2514. ↩
[88] The main chain is very weak due to the narrator Maṭar al-Aʿnaq, who was heavily criticized and abandoned (matrūk) by classical Hadith critics. A similar, longer tradition containing this exact command is recorded in al-Muʿjam al-awsaṭ by al-Ṭabarānī, no. 5453: “...and show mercy to the young, and honor the elderly, and you shall be among my companions on the Day of Resurrection.” The foundational command is also authentically established in Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 1920: “He is not of us who does not show mercy to our young ones and recognize the honor of our elderly.” ↩
Hadith 88: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ, Abū Zakariyyā ibn Abī Isḥāq, Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥasan, and Abū ʿUthmān ibn ʿAbdān al-Naysābūrī informed us: They said: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb informed us: Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥyā ibn Asad narrated to us: Sufyān narrated to us: [al-Bayhaqī relates a separate chain.] Abū ʿAbd Allāh, Abū Zakariyyā, Abū Bakr, and Abū Naṣr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Shabīb al-Qāḍī informed us: They said: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās – he is al-Aṣamm – narrated to us: al-Rabīʿ ibn Sulaymān informed us: al-Shāfiʿī informed us: Ibn ʿUyayna informed us: on the authority of Ziyād ibn ʿIlāqa: he said: I heard Jarīr ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Bajalī saying: "I pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – to be sincere toward every Muslim." Narrated by Muslim on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba and others, on the authority of Sufyān ibn ʿUyayna; and transmitted by al-Bukhārī from two other routes, one of them on the authority of Ziyād ibn ʿIlāqa.[89]
Hadith 89: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAffān narrated to us: ibn Numayr narrated to us: al-Aʿmash narrated to us: on the authority of Abū ʿAmr al-Shaybānī: on the authority of Abū Masʿūd al-Anṣārī who said: A man came to the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and said, “I have been stranded [by the breakdown of my mount], so provide me with a ride.” He said, “I do not have anything upon which I can carry you, but go to so-and-so.” So [the man went and was helped, then] he came to the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – and informed him about it. So the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said, “Whoever guides to good shall have the [same] reward as the one who did it.” Transmitted by Muslim from [multiple] routes on the authority of al-Aʿmash.[90]
Notes
[89] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 57, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 56. ↩
Hadith 90: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥasan al-Asadī al-Qāḍī narrated to us in Hamadhān: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ḥusayn narrated to us: Ādam ibn Abī Iyās narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us: [al-Bayhaqī relates a separate chain.] ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb narrated to us, Musaddad informed us: Yaḥyā narrated to us on the authority of Shuʿba, on the authority of Qatāda, on the authority of Anas, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: "None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself." Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Musaddad, on the authority of Yaḥyā. Also narrated by Muslim on the authority of Abū Mūsā and Bundār, on the authority of Ghundar, both of them on the authority of Shuʿba.[91]
Notes
[91] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 13, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 45. ↩
Hadith 91: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ibn Bishrān informed us: Abū Jaʿfar al-Razzāz narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Munādī narrated to us: Isḥāq al-Azraq narrated to us: Zakariyyā narrated to us on the authority of al-Shaʿbī, on the authority of al-Nuʿmān ibn Bashīr, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: "The similitude of the believers in their mutual mercy, love, and compassion is like that of a body; when one limb aches, the rest of the body responds to it with fever and sleeplessness." Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Abū Nuʿaym, on the authority of Zakariyyā ibn Abī Zāʾida. Narrated by Muslim through another route on the authority of Zakariyyā.[92]
Notes
[92] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 6011, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2586. ↩
Hadith 92: Yaḥyā ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā al-Muzakkī informed us: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb informed us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb narrated to us: Jaʿfar ibn ʿAwn informed us: Abū Isḥāq al-Shaybānī informed us: on the authority of Ashʿath ibn Abī al-Shaʿthāʾ: on the authority of Muʿāwiya ibn Suwayd ibn Muqarrin: on the authority of al-Barāʾ ibn ʿĀzib who said: “He commanded us to do seven things and forbade us from seven things – meaning the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He commanded us to visit the sick, follow funeral processions, spread the greeting of peace, respond to invitations, invoke mercy on the one who sneezes, aid the wronged, and to honor the oath of the one who swears an oath. And he forbade us from drinking from silver [vessels] – for verily, whoever drinks from them in this world will not drink from them in the Hereafter – and from wearing gold rings, riding upon silk saddlecloths (mayāthir), and from wearing qassī garments, silk, fine silk brocade (dībāj), and heavy silk brocade (istabraq).” Transmitted by both of them [al-Bukhārī and Muslim] in their Ṣaḥīḥ collections from the ḥadīth of al-Shaybānī and others.[93]
Hadith 93: Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Rūdhbārī informed us: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Maḥmawayh al-ʿAskarī narrated to us in Basra in the year three hundred and forty-one: Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Qalānisī narrated to us: Ādam narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us: Saʿīd ibn Abī Burda ibn Abī Mūsā narrated to us on the authority of his father, on the authority of his grandfather: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Charity is due upon every Muslim.” They said, “[What] if he does not find [anything to give]?” He said, “He works with his hands and benefits himself and gives in charity.” They said, “What if he is not able or doesn't do it?” He said, “He helps someone in need and distressed.” They said, “If he does not do that?” He said. “Let him withhold from evil, for indeed, that is charity for him.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Ādam. Narrated by Muslim from another route, on the authority of Shuʿba.[94]
Hadith 94: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAffān narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Numayr narrated to us: on the authority of al-Aʿmash: on the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ: on the authority of Abū Hurayra: he said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: "Whoever relieves a brother of a hardship from the hardships of this world, Allah will relieve him of a hardship from the hardships of the Day of Resurrection. Whoever conceals the faults of a Muslim, Allah will conceal his faults in this world and the Hereafter. Whoever makes things easy for a Muslim, Allah will make things easy for him in this world and the Hereafter. And Allah remains in the aid of His servant so long as the servant remains in the aid of his brother." And he mentioned the remainder of the hadith as we mentioned it at the beginning of this book. Narrated by Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Numayr, on the authority of his father.[95]
Hadith 95: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn Mukram narrated to us: Yazīd ibn Hārūn narrated to us: Abū Mālik al-Ashjaʿī informed us on the authority of Ribʿī ibn Ḥirāsh, on the authority of Ḥudhayfa, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: “Every act of good is charity.” Transmitted by Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ from two other routes on the authority of Abū Mālik al-Ashjaʿī.[96]
Notes
[93] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1239 and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2066. ↩
[94] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 1445, and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 1008. ↩
Hadith 96: The Sayyid, Abū ʾl-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Dāwūd al-ʿAlawī narrated to us: Abū ʾl-Qāsim ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Bālawayh informed us: [al-Bayhaqī relates a separate chain.] And Abū Ṭāhir the Faqīh informed us: Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Qaṭṭān informed us: They said: Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf al-Sulamī narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated to us: Maʿmar narrated to us on the authority of Hammām ibn Munabbih, who said: This is what Abū Hurayra narrated to us, he said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Every joint of a person has a charity due upon it each day that the sun rises. To judge justly between two is a charity, to help a man mount his riding beast is charity, to lift his goods upon it is charity, a kind word is charity, every step a man takes towards prayer is charity, removing something harmful from the road is charity.” Narrated by Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Rāfiʿ, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Razzāq.[97]
Hadith 97: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Faḍl al-Qaṭṭān informed us in Baghdad: Abū ʿAmr ibn al-Sammāk informed us: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār narrated to us: Abū Muʿāwiya narrated to us: on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Murra, on the authority of Sālim – he is ibn Abī al-Jaʿd – on the authority of Umm ʾl-Dardāʾ, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Dardāʾ who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Shall I not inform you of [an action] better than the degree of fasting, prayer, and charity?” They said, “Yes indeed, O Messenger of Allah.” He said, “Mending relationships between people, for indeed, the breaking down of relationships between people is that which shears [faith].”[98]
Hadith 98: Abū ʿAbd Allāh, al-Ḥāfiẓ, informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAffān narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Numayr narrated to us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Abī Ṣāliḥ, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “You shall find the most evil of mankind on the Day of Resurrection to be he of two faces, the one who comes to these with the discourse of those and to those with the discourse of these.” Transmitted by al-Bukhārī in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of ʿUmar ibn Ḥafṣ, on the authority of his father, on the authority of al-Aʿmash.[99]
Hadith 99: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb Abū ʿAbd Allāh narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Farrāʾ narrated to us: Abū Nuʿaym informed us: Sufyān narrated to us on the authority of Manṣūr, on the authority of Ibrāhīm, on the authority of Hammām ibn al-Ḥārith, who said: We were sitting with Ḥudhayfa when a man passed by, and they said, “This man carries reports to ʿUthmān – may Allah be pleased with him.” Ḥudhayfa said: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say: “A talebearer (qattāt) will not enter Paradise.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū Nuʿaym, and transmitted by Muslim through another chain on the authority of Manṣūr ibn al-Muʿtamir.[100]
Hadith 100: Abū ʾl-Qāsim Zayd ibn Abī Hāshim al-ʿAlawī informed us in Kufa: Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Duḥaym informed us: Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd Allāh narrated to us: Wakīʿ narrated to us: on the authority of al-Aʿmash: on the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ: on the authority of Abū Hurayra who said: the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: "By Him in Whose hand my soul lies, you will not enter paradise until you believe, and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I not direct you to something which, if you do it, you will come to love one another? Spread [the greeting of] peace among yourselves." Narrated by Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shayba: on the authority of Wakīʿ.[101]
Hadith 101: Abū Zakariyyā ibn Abī Isḥāq informed us: Abū ʾl-Ḥasan Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdūs narrated to us: ʿUthmān ibn Saʿīd al-Dārimī narrated to us: al-Qaʿnabī narrated to us, in what he recited to Mālik: on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Maʿmar: on the authority of Abū ʾl-Ḥubāb Saʿīd ibn Yasār: on the authority of Abū Hurayra, that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Indeed Allah – the Mighty and Sublime – will say on the Day of Resurrection: 'Where are those who loved each other for the sake of My Majesty? Today, I shall shade them in My shade, a day where there is no shade but My shade.'” Narrated by Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Qutayba, on the authority of Mālik.[102]
Hadith 102: It was been related to us on the authority of Muʿādh ibn Jabal; and it is said on the authority of ʿUbāda ibn al-Ṣāmit, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: “Allah – the Mighty and Sublime – said, 'My love is incumbent upon those who loved each other for My sake, for those who sat with each other for My sake, those who spent on each other for My sake, and for those who visited each other for My sake.'”[103]
Hadith 103: ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Bishrān informed us: Ismāʿīl ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣaffār informed us: Aḥmad ibn Manṣūr al-Ramādī narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Razzāq ibn Hammām narrated to us: Maʿmar informed us: on the authority of al-Zuhrī: on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Do not envy one another, do not cut one another off, and do not turn your backs on one another. Rather, be servants of Allah – brothers. It is not permissible for a Muslim to abandon his brother for more than three days.”[104]
Hadith 104: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Muḥammad al-Muzanī and Abū ʿAlī Ḥāmid ibn Muḥammad al-Harawī informed us: They said: ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā narrated to us: Abū ʾl-Yamān narrated to us: Shuʿayb informed us: on the authority of al-Zuhrī: narrated to me Anas ibn Mālik: that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Do not harbor hatred for one another, do not envy one another, and do not turn your backs on one another. Rather, be servants of Allah – brothers. It is not permissible for a Muslim to shun his brother for more than three nights. They meet and this one turns away while that one turns away. The best of them is the one who initiates the greeting of peace.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of Abū ʾl-Yamān, and Narrated by Muslim on the authority of Muḥammad ibn Rāfiʿ and ʿAbd ibn Ḥumayd, on the authority of ʿAbd al-Razzāq.[105]
Hadith 105: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn Isḥāq the jurist informed us: Mūsā ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbbād informed us: Aḥmad ibn Yūnus informed us: Abū Bakr ibn ʿAyyāsh narrated to us: on the authority of al-Aʿmash: on the authority of Saʿīd ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Jurayj: on the authority of Abū Barza: he said: the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “O assembly of those who have believed with their tongues while faith has not entered their hearts: do not backbite the Muslims, nor seek out their faults. For indeed, whoever seeks out the faults of his believing brother, Allah shall seek out his faults. And whoever’s faults Allah seeks out, He shall expose him in his own house.” Transmitted by Abū Dāwūd al-Sijistānī on the authority of ʿUthmān ibn Abī Shayba: on the authority of Aswad ibn ʿĀmir: on the authority of Abū Bakr ibn ʿAyyāsh.[106]
Hadith 106: It has been narrated to us on the authority of Abū Hurayra and others, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – that he said: “The most complete of the believers in faith are those with the best character.” And in the narration of some, “Among the most complete of the believers.”[107]
Hadith 107: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ibn Bishrān informed us: Abū Jaʿfar al-Razzāz informed us: Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd Allāh ibn al-Munādī narrated to us: Wahb ibn Jarīr narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us on the authority of al-Aʿmash: [al-Bayhaqī relates a separate chain.] Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAffān narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Numayr narrated to us on the authority of al-Aʿmash, on the authority of Shaqīq, on the authority of Masrūq, who said: I heard ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr saying: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – was neither obscene nor prone to obscenity, and he used to say: “Indeed, the best of you are the ones with the best character.” This is the wording of the ḥadīth of Ibn Numayr. Narrated by al-Bukhārī in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of ibn ʿUmar, on the authority of Shuʿba, and transmitted by Muslim on the authority of Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Numayr, on the authority of his father.[108]
Hadith 108: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ibn Bishrān informed us: Ismāʿīl ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣaffār and Abū Jaʿfar al-Razzāz informed us: They said: Saʿdān ibn Naṣr narrated to us: Sufyān narrated to us: on the authority of ʿAmr ibn Dīnār: on the authority of ibn Abī Mulayka: on the authority of Yaʿlā ibn Mamlak: on the authority of Umm ʾl-Dardāʾ, narrating it from Abū ʾl-Dardāʾ, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: “Whoever has been given his share of gentleness has been given his share of good. Whoever has been deprived of his share of gentleness has been deprived of his share of good.” And he said, “The heaviest thing on the scale of the believer is good character. Indeed, Allah Most High detests the obscene, foul-mouthed one.”[109]
Hadith 109: Abū ʾl-Fatḥ Hilāl ibn Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar informed us in Baghdad: al-Ḥusayn ibn Yaḥyā ibn ʿAyyāsh al-Qaṭṭān informed us: Abū ʾl-Ashʿath narrated to us: Ḥammād ibn Zayd narrated to us on the authority of Thābit, on the authority of Anas ibn Mālik, who said: “I served the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – for ten years. By Allah, not once did he ever say to me, ‘Uff!’ Nor did he ever say to me concerning something I did, ‘Why did you do this?’ or concerning something I did not do, ‘Why did you not do this?’” Narrated by Muslim from Saʿīd ibn Manṣūr and Abū ʾl-Rabīʿ, from Ḥammād.[110]
Hadith 110: The Sayyid, Abū ʾl-Ḥasan Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-ʿAlawī narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Manṣūr al-Simsār informed us: Ḥāmid ibn Maḥmūd al-Muqrī narrated to us: Isḥāq ibn Sulaymān al-Rāzī narrated to us: I heard Mālik ibn Anas mentioning, on the authority of al-Zuhrī, on the authority of Saʿīd ibn al-Musayyib, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “The strong one is not [the one adept at] wrestling; the strong one is he who controls himself at times of anger.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf; also narrated by Muslim on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Yaḥyā and ʿAbd al-Aʿlā ibn Ḥammād, all of them on the authority of Mālik.[111]
Hadith 111: Abū ʾl-Fatḥ Hilāl ibn Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Baghdādī informed us in Baghdad: al-Ḥusayn ibn Yaḥyā ibn ʿAyyāsh al-Qaṭṭān narrated to us: Abū ʾl-Ashʿath narrated to us: Khālid ibn al-Ḥārith narrated to us: Saʿīd narrated to us on the authority of Qatāda: More than one of those who met the delegation narrated to us: and Abū Naḍra mentioned that it was narrated to him on the authority of Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī regarding the story of the delegation of ʿAbd al-Qays that he said: The Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said to Ashajj ʿAbd al-Qays: “Indeed, you possess two characteristics that Allah Most High and His Messenger love: forbearance and deliberation.” Transmitted by Muslim from the hadith of Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿArūba.[112]
Hadith 112: Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Muqriʾ al-Isfarāyīnī informed us in [Isfara’in]: al-Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq narrated to us: Yūsuf ibn Yaʿqūb al-Qāḍī narrated to us: Abū ʾl-Rabīʿ narrated to us: Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar narrated to us: al-ʿAlāʾ ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān narrated to us: on the authority of his father: on the authority of Abū Hurayra who said: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Charity does not diminish wealth, Allah does not increase a servant who pardons [others] except in honor, and no one humbles himself for the sake of Allah except that Allah – the Mighty and Sublime – raises him up.” Narrated by Muslim on the authority of Qutayba and others, on the authority of Ismāʿīl.[113]
Notes
[107] Recorded in Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 1162. Graded ḥasanṣaḥīḥ by al-Tirmidhī. ↩
[108] Recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, no. 3559 and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, no. 2321. ↩
[109] Recorded in Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 2013 (graded ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ) and Sunan Abī Dāwūd, no. 4799. ↩
Hadith 113: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Bāqī ibn Qāniʿ al-Ḥāfiẓ narrated to us: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Haytham ibn Abī Iyās narrated to us: Shuʿba narrated to us: on the authority of al-Aʿmash: on the authority of Yaḥyā ibn Waththāb: on the authority of ibn ʿUmar: he said: the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “The believer who mixes with people and endures their harm is better than the believer who does not mix with them or endure their harm.”[114]
Hadith 114: Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad al-Rūdhbārī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿUmar ibn Burhān al-Ghazzāl, Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ibn al-Faḍl al-Qaṭṭān, and Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yaḥyā ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār al-Sukkarī informed us in Baghdad: They said: Ismāʿīl ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣaffār narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn ʿArafa narrated to us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak narrated to us: on the authority of al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAmr al-Fuqaymī: on the authority of Mundhir al-Thawrī: on the authority of Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyya who said: “He is not wise who does not associate in kindness with the person whose companionship he cannot avoid, until Allāh grants him relief” – or he said – “an escape.” This is what is preserved on the authority of Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyya of his own saying. It has been narrated with a weak chain of transmission on the authority of Abū Fāṭima al-Iyādī, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace.[115]
Notes
[114] Recorded in Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 2507; Sunan Ibn Mājah, no. 4032; Musnad Aḥmad 23098. Al-Arnaʾūṭ graded it ṣaḥīḥ. ↩
[115] Recorded in al-Adab al-Mufrad by al-Bukhārī, no. 889. Graded as a mawqūf statement of Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥanafiyya. ↩
39. On the Repugnance of Stinginess and Avarice, the Goodness and Reward Found in Spending Wealth, Generosity Therewith, and Excellent Conduct with People.
Hadith 115: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us: Abū Bakr ibn Isḥāq narrated to us by way of dictation: Abū ʾl-Muthannā and Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā ibn al-Sakan narrated to us: They said: al-Qaʿnabī narrated to us: Dāwūd ibn Qays narrated to us on the authority of ʿUbayd Allah ibn Miqsam, on the authority of Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh that the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Guard against wrongdoing, for wrongdoing is darknesses on the Day of Resurrection. Beware of greed, for greed destroyed those who came before you. It spurred them to shed their blood and make lawful what was prohibited to them.” Narrated by Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of al-Qaʿnabī.[116]
Hadith 116: The Imam, Abū ʾl-Ṭayyib Sahl ibn Muḥammad ibn Sulaymān narrated to us: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam narrated to us: My father and Shuʿayb ibn al-Layth narrated to us: They said: al-Layth ibn Saʿd informed us on the authority of ibn al-Hād, on the authority of Suhayl ibn Abī Ṣāliḥ, on the authority of Ṣafwān ibn Abī Yazīd, on the authority of al-Qaʿqāʿ ibn al-Lajlāj, on the authority of Abū Hurayra, that he heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – saying: “Dust [raised] in the way of Allah and the smoke of Hell can never be combined in the chest of a [believing] servant. Stinginess and faith can never be combined in the heart of a [believing] servant.”[117]
Hadith 117: Ṣadaqa ibn Mūsā narrated, on the authority of Mālik ibn Dīnār, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn Ghālib, on the authority of Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Two traits do not combine in a believer: stinginess and bad character.” Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf informed us of it: Abū Saʿīd ibn al-Aʿrābī informed us: Abū Dāwūd and Ibrāhīm ibn Fahd narrated to us: They said: Muslim ibn Ibrāhīm narrated to us: Ṣadaqa narrated to us, and he cited the aforementioned tradition. It was also narrated on the authority of Jaʿfar ibn Sulaymān, on the authority of Mālik ibn Dīnār.[118]
Hadith 118: Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Adīb informed us: Abū Bakr al-Ismāʿīlī narrated to us: al-Ḥasan ibn Sufyān informed me: ʿAbbās ibn al-Walīd al-Dimashqī narrated to us: ʿAlī ibn ʿAyyāsh narrated to us: Abū Ghassān narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn al-Munkadir narrated to us: on the authority of Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh: he said: the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “May Allah have mercy upon a person[119] who is lenient when he sells, lenient when he buys, and lenient when he demands payment.”[120]
Hadith 119: Sayyid Abū ʾl-Ḥasan al-ʿAlawī narrated to us: Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar ibn Jamīl al-Azdī informed us: Yaḥyā ibn Jaʿfar ibn al-Zibraqān narrated to us: ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAtāʾ narrated to us: Isrāʾīl ibn Yūnus narrated to us on the authority of Zayd ibn ʿAtāʾ ibn al-Sāʾib, on the authority of Muḥammad ibn al-Munkadir, and he cited the aforementioned tradition, except that he said: “May Allah show forgiveness to a man who was before you. He was easy to deal with when he sold, easy to deal with when he purchased, and easy to deal with when he demanded payment.” Narrated by al-Bukhārī on the authority of ʿAlī ibn ʿAyyāsh.[121]
Hadith 120: And it has been narrated to us on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr al-Awdī, on the authority of ibn Masʿūd, on the authority of the Prophet – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – who said: “The Fire is forbidden to every mild, soft, approachable, and easy-going [person].” Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Manṣūr al-Nawqānī informed us in that place: Abū Ḥātim Muḥammad ibn Ḥibbān al-Bustī informed us: Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār al-Ṣūfī narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn narrated to us: ʿAbdah ibn Sulaymān narrated to us on the authority of Hishām ibn ʿUrwa, on the authority of Mūsā ibn ʿUqba, on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh, and he cited the aforementioned tradition.[122]
Hadith 121: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad, the jurist, al-Shīrāzī informed us: They said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn Yūnus narrated to us: Zuhayr narrated to us: Manṣūr ibn al-Muʿtamir narrated to us: on the authority of Ribʿī ibn Ḥirāsh: that Ḥudhayfa narrated to them: The Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “The angels received the spirit of a man who was before you and said, 'Have you done any good?' He replied, 'No.' They said, 'Try to remember.' He said, 'I used to lend to people and order my servants to grant respite to the one in hardship and overlook the well-to-do.' He said "So Allah – the Mighty and Sublime – said, 'Pardon him.'" Narrated by al-Bukhārī and Muslim in their Ṣaḥīḥ collections on the authority of Aḥmad ibn Yūnus.[123]
Hadith 122: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn al-Faḍl ibn Naẓīf informed us in Mecca: the Judge, Abū Ṭāhir Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Mālikī narrated to us by way of dictation: Ibrāhīm ibn Sharīk ibn al-Faḍl ibn Isḥāq al-Kūfī narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūnus narrated to us: Zāʾida narrated to us on the authority of ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿUmayr, on the authority of Ribʿī ibn Ḥirāsh, on the authority of Abū ʾl-Yasar, who said: the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Whoever grants respite to one in difficult circumstances, or waives [some of] his debt, Allah will grant him shade on the day there is no shade but His shade.” He said: And Abū ʾl-Yasar spat on his document [the debt record] and said to his debtor: “Go, for it is yours,” and he mentioned that he had been in financial difficulty. And it was Narrated by ʿUbāda ibn al-Walīd on the authority of Abū ʾl-Yasar, and from that route Muslim extracted it in his Ṣaḥīḥ.[124]
[117] Recorded in Sunan al-Nasā'ī, no. 3112; Musnad Aḥmad, no. 9693. Graded ṣaḥīḥ by al-Arnaʾūṭ. ↩
[118] [119] Recorded in Sunan al-Tirmidhī, no. 1962. Al-Tirmidhī graded it as gharīb noting: “We do not know this hadith except from the narration of Ṣadaqa ibn Mūsā.” ↩
Chapter 40: Concerning the Believer Who Strives to Practice What We Have Mentioned in This Book, and Then What We Have Mentioned in the Forty [Traditions] We Compiled Regarding the Character of the People of Hadith, Seeking the Help of Allah in All of That. Then, When His Appointed Time Arrives – from Which No Sent Prophet Has Escaped, nor Any Near-Stationed Angel Will Escape – He Thinks Best of Allah – the Mighty and Sublime – Hopes for His Mercy, and Places His Reliance Upon It, Just as the Chosen One – Upon him be Blessings and Peace – Commanded.[130]
Hadith 123: This is according to what al-Qāḍī Abū Muḥammad Janāḥ ibn Nadhīr ibn Janāḥ, informed us in Kufa: Abū Jaʿfar ibn Duḥaym narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn Ḥāzim ibn Abī Gharaza narrated to us: Yaʿlā ibn ʿUbayd narrated to us: al-Aʿmash narrated to us on the authority of Abū Sufyān, on the authority of Jābir, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – saying three [days] before his death: “Let none of you die except while thinking well of Allah – the Mighty and Sublime.” Transmitted by Muslim from Abū Kurayb, from Abū Muʿāwiya, from al-Aʿmash.[125]
Hadith 124: Abū ʾl-Ḥusayn ibn Bishrān informed us: al-Ḥusayn ibn Safwān informed us: ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī ʾl-Dunyā narrated to us: Abū Khaythama narrated to us: Shabāba ibn Sawwār narrated to us on the authority of Hishām ibn al-Ghāz al-Baghdādī: Ḥayyān Abū ʾl-Naḍr narrated to me: Wāthila ibn al-Asqaʿ said to me, “Lead me to Yazīd ibn al-Aswad, for it has reached me that a severe illness has fallen upon him” [Ḥayyān] said: So I led him, and he entered upon Yazīd while he was heavy [with illness] and had been turned – meaning toward the Qibla – and his consciousness had departed. Wāthila said, “Call out to him.” So I said [to Yazīd], “This is Wāthila, your brother.” Allāh had preserved enough of his awareness that he heard Wāthila had come, so he extended his hand and began reaching around with it. I knew what he wanted, so I took the hand of Wāthila and placed it in his palm. He only wanted to place his hand in Wāthila's hand because of Wāthila’s hand having touched the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He began placing it once upon his chest, once upon his face, and once upon his mouth. Wāthila said, “Will you not inform me about something I ask you? What is your expectation of Allāh?” He replied, “My sins have submerged me, and I am on the brink of destruction, but I hope for the mercy of Allāh.” Wāthila uttered the takbīr, and the people of the house uttered the takbīr with his takbīr. He said, "Allāhu Akbar! I heard the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – say: 'Allah the Exalted says: "I am as My servant thinks of Me, so let him think of Me as he wishes."'"[126]
Hadith 125: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿAmr narrated to us: They said: Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb narrated to us: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār narrated to us: Abū Muʿāwiya narrated to us: on the authority of al-Aʿmash: on the authority of Abū Ṣāliḥ: on the authority of Abū Hurayra: he said: the Messenger of Allah – may Allah bless him and grant him peace – said: “Follow a middle course, aim for what is right, be of good cheer and know that no one will be saved by his deeds.” They said, “Not even you, O Messenger of Allah?” He said, “Not even I, unless Allah shrouds me with mercy and bounty from Him.” Narrated by Muslim in the Ṣaḥīḥ on the authority of Abū Bakr ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Shayba and Abū Kurayb on the authority of Abū Muʿāwiya in [the book of] supplications.[127]
Notes
[130] This introductory block constitutes the full title of Chapter 40 as it appears in the manuscript. For typographic clarity, the main heading utilizes only the first clause of this title. ↩